Microservices architecture

Сьогоднішні підприємства стикаються з багатьма проблемами які орієнтовані на клієнта в розподільних система. Парадигма мікросервісів стала «наступною великою річчю» для надання ІТ-результатів для підтримки сучасного підприємства, з безліччю постачальників технологій і послуг. Цей документ надає собою набір рекомендацій та кращих практик щодо ефективного використання та управління програмними компонентами підприємства, грунтуючись на кращих концепціях і практиці мікросервісної парадигми розробки програмного забезпечення.Today's Enterprises are facing many challenges in the service oriented, customer experience centric and customer demand driven global environment. Microservice paradigm has emerged as the "next big thing" for delivering IT outcomes to support the modern enterprise, with many technology vendors and. This paper presents a set of recommendations and best practices on the effective use and management of enterprise software components, drawing upon the best of Microservice concepts and practice

Evolution of genome architecture in archaea: spontaneous generation of a new chromosome in Haloferax volcanii

The common ancestry of archaea and eukaryotes is evident in their genome architecture. All eukaryotic and several archaeal genomes consist of multiple chromosomes, each replicated from multiple origins. Three scenarios have been proposed for the evolution of this genome architecture: (1) mutational diversification of a multi-copy chromosome; (2) capture of a new chromosome by horizontal transfer; (3) acquisition of new origins and splitting into two replication-competent chromosomes. We report an example of the third scenario: the multi-origin chromosome of the archaeon Haloferax volcanii has split into two elements via homologous recombination. The newly-generated elements are bona fide chromosomes, because each bears ‘chromosomal’ replication origins, rRNA loci and essential genes. The new chromosomes were stable during routine growth but additional genetic manipulation, which involves selective bottlenecks, provoked further rearrangements. To the best of our knowledge, rearrangement of a naturally-evolved prokaryotic genome to generate two new chromosomes has not been described previously

Airborne chemical pollution and children’s asthma incidence rate in Minsk

Introduction: Asthma, as a multifactorial disease is closely connected with air pollution. Discovering interconnection between concentrations of air pollutants and asthma incidence rate among children provides information for developing effective measures to reduce air pollution and improve population health. Study purpose was to carry out hygienic analysis of the influence of atmospheric air quality on the incidence rate of bronchial asthma and the asthmatic status of children in Minsk in 2009-2018. Methods: During 2019 retrospective health cohort study was conducted, data from stationary air quality monitoring posts were collected. Correlation analysis was conducted by determining the Pearson rank correlation coefficient. Results: Strong evidence was found for concentrations of particulate matter (dust / aerosol undifferentiated in composition), lead, ammonia and nitrogen dioxide making a significant contribution to the formation of elevated asthma and asthmatic status morbidity. The age group of risk are children under the age of 9 years (inclusive). Conclusions: Patterns obtained in this study are confirmed by the results of other studies (Wang et al. 2017; Orellano et al. 2017). Nevertheless, the main limitations in study are associated with the heterogeneity of the distribution of air quality monitoring posts and the changing list of controlled pollutants for the analyzed period

Возможности конусно-лучевой компьютерной томографии при оценке изменений суставов кисти и запястья у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом

There is a high general and primary morbidity of rheumatoid arthritis in Russian Federation subjects. Diagnosis of this disease in daily practice is based on the assessment of clinical manifestations, laboratory markers and results of radiological methods of investigation, an X-ray among which is still leading. However, standard radiography allows assessing bone structure modification not in all the cases. Nowadays in the diagnostic algorithm for structural changes estimation of musculoskeletal system the high-tech technique of cone-beam computed tomography is gradually adopting. Purpose: the comparative analysis of standard radiography and cone-beam computed tomography in the hand and wrist joints pathological changes detection in rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and methods. The results of hand and wrist standard radiography and cone-beam computed tomography of 42 patients in rheumatoid arthritis in anamnesis have been analyzed. Results. Cone-beam computed tomography showed a significant advantage in assessment of the hand and wrist joints changes regardless of the disease stage in all the patients from the observation group. Conclusion. Taking into consideration low radiation dose, high spatial resolution with the ability to identify structural remodeling spots in size from 1 mm and relatively low direct cost of the study, cone-beam computed tomography could be considered as the methodology of the first step in diagnosis of the hand and wrist joints changes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, this technique could be used in the dynamics, while monitoring the effectiveness of the therapy, replacing gradually standard radiography.В субъектах Российской Федерации отмечается высокая общая и первичная заболеваемость ревматоидным артритом. Диагностика этого заболевания в повседневной практике основывается на оценке клинических проявлений, лабораторных маркеров и результатов лучевых методов исследования, ведущим среди которых до сих пор является рентгенологический. Однако стандартная рентгенография далеко не во всех случаях позволяет детально оценить патологическую перестройку костной структуры. В настоящее время для оценки структурных изменений костно-суставной системы в диагностический алгоритм постепенно внедряется высокотехнологичная методика конусно-лучевой КТ Цель исследования: сравнительный анализ возможностей стандартной рентгенографии и конусно-лучевой КТ в выявлении изменений суставов кисти и запястья при ревматоидном артрите. Материал и методы. Проанализированы результаты стандартной рентгенографии и конусно-лучевой КТ кистей 42 пациентов с ревматоидным артритом в анамнезе. Результаты. При оценке изменений суставов кисти и запястья отмечали достоверное преимущество конусно-лучевой КТ, выполненной пациентам из группы наблюдения вне зависимости от стадии течения заболевания. Заключение. Учитывая низкую лучевую нагрузку на пациента, высокое пространственное разрешение с возможностью выявления очагов структурных изменений размерами от 1 мм, а также сравнительно низкие прямые затраты на исследование, конусно-лучевая КТ может рассматриваться как приоритетное исследование первого этапа для диагностики изменений суставов кисти и запястья у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом. Кроме того, данная методика может применяться в динамике, при контроле эффективности проводимой терапии, постепенно заменяя стандартную рентгенографию

miRNA Pathway Alteration in Response to Non-Coding RNA Delivery in Viral Vector-Based Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is widely used to treat incurable disorders and has become a routine procedure in clinical practice. Since viruses can exhibit specific tropisms, effectively penetrate the cell, and are easy to use, most gene therapy approaches are based on viral delivery of genetic material. However, viral vectors have some disadvantages, such as immune response and cytotoxicity induced by a disturbance of cell metabolism, including miRNA pathways that are an important part of transcription regulation. Therefore, any viral-based gene therapy approach involves the evaluation of side effects and safety. It is possible for such effects to be caused either by the viral vectors themselves or by the delivered genetic material. Many gene therapy techniques use non-coding RNA delivery as an effective agent for gene expression regulation, with the risk of cellular miRNA pathways being affected due to the nature of the non-coding RNAs. This review describes the effect of viral vector entry and non-coding RNA delivery by these vectors on miRNA signaling pathways

Evolution of genome architecture in archaea: spontaneous generation of a new chromosome in Haloferax volcanii

The common ancestry of archaea and eukaryotes is evident in their genome architecture. All eukaryotic and several archaeal genomes consist of multiple chromosomes, each replicated from multiple origins. Three scenarios have been proposed for the evolution of this genome architecture: (1) mutational diversification of a multi-copy chromosome; (2) capture of a new chromosome by horizontal transfer; (3) acquisition of new origins and splitting into two replication-competent chromosomes. We report an example of the third scenario: the multi-origin chromosome of the archaeon Haloferax volcanii has split into two elements via homologous recombination. The newly-generated elements are bona fide chromosomes, because each bears ‘chromosomal’ replication origins, rRNA loci and essential genes. The new chromosomes were stable during routine growth but additional genetic manipulation, which involves selective bottlenecks, provoked further rearrangements. To the best of our knowledge, rearrangement of a naturally-evolved prokaryotic genome to generate two new chromosomes has not been described previously

Influence of the Composition of Cationic Liposomes on the Performance of Cargo Immunostimulatory RNA

In this study, the impact of different delivery systems on the cytokine-inducing, antiproliferative, and antitumor activities of short immunostimulatory double-stranded RNA (isRNA) was investigated. The delivery systems, consisting of the polycationic amphiphile 1,26-bis(cholest-5-en-3-yloxycarbonylamino)-7,11,16,20 tetraazahexacosan tetrahydrochloride (2X3), and the lipid-helper dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), were equipped with polyethylene glycol lipoconjugates differing in molecular weight and structure. The main findings of this work are as follows: (i) significant activation of MCP-1 and INF-α, β, and γ production in CBA mice occurs under the action of isRNA complexes with liposomes containing lipoconjugates with long PEG chains, while activation of MCP-1 and INF-γ, but not INF-α or β, was observed under the action of isRNA lipoplexes containing lipoconjugates with short PEG chains; (ii) a pronounced antiproliferative effect on B16 melanoma cells in vitro, as well as an antitumor and hepatoprotective effect in vivo, was induced by isRNA pre-complexes with non-pegylated liposomes, while complexes containing lipoconjugates with long-chain liposomes were inactive; (iii) the antitumor activity of isRNA correlated with the efficiency of its accumulation in the cells and did not explicitly depend on the activation of cytokine and interferon production. Thus, the structure of the delivery system plays a vital role in determining the response to isRNA and allows for the choice of a delivery system depending on the desired effect

Influence of Lipid Composition of Cationic Liposomes 2X3-DOPE on mRNA Delivery into Eukaryotic Cells

The design of cationic liposomes for efficient mRNA delivery can significantly improve mRNA-based therapies. Lipoplexes based on polycationic lipid 1,26-bis(cholest-5-en-3β-yloxycarbonylamino)-7,11,16,20-tetraazahexacosane tetrahydrochloride (2X3) and helper lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) were formulated in different molar ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) to efficiently deliver model mRNAs to BHK-21 and A549. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of 2X3-DOPE composition as well as lipid-to-mRNA ratio (amino-to-phosphate group ratio, N/P) on mRNA transfection. We found that lipoplex-mediated transfection efficiency depends on both liposome composition and the N/P ratio. Lipoplexes with an N/P ratio of 10/1 showed nanometric hydrodynamic size, positive ζ potential, maximum loading, and transfection efficiency. Liposomes 2X3-DOPE (1:3) provided the superior delivery of both mRNA coding firefly luciferase and mRNA-eGFP into BHK-21 cells and A549 cells, compared with commercial Lipofectamine MessengerMax