José Agustín Goytisolo

Publicat a ABC

Influencia de la musicoterapia en el Trastorno de espectro autista Grado 1.

Language is fundamental in early childhood development and necessary for social skill engagement. Through past decades investigations have dedicated to understand the connection between music and our learning cognitive process, language and symbolic understanding. Investigations that have proven the positive effect in discursive development in people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). There are two types of music therapy: active and passive. In active therapy, the subject plays an instrument, sings o dance; on the other hand, passive therapy induces patients into a state that allows to have a integration process through listening sessions (20 to 30 minutes) where vibration helps regulate cerebral frequencies. Comparative studies show positive effect with ASD patients in language development, cognitive structures, pattern recognition and verbal intelligence this therapy influence conforms the basis and support later social skills and relationship care.El desarrollo de lenguaje es un pilar fundamental en el desarrollo infantil y necesario para el desarrollo para habilidades sociales. Investigaciones a lo largo de décadas se han dedicado a entender la conexión entre la música y nuestros procesos cognitivos cómo aprendizaje, lenguaje y entendimiento simbólico. Que han demostrado que esta terapia facilita el desarrollo del discurso en pacientes con un trastorno del espectro autista. Existen dos tipos de musicoterapia: activa y pasiva. Donde en la terapia activa el sujeto interpreta un instrumento, canta o danza; por otro lado la terapia pasiva se propone a inducir al paciente a un estado que permita llevar un proceso integro para la persona mediante sesiones de escucha de 20 a 30 minutos donde la vibración y las ondas de la música ayudan a regular las frecuencias cerebrales. Estudios comparativos muestran un efecto positivo con los pacientes en tratamiento en el desarrollo del lenguaje, estructuras cognitivas, reconocimiento de patrones e inteligencia verbal. Conclusiones: Estas influencias de la terapia conforman las bases y soporte que posteriormente ayudan en el sostenimiento de relaciones y habilidades social

Do potatoes and tomatoes have a single evolutionary history, and what proportion of the genome supports this history?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Phylogenies reconstructed with only one or a few independently inherited loci may be unresolved or incongruent due to taxon and gene sampling, horizontal gene transfer, or differential selection and lineage sorting at individual loci. In an effort to remedy this situation, we examined the utility of conserved orthologous set (COSII) nuclear loci to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among 29 diploid <it>Solanum </it>species in the sister clades that include tomato and potato, and in <it>Datura inoxia </it>as a far outgroup. We screened 40 COSII markers with intron content over 60% that are mapped in different chromosomes; selected a subset of 19 by the presence of single band amplification of size mostly between 600 and 1200 bp; sequenced these 19 COSII markers, and performed phylogenetic analyses with individual and concatenated datasets. The present study attempts to provide a fully resolved phylogeny among the main clades in potato and tomato that can help to identify the appropriate markers for future studies using additional species.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among potatoes, when total evidence is invoked, one single predominant history is highlighted with complete resolution within and among the three main clades. It also supports the hypothesis of the North and Central American B-genome origin of the tuber-bearing members of <it>Solanum </it>sect. <it>Petota </it>and shows a clear division between A genomes in clades 3 and 4, and B genomes in clade 1+2. On the other hand, when a prior agreement approach is invoked other potato evolutionary histories are revealed but with less support. These alternative histories could be explained by past hybridization, or fast rates of speciation. In the case of tomato, the analyses with all sequence data completely resolved 19 of 21 clades, for the first time revealed the monophyly of five clades, and gave further support for the recent segregation of new species from the former <it>Solanum peruvianum</it>. Concordance analyses revealed and summarized the extensive discordance among COSII markers. Some potential reasons for discordance could be methodological, to include systematic errors due to using a wrong model of sequence evolution, coupled with long branches, or mixtures of branch lengths within COSII, or undetected paralogy or alignment bias. Other reasons could be biological processes such as hybridization or lineage sorting.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study confirms and quantifies the utility of using DNA sequences from different parts of the genome in phylogenetic studies to avoid possible bias in the sampling. It shows that 11–18 loci are enough to get the dominant history in this group of <it>Solanum</it>, but more loci would be needed to discern the distribution of gene genealogies in more depth, and thus detect which mechanism most likely shaped the discordance.</p

Vineyard area estimation using medium spatial resolution satellite imagery

P. 441-452The European Union requires member states to estimate their wine growing potential. For this porpose, most member states have developed or updated vineyard registers. The present study suggests locating vineyards using medium spatial resolution satellite imagery. The work was carried out using Landsat images that were validated for the Designation of Origin "Bierzo", León, SpainS

Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple Doses of Intravenous Ofloxacin in Healthy Volunteers

The safety and pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in 48 healthy male volunteers were studied in a two-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Ofloxacin (200 or 400 mg) or placebo was administered as 1-h infusions every 12 h for 7 days. Plasma ofloxacin concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Mean harmonic half-lives ranged from 4.28 to 4.98 h in the 200-mg dosing group and from 5.06 to 6.67 h in the 400-mg dosing group. Intragroup comparisons of trough plasma concentration-versus-time data from study days 2 through 7 revealed that steady state was achieved by day 2 of both multiple-dose regimens. Intergroup comparisons of mean harmonic half-lives, the areas under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 and 0 to 60 h, clearance, and apparent volume of distribution (area method) revealed that the pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin are dose independent. Both ofloxacin dosage regimens appeared to be reasonably well tolerated. The two dosage regimens of ofloxacin, 200 or 400 mg every 12 h, appear to be safe and provide serum drug concentrations in excess of the MICs for most susceptible pathogens over the entire dosing interval

Palladium dispersion effects on wet methane oxidation kinetics

The catalytic activity for dry and wet methane oxidation over a series of palladium–alumina catalysts with palladium loadings from 0.23 to 3.6 wt% Pd and systematically varied PdO dispersions from 8.1 to 39% was evaluated by flow reactor measurements and compared with multiscale simulations. The catalysts were prepared by industrially relevant incipient wetness impregnation followed by controlled calcination to provide similar active surface area with a realistic contact between active PdO nanoparticles and the alumina support. Kinetic analysis reveals that in wet conditions, the apparent activation energy for methane oxidation decreases as the PdO particle size increases as opposed to dry conditions where it increases. Active sites at the rim of the PdO particles in contact with the alumina support seem to contribute more to the overall activity under dry conditions but are more sensitive to wet conditions than PdO sites farther away from the rim. This sensitivity is likely due to more severe blocking by hydroxyl groups formed by water dissociation and reversed spillover. Simulations support that PdO bound hydroxyls well may form under the present reaction conditions. It is envisaged that the design of palladium–alumina catalysts for high methane turn-over frequency should target high but not too high PdO dispersion, i.e., the PdO particles should not be smaller than about 2 nm, as to balance water tolerance and palladium utilisation

O papel da enfermagem no controle da tuberculose: uma discussão sob a perspectiva da equidade

This paper aims to analyze nurses role in tuberculosis control from the perspective of equity in the context of Latin American countries. Tuberculosis is frequently associated with poverty, but many other determinants play an important role in its prevalence. Latin American countries fight against the presence of this illness and nursing professionals play a protagonist role in TB control, proposing comprehensive interventions in different spheres - individuals, families and society. The focus of nursing intervention ranges from public policy proposals, based on epidemiological research, through the establishment of multi-sector programs, to direct care and client education at the operative level. Different professional nursing institutions can play a decisive role in this problem integral approach, both in national and international scopes. This requires the establishment of educative, social, technical and politically integrated support networks.El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el rol de la enfermera en el control de la tuberculosis desde la perspectiva de la equidad, en el ámbito de los países latinoamericanos. La tuberculosis está asociada frecuentemente con la pobreza, pero muchos otros determinantes juegan un rol importante en su prevalencia. Los países latinoamericanos luchan contra la presencia de esta enfermedad y la enfermería juega un rol protagónico en el control de este problema planteando intervenciones integrales en diferentes esferas del individuo, de la familia y de la sociedad. La intervención de enfermería se extiende desde el planteamiento de políticas públicas, basadas en estudios de base epidemiológica, mediante la implementación de programas multisectoriales, hasta la atención directa y la educación de los usuarios en el plan operativo. Las diferentes instituciones profesionales de enfermería pueden desarrollar un papel decisivo en el abordaje integral del problema, no sólo en el ámbito nacional sino también en el internacional, para esto se requiere establecer redes de apoyo con integración educativa, social, técnica y política.O objetivo do presente artigo foi analisar o papel do profissional da enfermagem no controle da tuberculose, sob a perspectiva da equidade, no âmbito dos países da América Latina. A tuberculose está frequentemente associada à pobreza, mas muitos outros determinantes contribuem de modo importante para sua prevalência. Os países sul-americanos lutam contra essa enfermidade e a enfermagem possui papel de protagonista no controle desse problema, reivindicando intervenções integrais, voltadas para as diferentes esferas: individual, familiar e social. A intervenção da enfermagem é enfocada desde o desenho das políticas públicas, com base em estudos epidemiológicos, mediante a implementação de programas multissetoriais, até a assistência direta e a educação dos usuários no plano operativo. Diferentes instituições profissionais da enfermagem podem desenvolver atuação decisiva para a abordagem integral do problema, no âmbito nacional e internacional, devendo, para isso, estabelecer redes de apoio integradas às dimensões educativas, social, técnica e política