Potencial alelopático de óleo de eucalyptus e de Capim citronela no controle de plantas daninhas / Allelopathic potential of eucalyptus and lemongrass oil in weed control

O efeito alelopático de óleos essenciais de plantas se apresentaram como opção à formulação de bioherbicidas, tornando-se alternativa na agricultura orgânica sustentável. Objetivou-se com o trabalho, avaliar o potencial herbicídico, dos óleos essenciais de Cymbopogon nardus em mistura com o ácido pirolenhoso, e óleo essencial de eucalipto em mistura com o ácido pirolenhoso nas plantas Senna obtusifolia, Amaranthus sp., Bidens pilosa, Digitaria sp., Cenchrus echinatus. O experimento foi instalado e conduzido na área experimental de Malerbologia da UFT, campus Gurupi-TO em blocos casualizados 5 x 10, sendo 5 as doses (0 (testemunha), 10, 20, 30 e 40 L/ha) e 10 repetições. A mistura (óleo essencial + ácido pirolenhoso (30% óleo essencial de Cymbopogon nardus + 30% de ácido pirolenhoso)) foi aplicada   com pulverizador costal de CO2 (150 e 350 L.ha-1 de vazão) e a mistura (óleo essencial de eucalipto + ácido pirolenhoso (60% de ácido pirolenhoso + 10% de óleo essencial com vazão 350 L.ha-1), quando as plantas daninhas estavam no estádio de 3 a 5 folhas e as avaliações realizadas foram: fitotoxicidade, comprimento da parte aérea e raiz e massa seca da parte aérea e raiz. Verificou-se que o aumento das doses da mistura aplicada no Cenchrus echinatus (30% ACP+30% OLC(vazão 150 L,ha-1)), apresentou maiores efeitos visuais de fitotoxicidade e reduziu o comprimento da parte aérea e raiz e massa seca da parte aérea e raiz. Com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a mistura do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon nardus com ácido pirolenhoso apresentou características bioherbicida

Farmacovigilância em tuberculose: relato de uma experiência no Brasil

Tuberculosis (TB) treatment frequently causes adverse reactions, because on one hand, it employs at least four drugs and on the other hand, these drugs are often used in association with other drugs, such as antiretroviral and glucose-lowering drugs, that interact with antitubercular agents. The Brazilian National Tuberculosis Control Program and the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) developed a partnership to implement a pilot pharmacovigilance project to encourage the reporting of adverse reactions to antitubercular agents. Training followed by monitoring visits was conducted by three reference health services for TB treatment. Among the bottlenecks identified, we found limitations in access to the information system (NOTIVISA), slow Internet connection, poor adverse event reporting in medical records, lack of multidisciplinary integration and involvement of managers, and fragility of information flows. As a consequence, technical instructional materials were developed, the NOTIVISA form was improved and shortened, indicators for monitoring notifications were proposed, and information flows were reset. We conclude that the partnership was successful and suggest a similar strategy for other programs. Integration of health teams as well as development of simplified notification tools are challenges to be overcome if pharmacovigilance actions are to be sustainable in the country.O tratamento da tuberculose (TB) causa frequentes reações adversas por necessitar da associação de quatro fármacos e por ser frequentemente usado em associação com outros medicamentos, como antirretrovirais e hipoglicemiantes, que apresentam importantes interações com os tuberculostáticos. Com o propósito de reforçar a farmacovigilância em TB no Brasil, o Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose e a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária desenvolveram um projeto piloto para estimular a notificação das reações adversas aos tuberculostáticos. Foram realizadas capacitações e visitas de monitoramentos em três unidades de saúde de referência para o tratamento da TB. Dentre as dificuldades identificadas, encontramos limitações ao acesso ao sistema NOTIVISA, a precariedade da rede de internet, a ausência de registro das reações adversas nos prontuários dos pacientes, a reduzida integração multiprofissional, o pouco envolvimento dos gestores e a fragilidade dos fluxos de informação. Como desdobramentos, materiais instrucionais foram elaborados, a ficha de notificação do NOTIVISA foi aprimorada, indicadores para o monitoramento das notificações foram propostos e os fluxos redefinidos. Concluímos que a parceria foi bem sucedida, e sugerimos estratégia semelhante para outros programas. A integração das equipes de saúde e a elaboração de ferramentas simplificadas de notificação são desafios a serem vencidos para conferir sustentabilidade às ações de farmacovigilância no país

Biogenesis and roles of Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23 membrane vesicles

Les bactéries à Gram positif de l’espèce Lacticaseibacillus casei (anciennement appelée Lactobacillus casei) sont des bacilles fermentaires présents dans les produits laitiers qui sont connues pour leurs propriétés anti-inflammatoires et leurs effets bénéfiques dans la lutte contre les pathogènes. Comme tous les organismes vivants, L. casei produit des nanostructures de 20 à 400 nm de diamètre délimitées par une membrane lipidique appelées vésicules membranaires (MVs). Les MVs ont été décrites comme pouvant contenir divers constituants cellulaires et exercer de multiples fonctions. Toutefois, malgré l’intérêt croissant accordé aux MVs de bactéries à Gram positif ces 10 dernières années, les mécanismes de biogenèse et les rôles exercés par ces vésicules restent encore peu caractérisés. Dans ce contexte, ce projet de thèse a pour objectifs (i) de caractériser les MVs libérées par la souche BL23 de L. casei, (ii) d’identifier les mécanismes de biogenèse et enfin (iii) d’étudier les rôles exercés par ces MVs. Dans ce travail, nous avons mis en évidence la production de MVs par L. casei BL23 grâce à des analyses de microscopie électronique, puis la taille et la composition protéique des MVs purifiées ont été étudiées. Sur la base des résultats de caractérisation, le rôle des prophages de L. casei BL23 dans la biogenèse des MVs a été examiné par une approche de mutagenèse dirigée. L’ensemble de nos résultats suggèrent une contribution du prophage PLE2 dans la production des MVs par L. casei BL23 en l’absence ou en présence de stress génotoxiques. Par ailleurs, nous avons mis en évidence une activité antibiofilm des MVs de L. casei BL23 sur un panel de bactéries pathogènes et de bactéries d’altération. Ainsi, ces résultats ouvrent la voie à l’utilisation de MVs de L. casei dans la lutte contre la formation de biofilms bactériens.Gram-positive bacteria of the species Lacticaseibacillus casei (formerly known as Lactobacillus casei) are fermentative bacilli found in dairy products that are known for their anti-inflammatory properties and beneficial effects against pathogens. Like all living organisms, L. casei produces nanostructures of 20 to 400 nm in diameter bounded by a lipid membrane called membrane vesicles (MVs). MVs have been shown to contain various cellular constituents and exert multiple functions. However, despite the growing interest in Gram-positive MVs over the past 10 years, the mechanisms of biogenesis and the roles played by these vesicles remain poorly characterized. In this context, the objectives of this thesis project are (i) to characterize the MVs released by the L. casei strain BL23, (ii) to identify the biogenesis mechanisms and finally (iii) to study the roles played by these MVs. In this work, we demonstrated the production of MVs by L. casei BL23 using electron microscopy, then the size and protein composition of the purified MVs were examined. Based on the characterization results, the contribution of L. casei BL23 prophages to the biogenesis of MVs was investigated by a site-directed mutagenesis approach. Our results suggest a contribution of the PLE2 prophage in the production of MVs by L. casei BL23 in the absence or presence of genotoxic stress. Furthermore, we also showed that the MVs of L. casei BL23 exhibited an antibiofilm activity against several pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. These results pave the way for the use of MVs of L. casei BL23 to fight against the formation of bacterial biofilms

Biogenèse et rôles des vésicules membranaires de Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23

Gram-positive bacteria of the species Lacticaseibacillus casei (formerly known as Lactobacillus casei) are fermentative bacilli found in dairy products that are known for their anti-inflammatory properties and beneficial effects against pathogens. Like all living organisms, L. casei produces nanostructures of 20 to 400 nm in diameter bounded by a lipid membrane called membrane vesicles (MVs). MVs have been shown to contain various cellular constituents and exert multiple functions. However, despite the growing interest in Gram-positive MVs over the past 10 years, the mechanisms of biogenesis and the roles played by these vesicles remain poorly characterized. In this context, the objectives of this thesis project are (i) to characterize the MVs released by the L. casei strain BL23, (ii) to identify the biogenesis mechanisms and finally (iii) to study the roles played by these MVs. In this work, we demonstrated the production of MVs by L. casei BL23 using electron microscopy, then the size and protein composition of the purified MVs were examined. Based on the characterization results, the contribution of L. casei BL23 prophages to the biogenesis of MVs was investigated by a site-directed mutagenesis approach. Our results suggest a contribution of the PLE2 prophage in the production of MVs by L. casei BL23 in the absence or presence of genotoxic stress. Furthermore, we also showed that the MVs of L. casei BL23 exhibited an antibiofilm activity against several pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. These results pave the way for the use of MVs of L. casei BL23 to fight against the formation of bacterial biofilms.Les bactéries à Gram positif de l’espèce Lacticaseibacillus casei (anciennement appelée Lactobacillus casei) sont des bacilles fermentaires présents dans les produits laitiers qui sont connues pour leurs propriétés anti-inflammatoires et leurs effets bénéfiques dans la lutte contre les pathogènes. Comme tous les organismes vivants, L. casei produit des nanostructures de 20 à 400 nm de diamètre délimitées par une membrane lipidique appelées vésicules membranaires (MVs). Les MVs ont été décrites comme pouvant contenir divers constituants cellulaires et exercer de multiples fonctions. Toutefois, malgré l’intérêt croissant accordé aux MVs de bactéries à Gram positif ces 10 dernières années, les mécanismes de biogenèse et les rôles exercés par ces vésicules restent encore peu caractérisés. Dans ce contexte, ce projet de thèse a pour objectifs (i) de caractériser les MVs libérées par la souche BL23 de L. casei, (ii) d’identifier les mécanismes de biogenèse et enfin (iii) d’étudier les rôles exercés par ces MVs. Dans ce travail, nous avons mis en évidence la production de MVs par L. casei BL23 grâce à des analyses de microscopie électronique, puis la taille et la composition protéique des MVs purifiées ont été étudiées. Sur la base des résultats de caractérisation, le rôle des prophages de L. casei BL23 dans la biogenèse des MVs a été examiné par une approche de mutagenèse dirigée. L’ensemble de nos résultats suggèrent une contribution du prophage PLE2 dans la production des MVs par L. casei BL23 en l’absence ou en présence de stress génotoxiques. Par ailleurs, nous avons mis en évidence une activité antibiofilm des MVs de L. casei BL23 sur un panel de bactéries pathogènes et de bactéries d’altération. Ainsi, ces résultats ouvrent la voie à l’utilisation de MVs de L. casei dans la lutte contre la formation de biofilms bactériens

Biogenèse et rôles des vésicules membranaires de Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23

Gram-positive bacteria of the species Lacticaseibacillus casei (formerly known as Lactobacillus casei) are fermentative bacilli found in dairy products that are known for their anti-inflammatory properties and beneficial effects against pathogens. Like all living organisms, L. casei produces nanostructures of 20 to 400 nm in diameter bounded by a lipid membrane called membrane vesicles (MVs). MVs have been shown to contain various cellular constituents and exert multiple functions. However, despite the growing interest in Gram-positive MVs over the past 10 years, the mechanisms of biogenesis and the roles played by these vesicles remain poorly characterized. In this context, the objectives of this thesis project are (i) to characterize the MVs released by the L. casei strain BL23, (ii) to identify the biogenesis mechanisms and finally (iii) to study the roles played by these MVs. In this work, we demonstrated the production of MVs by L. casei BL23 using electron microscopy, then the size and protein composition of the purified MVs were examined. Based on the characterization results, the contribution of L. casei BL23 prophages to the biogenesis of MVs was investigated by a site-directed mutagenesis approach. Our results suggest a contribution of the PLE2 prophage in the production of MVs by L. casei BL23 in the absence or presence of genotoxic stress. Furthermore, we also showed that the MVs of L. casei BL23 exhibited an antibiofilm activity against several pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. These results pave the way for the use of MVs of L. casei BL23 to fight against the formation of bacterial biofilms.Les bactéries à Gram positif de l’espèce Lacticaseibacillus casei (anciennement appelée Lactobacillus casei) sont des bacilles fermentaires présents dans les produits laitiers qui sont connues pour leurs propriétés anti-inflammatoires et leurs effets bénéfiques dans la lutte contre les pathogènes. Comme tous les organismes vivants, L. casei produit des nanostructures de 20 à 400 nm de diamètre délimitées par une membrane lipidique appelées vésicules membranaires (MVs). Les MVs ont été décrites comme pouvant contenir divers constituants cellulaires et exercer de multiples fonctions. Toutefois, malgré l’intérêt croissant accordé aux MVs de bactéries à Gram positif ces 10 dernières années, les mécanismes de biogenèse et les rôles exercés par ces vésicules restent encore peu caractérisés. Dans ce contexte, ce projet de thèse a pour objectifs (i) de caractériser les MVs libérées par la souche BL23 de L. casei, (ii) d’identifier les mécanismes de biogenèse et enfin (iii) d’étudier les rôles exercés par ces MVs. Dans ce travail, nous avons mis en évidence la production de MVs par L. casei BL23 grâce à des analyses de microscopie électronique, puis la taille et la composition protéique des MVs purifiées ont été étudiées. Sur la base des résultats de caractérisation, le rôle des prophages de L. casei BL23 dans la biogenèse des MVs a été examiné par une approche de mutagenèse dirigée. L’ensemble de nos résultats suggèrent une contribution du prophage PLE2 dans la production des MVs par L. casei BL23 en l’absence ou en présence de stress génotoxiques. Par ailleurs, nous avons mis en évidence une activité antibiofilm des MVs de L. casei BL23 sur un panel de bactéries pathogènes et de bactéries d’altération. Ainsi, ces résultats ouvrent la voie à l’utilisation de MVs de L. casei dans la lutte contre la formation de biofilms bactériens

Spontaneous Prophage Induction Contributes to the Production of Membrane Vesicles by the Gram-Positive Bacterium Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23

The last few decades have demonstrated that membrane vesicles (MVs) produced by microorganisms can have a wide variety of functions. This diversity places MVs at the crossroads of major research topics in current microbiology such as antibiotic resistance, horizontal gene transfer, cell communication, biofilm development, bacteriophage resistance, and pathogenesis

CXCR3/CXCL10 Axis Shapes Tissue Distribution of Memory Phenotype CD8 + T Cells in Nonimmunized Mice

International audienceThe preimmune repertoire consists of mature T lymphocytes that have not yet been stimulated in the periphery. Memory phenotype (MP) cells have been reported as part of the preimmune repertoire (i.e., T cells bearing memory markers despite lack of engagement with cognate Ag); however, little is known about their trafficking and function. In this study, we hypothesized that MP cells, naive to TCR stimulation, constitute a transient population that traffics to tissues during development. Using mutant and transgenic animals with a monospecific TCR, we discovered increased numbers of MP CD8+ T cells circulating in nonimmunized Cxcr3-/- and Cxcl10-/- mice compared with wild-type animals. Phenotypic differences included decreased numbers of preimmune MP Ag-specific T cells in the skin and thymus and a distinct pattern of activation upon TCR engagement. Our results show for the first time, to our knowledge, an important role for CXCR3 and CXCL10 in the tissue distribution of preimmune MP cells

Membrane vesicles released by Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23 inhibit the biofilm formation of Salmonella Enteritidis

Abstract Biofilms represent a major concern in the food industry and healthcare. The use of probiotic bacteria and their derivatives as an alternative to conventional treatments to fight biofilm development is a promising option that has provided convincing results in the last decades. Recently, membrane vesicles (MVs) produced by probiotics have generated considerable interest due to the diversity of roles they have been associated with. However, the antimicrobial activity of probiotic MVs remains to be studied. In this work, we showed that membrane vesicles produced by Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23 (LC-MVs) exhibited strong antibiofilm activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) without affecting bacterial growth. Furthermore, we found that LC-MVs affected the early stages of S. Enteritidis biofilm development and prevented attachment of bacteria to polystyrene surfaces. Importantly, LC-MVs did not impact the biomass of already established biofilms. We also demonstrated that the antibiofilm activity depended on the proteins associated with the LC-MV fraction. Finally, two peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) were found to be associated with the antibiofilm activity of LC-MVs. Overall, this work allowed to identify the antibiofilm properties of LC-MVs and paved the way for the use of probiotic MVs against the development of negative biofilms