Arqueologies de la Guerra Civil

Les excavacions arqueològiques de contextos relacionats amb la Guerra Civil i el Franquisme que han proliferat al llarg dels últims anys han provocat un gran debat polític i sobretot social sobre les mancances democràtiques que actualment encara existeixen a l’estat espanyol i com s’hauria d’encarar aquest passat. El següent article pretén reflexionar sobre com l’arqueologia s’insereix en aquest debat a més de senyalar que pot aportar, quina metodologia s’utilitza, si es tracta únicament de tècniques arqueològiques o hauríem de parlar del naixement d’una nova disciplina, a més de reflexionar sobre els problemes de tot tipus que s’ha trobat en la seva aplicació

El poblamiento en los Pirineos occidentales catalanes ¿cambio o continuidad?

Jornadas de Jóvenes en Investigación Arqueológica, JIA (3as : 5-7 de mayo 2010 : Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona). Sesión 12. Demographic processes and cultural change : archaeological perspectives.En esta comunicación queremos exponer nuestro planteamiento de investigación destinado a verificar la existencia de distintos modelos de poblamiento en las zonas de alta montaña pirenaica, concretamente en la comarca del Pallars (Lleida, Pirineos Occidentales Catalanes) así como ofrecer los primeros resultados que corroboran esta hipótesis. Para ello hemos contrastado los datos ofrecidos por un etnólogo del principios del siglo XX sobre los modos de vida en la región con el registro arqueológico obtenido en sendas campañas de prospección en el Parque Nacional de Aigüestortes. La intención es comprobar en que medida el registro empírico se ajusta o no con el modelo de ganadería trashumante descrito en las fuentes etnográficas para poder inferir cambios en las practicas sociales a lo largo de la historia.In this paper we present our approach for research to verify the existence of different patterns of settlement in the high Pyrenean mountain areas, particularly in the Pallars (Lleida, Catalan Pyrenees Western) as well as providing the first results that confirm this hypothesis . To do this we have compared the works write by an anthropologist of the early twentieth century on lifestyles in the region with the archaeological record found in archaeological survey campaigns in the National Park Aigüestortes. The intention is to compare the archaeological register with the nomadic livestock model described in the ethnographic sources for try to infer changes in social practices throughout history.En aquesta comunicació volem exposar el nostre plantejament de recerca destinat a verificar l'existència de diferents models de poblament a les zones d'alta muntanya pirinenca, concretament a la comarca del Pallars (Lleida, Pirineus Occidentals Catalans) així com oferir els primers resultats que corroboren aquesta hipòtesi . Per això hem contrastat les dades ofertes per un etnòleg del principis del segle XX sobre les formes de vida a la regió amb el registre arqueològic obtingut en varies campanyes de prospecció al Parc Nacional d'Aigüestortes. La intenció és comprovar en quina mesura el registre empíric s'ajusta o no amb el model de ramaderia transhumant descrit en les fonts etnogràfiques per poder inferir canvis en les pràctiques socials al llarg de la història

Proton Stopping Power of Different Density Profile Plasmas

In this work, the stopping power of a partially ionized plasma is analyzed by means of free electron stopping and bound electron stopping. For the first one, the RPA dielectric function is used, and for the latter one, an interpolation of high and low projectile velocity formulas is used. The dynamical energy loss of an ion beam inside a plasma is estimated by using an iterative scheme of calculation. The Abel inversion is also applied when we have a plasma with radial symmetry. Finally, we compare our methods with two kind of plasmas. In the first one, we estimate the energy loss in a plasma created by a laser prepulse, whose density is approximated by a piecewise function. For the latter one, a radial electron density is supposed and the stopping is obtained as function of radius from the calculated lateral points. In both cases, the dependence with the density profile is observed.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figure

Supporting End-User Development through a New Composition Model: An Empirical Study

End-user development (EUD) is much hyped, and its impact has outstripped even the most optimistic forecasts. Even so, the vision of end users programming their own solutions has not yet materialized. This will continue to be so unless we in both industry and the research community set ourselves the ambitious challenge of devising end to end an end-user application development model for developing a new age of EUD tools. We have embarked on this venture, and this paper presents the main insights and outcomes of our research and development efforts as part of a number of successful EU research projects. Our proposal not only aims to reshape software engineering to meet the needs of EUD but also to refashion its components as solution building blocks instead of programs and software developments. This way, end users will really be empowered to build solutions based on artefacts akin to their expertise and understanding of ideal solution

Heat transfer and thermodynamics: A foundational problem in classical thermodynamics and in contemporary non-equilibrium thermodynamics

The search for generalized heat transport equations describing Fourier’s diffusive regime is a frontier in nanoscale technology and energy management, together with thermal waves, Ziman regime, phonon hydrodynamics, and ballistic heat transport, as well as their respective transitions. Here we discuss the close connection between this search and another, much less known aspect, namely, the exploration of new forms of entropy and of the second law of thermodynamics for fast and steep perturbations and high values of heat flux, which would make generalized transport equations compatible with the second law. We also draw several analogies between this situation and the confluence of Fourier and Carnot theories that resulted in a general formulation during the foundational period of thermodynamics. [Contrib Sci 11(2): 131-136 (2015)]Keywords: non-equilibrium thermodynamics · nanoscale heat transfer · local equilibrium · extended thermodynamics · non-equilibrium entrop

Extended irreversible thermodynamics and non-equilibrium temperature

We briefly review the concept of non-equilibrium temperature from the perspectives of extended irreversible thermodynamics, fluctuation theory, and statistical mechanics. The relations between different proposals are explicitly examined in two especially simple systems: an ideal gas in steady shear flow and a forced harmonic oscillator in a thermal bath. We examine with special detail temperatures related to the average molecular kinetic energy along different spatial directions, to the average configurational energy, to the derivative of the entropy with respect to internal energy, to fluctuation-dissipation relation and discuss their measuremen

NeuroHeal Treatment Alleviates Neuropathic Pain and Enhances Sensory Axon Regeneration

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) leads to the loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, and often triggers neuropathic pain. During the last years, many efforts have focused on finding new therapies to increase axonal regeneration or to alleviate painful conditions. Still only a few of them have targeted both phenomena. Incipient or aberrant sensory axon regeneration is related to abnormal unpleasant sensations, such as hyperalgesia or allodynia. We recently have discovered NeuroHeal, a combination of two repurposed drugs; Acamprosate and Ribavirin. NeuroHeal is a neuroprotective agent that also enhances motor axon regeneration after PNI. In this work, we investigated its effect on sensory fiber regeneration and PNI-induced painful sensations in a rat model of spare nerve injury and nerve crush. The follow up of the animals showed that NeuroHeal treatment reduced the signs of neuropathic pain in both models. Besides, the treatment favored sensory axon regeneration, as observed in dorsal root ganglion explants. Mechanistically, the effects observed in vivo may improve the resolution of cell-protective autophagy. Additionally, NeuroHeal treatment modulated the P2X4-BDNF-KCC2 axis, which is an essential driver of neuropathic pain. These data open a new therapeutic avenue based on autophagic modulation to foster endogenous regenerative mechanisms and reduce the appearance of neuropathic pain in PNI