Comparison of Affect and Cardiorespiratory Training Responses Between Structured Gym Activities and Traditional Aerobic Exercise in Children

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(1): 16-25, 2016. Physical activities (PA) that are pleasurable are likely to be repeated. Structured gym activities (SGA) are defined as dodging, chasing, and fleeing games. Traditional aerobic exercises (TAE) are defined as treadmill, cycle ergometer, and elliptical exercise. The purpose of this investigation was to compare affect and cardiorespiratory training responses between SGA and TAE in children. Thirty-two participants (9.3±0.2) were randomized to either the SGA or TAE group. Exercise training was seven weeks, with two sessions per week, for 35 minutes per session. Affect was measured by the (+5 (pleasurable) to -5 (displeasurable)) feelings scale. Affect was recorded at the mid-point and end of each exercise session. The 20-meter pacer test was used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline and post intervention. Affect responses and heart rates were averaged across all exercise sessions. The SGA group scored 2.77±0.2 affect units higher than the TAE group (p \u3c 0.0001). The TAE group significantly increased cardiorespiratory fitness (baseline 47.8±3.8; post 49.1±3.1 ml·kg-1·min-1; p = 0.023) with no change in the SGA group (baseline 46.3±3.5; post 47.2±2.7 ml·kg-1·min-1; p = 0.127). SGA reported more positive affect, suggesting they experienced greater pleasure during the exercise sessions than the TAE participants. SGA activities promote more positive affect, and therefore may increase children’s PA participation

Radio astronomy

The following subject areas are covered: (1) scientific opportunities (millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelength astronomy; meter to hectometer astronomy; the Sun, stars, pulsars, interstellar masers, and extrasolar planets; the planets, asteroids, and comets; radio galaxies, quasars, and cosmology; and challenges for radio astronomy in the 1990's); (2) recommendations for new facilities (the millimeter arrays, medium scale instruments, and small-scale projects); (3) continuing activities and maintenance, upgrading of telescopes and instrumentation; (4) long range programs and technology development; and (5) social, political, and organizational considerations

Antiviral drug discovery : preparing for the next pandemic

Acknowledgements The authors also gratefully acknowledge financial support from the South African Medical Research Council (MRC) with funds received from the South African National Department of Health and the UK Government's Newton Fund (R. A. D., RL. M. G., K. C.), the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EQATA (R. J. M. G.), the UK Global Challenge Research Fund (R. J. M. G., R. A. D.), the University of Cape Town (K. C.) and the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Innovation, administered through the South African National Research Foundation (NRF) to K. C. (UID: 64767) and R. A. D. (UID: 87583). C. S. A. acknowledges financial support for SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 research from UKMRC (CVG-1725-2020) and UKRI-DHSC (MR/Vo28464/1). The authors acknowledge Bronwyn Tweedie of the Rhodes University Print Services Unit who provided the graphics for Fig. 1 and thank Gordon Cragg for his insightful comments and encouragement during the preparation of this manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Microcathodoluminescence of Impurity Doping at Gallium Nitride/Sapphire Interfaces

We have used low-temperature cathodoluminescence spectroscopy (CLS) to probe the spatial distribution and energies of electronic defects near GaN/Al2O3 interfaces grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). Cross sectional secondary electron microscopy CLS shows systematic variations in impurity/defect emissions over a wide range of HVPE GaN/Sapphire electronic properties. These data, along with electrochemical capacitance–voltage profiling and secondary ion mass spectrometry, provide a consistent picture of near-interface doping by O diffusion from Al2O3 into GaN, over a range 100–1000 nm

CONTROL OF MYOPIA with NEARPOINT PLUS as a FUNCTION OF NEAR PHORIA Literature Review & Additional Prospective Data

Abstract Studies which have examined the effect of bifocals or progressive addition lenses on the progression of myopia in chil

Dynamic stabilization zone structure of jet diffusion flames from liftoff to blowout

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76733/1/AIAA-23512-341.pd

The Structure of the Oxygen-rich Supernova Remnant G292.0+1.8 from Chandra X-ray Images: Shocked Ejecta and Circumstellar Medium

We present results from the observation of the young Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) G292.0+1.8 with the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) on board the {\it Chandra X-ray Observatory}. In the 0.3 $-$ 8 keV band, the high resolution ACIS images reveal a complex morphology consisting of knots and filaments, as well as the blast wave around the periphery of the SNR. We present equivalent width (EW) maps for the elemental species O, Ne, Mg, and Si, which allow us to identify regions of enhanced metallicity in the SNR. G292.0+1.8 is bright in O, Ne, and Si; weaker in S and Ar; with little Fe. The EW and broad-band images indicate that the metal-rich ejecta are distributed primarily around the periphery of the SNR. The central belt-like structure has normal solar-type composition, strongly suggesting that it is primarily emission from shocked circumstellar medium rather than metal-rich ejecta. We propose that the belt traces its origin to enhanced mass loss in the star's equatorial plane during the slow, red supergiant phase. We also identify thin filaments with normal composition, centered on and extending nearly continuously around the outer boundary of the SNR. These may originate in a shell caused by the stellar winds from the massive progenitor in the red/blue supergiant phases, over-run by the blast wave.Comment: 5 pages, 2 color images, Accepted by ApJ Letters, The full article with better-quality figures can be obtained at http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/park/g292_1.ps.g

Practice activity trends among oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Australia

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe practice activity trends among oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Australia over time. METHODS: All registered oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Australia were surveyed in 1990 and 2000 using mailed self-complete questionnaires. RESULTS: Data were available from 79 surgeons from 1990 (response rate = 73.8%) and 116 surgeons from 2000 (response rate = 65.1%). The rate of provision of services per visit changed over time with increased rates observed overall (from 1.43 ± 0.05 services per visit in 1990 to 1.66 ± 0.06 services per visit in 2000), reflecting increases in pathology and reconstructive surgery. No change over time was observed in the provision of services per year (4,521 ± 286 services per year in 1990 and 4,503 ± 367 services per year in 2000). Time devoted to work showed no significant change over time (1,682 ± 75 hours per year in 1990 and 1,681 ± 94 hours per year in 2000), while the number of visits per week declined (70 ± 4 visits per week in 1990 to 58 ± 4 visits per week in 2000). CONCLUSIONS: The apparent stability in the volume of services provided per year reflected a counterbalancing of increased services provided per visit and a decrease in the number of visits supplied

Genome Analyses of an Aggressive and Invasive Lineage of the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen

Pest and pathogen losses jeopardise global food security and ever since the 19th century Irish famine, potato late blight has exemplified this threat. The causal oomycete pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, undergoes major population shifts in agricultural systems via the successive emergence and migration of asexual lineages. The phenotypic and genotypic bases of these selective sweeps are largely unknown but management strategies need to adapt to reflect the changing pathogen population. Here, we used molecular markers to document the emergence of a lineage, termed 13_A2, in the European P. infestans population, and its rapid displacement of other lineages to exceed 75% of the pathogen population across Great Britain in less than three years. We show that isolates of the 13_A2 lineage are among the most aggressive on cultivated potatoes, outcompete other aggressive lineages in the field, and overcome previously effective forms of plant host resistance. Genome analyses of a 13_A2 isolate revealed extensive genetic and expression polymorphisms particularly in effector genes. Copy number variations, gene gains and losses, amino-acid replacements and changes in expression patterns of disease effector genes within the 13_A2 isolate likely contribute to enhanced virulence and aggressiveness to drive this population displacement. Importantly, 13_A2 isolates carry intact and in planta induced Avrblb1, Avrblb2 and Avrvnt1 effector genes that trigger resistance in potato lines carrying the corresponding R immune receptor genes Rpi-blb1, Rpi-blb2, and Rpi-vnt1.1. These findings point towards a strategy for deploying genetic resistance to mitigate the impact of the 13_A2 lineage and illustrate how pathogen population monitoring, combined with genome analysis, informs the management of devastating disease epidemic