16 research outputs found
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L AREA WASTEWATER STORAGE DRUM EVALUATION
This report documents the determination of the cause of pressurization that led to bulging deformation of a 55 gallon wastewater drum stored in L-Area. Drum samples were sent to SRNL for evaluation. The interior surface of these samples revealed blistering and holes in the epoxy phenolic drum liner and corrosion of the carbon steel drum. It is suspected that osmotic pressure drove permeation of the water through the epoxy phenolic coating which was weakened from exposure to low pH water. The coating failed at locations throughout the drum interior. Subsequent corrosion of the carbon steel released hydrogen which pressurized the drum causing deformation of the drum lid. Additional samples from other wastewater drums on the same pallet were also evaluated and limited corrosion was visible on the interior surfaces. It is suspected that, with time, the corrosion would have advanced to cause pressurization of these sealed drums
Nutrition issues in Codex: health claims, nutrient reference values and WTO agreements: a conference report
BACKGROUND: Codex documents may be used as educational and consensus materials for member governments. Also, the WTO SPS Agreement recognizes Codex as the presumptive international authority on food issues. Nutrient bioavailability is a critical factor in determining the ability of nutrients to provide beneficial effects. Bioavailability also influences the quantitative dietary requirements that are the basis of nutrient intake recommendations and NRVs. HEALTH CLAIMS: Codex, EFSA and some national regulatory authorities have established guidelines or regulations that will permit several types of health claims. The scientific basis for claims has been established by the US FDA and EFSA, but not yet by Codex. Evidence-based nutrition differs from evidence-based medicine, but the differences are only recently gaining recognition. Health claims on foods may provide useful information to consumers, but many will interpret the information to mean that they can rely upon the food or nutrient to eliminate a disease risk. NUTRIENT REFERENCE VALUES: NRVs are designed to provide a quantitative basis for comparing the nutritive values of foods, helping to illustrate how specific foods fit into the overall diet. The INL-98 and the mean of adult male and female values provide NRVs that are sufficient when used as targets for individual intakes by most adults. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AGREEMENTS: WTO recognizes Codex as the primary international authority on food issues. Current regulatory schemes based on recommended dietary allowances are trade restrictive. A substantial number of decisions by the EFSA could lead to violation of WTO agreements
Dietary Reference Intakes for vitamin D: justification for a review of the 1997 values123
Recent Institute of Medicine (IOM) reviews of the process for deriving Dietary
Reference Intakes (DRIs) suggest that determining the need for a new nutrient
review should be evaluated against criteria set a priori. After selecting the
criterion of significant new and relevant research, a working group of US and
Canadian government scientists used results from a systematic review and 2
conferences on vitamin D and health to evaluate whether significant new and
relevant scientific evidence had become available since the 1997 IOM publication
of the DRIs for vitamin D. This working group concluded that there appears to be
new research meeting the criteria for 4 key DRI questions. The new research is
of larger quantity and quality for the elderly than for other groups, but
overall 1) adds to the bone-related and status evidence
available to the 1997 DRI Committee for several of the life-stage groups,
2) identifies new outcomes with respect to risk of falls
and performance measures in the elderly and potential adverse effects, and
3) provides additional information on dose-response
relations between intakes and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and
between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and several health outcomes (ie,
bone-related outcomes for all ages and risk of falls and performance measures in
older adults). Members of the working group concluded that significant new and
relevant research was available for reviewing the existing DRIs for vitamin D
while leaving the decision of whether the new research will result in changes to
the current DRIs to a future IOM-convened DRI committee