ЧИСЛЕННОСТЬ И СОСТАВ МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ПЕРСОНАЛА В ГОРОДАХ СИБИРИ В ГОДЫ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ: 1941-1945

A dynamics of the number of medical personnel Siberian cities in the Great Patriotic war is analyzed in the article. The author studies quantity and structure of senior and low-grade medical personnel of healthcare institutions, shows its impact on medical and sanitarian anti-epidemic work, as well as considers methods of decision of personnel problem in the region. The study is based on analysis of documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, the Russian State Archive of Economy and the Regional Archives of the Siberian cities.В статье анализируется динамика численности медицинских кадров сибирских городов в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Автор изучает количество и состав высшего и среднего медицинского персонала учреждений здравоохранения, показывает, как это сказывалось на лечебной и санитарно-противоэпидемической работе, а также рассматривает методы решения кадровой проблемы в регионе. В основе исследования лежит анализ документов Государственного архива Российской Федерации, Российского государственного архива социально-политической истории, Российского государственного архива экономики, а также областных архивов сибирских городов

Outpatient anesthesiology - a condition of a question

Outpatient general anesthesia - the independent direction of modern anesthesiology. The level of the out-patient surgical help in Russia isn't great, not like in foreign countries, where this level is about 70% .There are no uniform protocols of carrying out anesthesia in out-patient surgery in our country. The question of a choice of an optimum method of anesthesia having crucial importance for out-patient surgery remains open, as well as the questions concerning selection, the volume of preoperative inspection of patients, education and accreditation of the personnel.Амбулаторное общее обезболивание - самостоятельное направление современной анестезиологии. По сравнению с рядом зарубежных стран, в которых число оперативных вмешательств, выполняемых в амбулаторных условиях достигает 70% , уровень амбулаторной хирургической помощи в России не велик. В нашей стране нет единых протоколов проведения анестезии в амбулаторной хирургии. Вопрос выбора оптимального метода обезболивания, имеющий решающее значение для амбулаторной хирургии, остается открытым, как и вопросы, касающиеся отбора, объема предоперационного обследования пациентов, образования и аккредитации персонала

Reactivity and fate of secondary alkane sulfonates (SAS) in marine sediments

This research is focused on secondary alkane sulfonates (SAS), anionic surfactants widely used in household applications that access aquatic environments mainly via sewage discharges.We studied their sorption capacity and anaerobic degradation in marine sediments, providing the first data available on this topic. SAS partition coefficients increased towards those homologues having longer alkyl chains(from up to 141 L kg 1 for C14 to up to 1753 L kg 1 for C17), which were those less susceptible to undergo biodegradation. Overall, SAS removal percentages reached up to 98% after 166 days of incubation using anoxic sediments. The degradation pathway consisted on the formation of sulfocarboxylic acids after an initial fumarate attack of the alkyl chain and successive b-oxidations. This is the first study showing that SAS can be degraded in absence of oxygen, so this new information should be taken into account for future environmental risk assessments on these chemicals

ДИНАМИКА ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СССР В 1960-70-е гг

The article analyzes the main directions of development of the industry of the USSR in 1960-70-sthe Authors thoroughly and consistently consider the dynamics of industrial growth in the consideredyears, reforms in the sphere of industry, payingattention to their advantages and disadvantages.The study is the analysis of statistical sources 70s,materials economic discussion 1962. The Authors concluded that the reduction in the pace of industrialdevelopment is primarily connected with the factthat the model of socialist economy has exhaustedits resources.В статье анализируются основные направления развития промышленности СССР в 1960-70-е гг. Авторы детально и последовательно рассматривают динамику промышленного роста в рассматриваемые годы, реформы, проводимые в сфере промышленности, обращая внимание на ихдостоинстваинедостатки. Восновеисследования лежит анализ статистических источников 70-х гг., материалы экономической дискуссии 1962 г. Авторы пришли к выводу, что снижение темпов промышленного развития связано, преждевсегостем, чтосамамодельсоциалистической экономики исчерпала свой ресурс

Evaluation of mediators of fibrosis and angiogenesis in the blood serum of premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

In premature birth and postpartum damage to the developing lung, the processes of the formation of pulmonary vessels and alveoli are disrupted, leading to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD is a multifactorial disease and the pathogenesis of lung tissue damage is still not fully understood. Studies of angiogenesis biomarkers can be informative for assessing the development of BPD. In this study we examined the blood serum of 65 premature infants aged 6 to 180 days of life; gestational age at birth was 23-33 weeks, body weight 480-1840 g, APGAR score 5-6. All children in the early neonatal period had respiratory distress syndrome, then 46 children formed and 19 did not form bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The concentration of the factors of angiogenesis and fibrosis was determined in blood serum by ELISA. There were no differences in the levels of angiopoietins 1 and 2, vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF-D, transforming growth factor beta TGF-β, thrombospondin-1. We observed a tendency to increasing the level of VEGF-A, which is a key regulator of angiogenesis and lung maturation; we regard this tendency as a favorable sign of lung formation. We found tendencies to increase of the adhesion molecule of endothelial platelet cells PECAM-1, interleukin 8 and connective tissue growth factor CTGF. CTGF expression is enhanced by artificial lung ventilation and exposure to high oxygen concentrations. We consider an increase of CTGF in BPD to be an unfavorable change, since the binding of CTGF to VEGF inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis. In children with BPD, we found a decrease in the level of platelet derived growth factor PDGF-BB, the median concentration was 3180 pg/mL in BPD versus 4782 pg/mL without BPD (p = 0.024). PDGF is an important factor in tissue regeneration and plays an important role in the formation of blood vessels. We assume the decreasing of PDGF concentration in BPD can lead to a violation of the alveolarization necessary for the formation of the structure of healthy lungs. Studies of angiogenesis factors will help to better understand the pathogenesis of lung damage in BPD

Restorative treatment decisions for carious lesions: Do Russian dentists and dental students apply minimal intervention dentistry?

Background - The concept of minimal intervention dentistry (MID) includes both delayed restorative treatment and conservative caries removal, and is now recognised as an evidence-based approach for dental caries management. In order to determine if dental professionals in Russia are incorporating this concept into their clinical practice, we investigated the restorative treatment decisions of Russian dentists and dental students, and the factors associated with these decisions. Methods - We included 171 general dental practitioners and dental therapists (collectively referred to here as “dentists”) from North-West Russia, and 76 dental undergraduate students from the Northern State Medical University in Arkhangelsk (response rate of 11.5% and 67.9%, respectively). Participants completed a questionnaire, which collected background information (sex, region of work, place of dental school graduation, practice type, years of working experience, working in an urban or rural area, and specialisation in restorative dentistry) and information on restorative treatment decisions for proximal and occlusal carious lesions of permanent teeth. Treatment options in accordance with MID were defined as intervention at dentin level and minimally invasive cavity preparation. Multinomial logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. Results - For the proximal carious lesion, 9.4% of participants said they would employ both MID treatment options; 60.7% said they would choose only one; and 29.9% said they would use neither option. For the occlusal carious lesion, the corresponding figures were 37.2%, 52.1%, and 10.7%. No differences in restorative treatment options were observed among general dental practitioners, dental therapists, and dental students. For the proximal carious lesion, dentists from regions outside Arkhangelsk had 4.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–15.27) times higher odds of following one versus both MID treatment options. For the occlusal carious lesion, working experience above 15 years was associated with higher odds of using only one versus both MID treatment options (adjusted odds ratio = 3.04, 95% CI 1.33–6.91). Almost all respondents preferred tooth-coloured materials for restorations; more than 75% chose resin-based composite. Conclusions - The majority of Russian dentists and dental students do not apply the MID concept when treating dental caries in permanent teeth. Clinical protocols on dental caries treatment and dental school curriculums should be updated to place an enhanced focus on evidence-based practice and preventive strategies. Further studies with larger samples of Russian dentists and dental students and alternative methods of recruitment are needed to validate our results