44 research outputs found

    Gene therapies in pediatric ophthalmology

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    Genetic pediatric eye disease frequently leads to severe vision impairment or blindness. Voretigene neparvovec is the first approved gene therapy for an inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD). Voretigene neparvovec has been shown to be well tolerated and safe, with encouraging results in terms of efficacy, mainly when administered early in childhood. While we assisted at the first gene therapy available in clinical practice for an IRD, some questions remain unanswered, especially when gene therapy is delivered in young children. We review here the most recent reports and promising ongoing studies concerning various approaches on gene therapy in pediatric ophthalmology

    The FLURESP European commission project. cost-effectiveness assessment of ten public health measures against influenza in Italy. is there an interest in COVID-19 pandemic?

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    Background: The FLURESP project is a public health research funded by the European Commission, with the objective to design a methodological framework to assess the cost-effectiveness of existing public health measures against human influenza pandemics. A dataset has been specifically collected in the frame of the Italian health system. As most of interventions against human influenza are relavant against other respiratory diseases pandemics, potential interests in COVID-19 are discussed. Methods: Ten public health measures against human influenza pandemics pandemic were selected to be also relevant to other respiratory virus pandemics such as COVID 19: individual (hand washing, using masks), border control (quarantine, fever screening, border closure), community infection (school closure, class dismissal, social distancing, limitation of public transport), reduction of secondary infections (implementation of antibiotic therapy guidelines), pneumococcal vaccination for at-risk people, development of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) capacity, implementation of life support equipments in ICU, screening interventions, vaccination programs targeting health professional and targeting general population. Results: Using mortality reduction as effectiveness criteria, the most cost-effective strategies are "reduction of secondary infections" and "implementation of life support equipment in ICU". The least cost-effective option whatever the level of pandemic events are screening interventions and mass vaccination. Conclusions: A number of intervention strategies against human influenza pandemics appears relevant against every respiratory virus, including the COVID-19 event. Measures against pandemics should be considered according to their expected effectiveness but also their costs for the society because they impose substantial burden to the population, confirming the interest of considering cost-effectiveness of public health measures to enlighten decision making

    Metabolic alterations, HFE gene mutations and atherogenic lipoprotein modifications in patients with primary iron overload

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    Abstract Iron overload (IO) has been associated with glucose metabolism alterations and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Primary IO is associated with mutations in the HFE gene. To which extent HFE gene mutations and metabolic alterations contribute to the presence of atherogenic lipoprotein modifications in primary IO remains undetermined. The present study aimed to assess small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, chemical composition of LDL and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, and HDL functionality in IO patients. Eighteen male patients with primary IO and 16 sex-and age-matched controls were recruited. HFE mutations (C282Y, H63D and S65C), measures of insulin sensitivity and secretion (calculated from the oral glucose tolerance test), chemical composition and distribution profile of LDL and HDL subfractions (isolated by gradient density ultracentrifugation) and HDL functionality (as cholesterol efflux and antioxidative activity) were studied. IO patients compared with controls exhibited insulin resistance (HOMA-IR (homoeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance): +93 %, P < 0.001). Metabolic profiles differed across HFE genotypes. C282Y homozygotes (n = 7) presented a reduced ÎČ-cell function and insulin secretion compared with non-C282Y patients (n = 11) (−58 % and −73 %, respectively, P < 0.05). In addition, C282Y homozygotes featured a predominance of large, buoyant LDL particles (C282Y: 43 + − 5; non-C282Y: 25 + − 8; controls: 32 + − 7 %; P < 0.001), whereas non-C282Y patients presented higher amounts of small, dense LDL (C282Y: 23 + − 5; non-C282Y: 39 + − 10; controls: 26 + − 4 %; P < 0.01). HDL particles were altered in C282Y homozygotes. However, HDL functionality was conserved. In conclusion, metabolic alterations and HFE gene mutations are involved in the presence of atherogenic lipoprotein modifications in primary IO. To what extent such alterations could account for an increase in CVD risk remains to be determined

    Diagnosis and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Argentine Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, year 2019

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    El hĂ­gado graso no alcohĂłlico (HGNA) es la enfermedad hepĂĄtica crĂłnica mĂĄs frecuente en todo el mundo, con una prevalencia aproximada de 25% a nivel global. Su prevalencia es mucho mayor en pacientes con sobrepeso, obesidad y diabetes tipo 2 y es considerada como la manifestaciĂłn hepĂĄtica del sĂ­ndrome metabĂłlico. El espectro de la enfermedad hepĂĄtica es muy amplio, desde la esteatosis simple a la esteatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrosis y sus complicaciones, como el hepatocarcinoma. La mayorĂ­a de los pacientes afectados no progresarĂĄ a la fibrosis avanzada/cirrosis. A pesar de esto, se ha descripto que la hepatopatĂ­a es la tercera causa de muerte entre los pacientes con HGNA, luego de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y las malignas. Entre la enorme cantidad de afectados, lo mĂĄs importante es identificar a los que estĂĄn en riesgo de evoluciĂłn a la cirrosis o sus complicaciones y conocer las opciones de diagnĂłstico y tratamiento. En esta GuĂ­a organizada por la AsociaciĂłn Argentina para el Estudio de las Enfermedades del HĂ­gado se revisan las definiciones, los aspectos epidemiolĂłgicos, la historia natural y un enfoque prĂĄctico sobre algoritmos posibles para estimar la gravedad de la hepatopatĂ­a en cada caso, ademĂĄs de analizar los avances en el tratamiento y recomendaciones para el seguimiento. Es importante señalar que no se han publicado datos sobre incidencia o prevalencia de la enfermedad en poblaciĂłn general de Argentina, y se alienta a la realizaciĂłn de los mismos.. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent chronic liver disease worldwide, with an estimated global prevalence of approximately 25%, that is much higher in patients with overweight, obesity and type 2 diabetes. NAFLD is considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. It has a wide spectrum, from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and its complications, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Most of the affected patients will not evolve to advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Despite this, it has been described that the hepatic disease is the third cause of death among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver, after cardiovascular and malignant diseases. Among the huge number of patients affected, the main challenge is to identify those who are at risk of developing cirrhosis or its complications and to recognize the diagnostic and treatment options. In this Guideline, endorsed by the Argentine Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the definitions, epidemiological aspects, natural history and a practical approach to possible algorithms to estimate the severity of liver disease in the individual patient are reviewed; in addition to analyzing advances in treatment and proposing recommendations for follow-up. It is important to note that no data on the incidence or prevalence of the disease have been published in the general population of Argentina, and it is encouraged to carry them out.Fil: Fassio, Eduardo. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Dirchwolf, Melisa. Hospital Privado de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Barreyro, Fernando Javier. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, QuĂ­micas y Naturales. Departamento de MicrobiologĂ­a; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Adrover, RaĂșl. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Alonso, M. InĂ©s. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Amante, Marcelo. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Ameigeiras, Beatriz. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Barreyro, Fernando J.. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Benavides, Javier. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Bessone, Fernando. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Cairo, Fernando. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Camino, Alejandra. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Cañero Velasco, M. Cristina. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Casciato, Paola. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Cocozzella, Daniel. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Daruich, Jorge. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: De Matteo, Elena. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Dirchwolf, Melisa. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Fassio, Eduardo. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: FernĂĄndez, JosĂ© Luis. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: FernĂĄndez, Nora. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Ferretti, SebastiĂĄn. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Figueroa, SebastiĂĄn. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Galoppo, Marcela. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Godoy, Alicia. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: GonzĂĄlez Ballerga, Esteban. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Graffigna, Mabel. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Guma, Carlos. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Lagues, Cecilia. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Marino, MĂłnica. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: MendizĂĄbal, Manuel. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Mesquida, Marcelo. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Odzak, Andrea. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Peralta, Mirta. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Ridruejo, Ezequiel. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Ruffillo, Gabriela. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: SordĂĄ, Juan A.. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Tanno, Mario. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Villamil, Alejandra. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Colombato, Luis. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Fainboim, Hugo. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Gadano, AdriĂĄn. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Galoppo, Cristina. No especifĂ­ca;Fil: Villamil, Federico. No especifĂ­ca

    Mécanismes de mort cellulaire dans le décollement de rétine : vers des thérapies neuroprotectrices

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    Retinal detachment (RD) is the separation of the neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium by subretinal fluid (SFR) accumulation. Photoreceptor cell death begins as early as 12 hours, which leads to irreversible visual impairment. Modern vitreoretinal surgery allows the anatomical reapplication of the retina in most cases. However, visual recovery is partial and 50% of patients recover less than 20/50 visual acuity. A neuroprotective therapy, adjuvant to surgery, and targeting photoreceptor cells death is therefore critical to improve visual outcome after RD. In addition, experimental RD is a model of rapid photoreceptor degeneration that correlates well with human pathology, and involves several mechanisms of cell death allowing the study of neuroprotective strategies. Since previous works demonstrated that retinal iron overload exacerbates cell death in various degenerative retinal diseases, we first assessed iron as therapeutic target in RD. In the vitreous from patients with RD, iron level and saturation of transferrin (an endogenous transporter of iron) were increased compared to controls. Higher iron concentrations was correlated with poorer postoperative visual recovery. In murine ex vivo and in vivo RD models, where iron induced immediate necrosis and delayed apoptosis, transferrin protected against both types of cell death. Using RNA sequencing, pathways mediating the neuroprotective effects of transferrin were identified. Secondly, we explored the ocular bioavailability in patients, and the neuroprotective properties in animals, of Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a bile acid approved for the treatment of hepatic cholestasis. Tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), the taurine conjugate of UDCA, has previously shown neuroprotective effects in an in vivo model of RD. However, unlike UDCA, it is not commercialized as drug formulation, delaying its clinical evaluation. We observed that UDCA administered orally in patients with RD can cross the blood-retinal barrier according to the extension of its rupture. Higher concentrations of UDCA in SRF of RD patients were correlated with better visual recovery. At the concentration ranges measured in ocular fluids from patients, UDCA decreased apoptosis and necrosis in three ex vivo RD rat models. In conclusion, using a translational strategy, we targeted two potential therapies adjuvants to surgery in RD, which also opens perspectives for other degenerative retinal diseases.Le dĂ©collement de rĂ©tine (DR) est la sĂ©paration de la rĂ©tine neurosensorielle de l'Ă©pithĂ©lium pigmentaire rĂ©tinien. Il se caractĂ©rise par une accumulation de liquide sous-rĂ©tinien et une mort des photorĂ©cepteurs dĂšs 12 heures qui conduit Ă  une altĂ©ration irrĂ©versible de la vision. La chirurgie vitrĂ©o-rĂ©tinienne moderne permet la rĂ©-application anatomique de la rĂ©tine dans la plupart des cas. Cependant, la rĂ©cupĂ©ration visuelle est limitĂ©e, et la moitiĂ© des patients auront une acuitĂ© visuelle infĂ©rieure Ă  4/10. La protection des photorĂ©cepteurs est donc essentielle pour amĂ©liorer la rĂ©cupĂ©ration fonctionnelle aprĂšs DR, d'oĂč l'intĂ©rĂȘt de chercher des molĂ©cules neuroprotectrices adjuvantes Ă  la chirurgie. De plus, le DR expĂ©rimental constitue un modĂšle de dĂ©gĂ©nĂ©rescence rapide des photorĂ©cepteurs bien corrĂ©lĂ© Ă  la pathologie chez l'homme, qui implique plusieurs mĂ©canismes de mort cellulaire favorisant ainsi l'Ă©tude des stratĂ©gies neuroprotectrices. Des travaux antĂ©rieurs ont dĂ©montrĂ© que l'excĂšs de fer participe Ă  la mort des photorĂ©cepteurs dans plusieurs maladies dĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives de la rĂ©tine. Nous avons donc Ă©valuĂ© dans un premier temps, le fer en tant que cible thĂ©rapeutique dans le DR. Nous avons mesurĂ© une concentration de fer et un pourcentage de saturation de la transferrine, protĂ©ine endogĂšne capable de transporter le fer en excĂšs, plus Ă©levĂ©s dans le vitrĂ© de patients atteints de DR que de patients tĂ©moins. Une plus haute concentration en fer Ă©tait corrĂ©lĂ©e Ă  une moins bonne rĂ©cupĂ©ration visuelle postopĂ©ratoire. Dans des modĂšles murins de DR ex vivo et in vivo, oĂč le fer induisait une nĂ©crose immĂ©diate et une apoptose retardĂ©e, la transferrine protĂ©geait contre les deux types de mort cellulaire. Par sĂ©quençage d'ARN, les voies impliquĂ©es dans les effets neuroprotecteurs de la transferrine, au-delĂ  de ses propriĂ©tĂ©s comme chĂ©lateur du fer, ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©es. Dans un deuxiĂšme temps, nous avons explorĂ© la biodisponibilitĂ© oculaire chez des patients atteints de DR et les propriĂ©tĂ©s neuroprotectrices chez l'animal d'une autre molĂ©cule candidate, l'acide ursodĂ©soxycholique (UDCA), un acide biliaire commercialisĂ© pour le traitement de la cholestase hĂ©patique. L'acide tauro-ursodĂ©soxycholique (TUDCA), le conjuguĂ© taurinique d'UDCA, a prĂ©cĂ©demment montrĂ© des effets neuroprotecteurs dans un modĂšle de DR in vivo. Cependant, Ă  la diffĂ©rence d'UDCA, TUDCA n'est pas commercialisĂ© sous forme galĂ©nique, retardant son Ă©valuation clinique. Nous avons observĂ© qu'UDCA administrĂ© oralement en prĂ©opĂ©ratoire chez des patients atteints de DR, traversait la barriĂšre hĂ©mato-rĂ©tinienne en fonction de l'Ă©tendu de sa rupture. Des concentrations plus Ă©levĂ©es d'UDCA dans les liquides oculaires des patients Ă©taient corrĂ©lĂ©es Ă  une meilleure rĂ©cupĂ©ration visuelle postopĂ©ratoire. UDCA, aux concentrations retrouvĂ©es dans les liquides oculaires de patients, diminuait l'apoptose et la nĂ©crose dans trois modĂšles ex vivo de DR chez le rat. En conclusion, en utilisant une stratĂ©gie de recherche translationnelle, nous avons explorĂ© deux potentiels adjuvants thĂ©rapeutiques Ă  la chirurgie de DR, ouvrant Ă©galement des perspectives d'utilisation dans d'autres maladies dĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives de la rĂ©tine

    Cell death mechanisms in retinal detachment : towards neuroprotective therapies

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    Le dĂ©collement de rĂ©tine (DR) est la sĂ©paration de la rĂ©tine neurosensorielle de l'Ă©pithĂ©lium pigmentaire rĂ©tinien. Il se caractĂ©rise par une accumulation de liquide sous-rĂ©tinien et une mort des photorĂ©cepteurs dĂšs 12 heures qui conduit Ă  une altĂ©ration irrĂ©versible de la vision. La chirurgie vitrĂ©o-rĂ©tinienne moderne permet la rĂ©-application anatomique de la rĂ©tine dans la plupart des cas. Cependant, la rĂ©cupĂ©ration visuelle est limitĂ©e, et la moitiĂ© des patients auront une acuitĂ© visuelle infĂ©rieure Ă  4/10. La protection des photorĂ©cepteurs est donc essentielle pour amĂ©liorer la rĂ©cupĂ©ration fonctionnelle aprĂšs DR, d'oĂč l'intĂ©rĂȘt de chercher des molĂ©cules neuroprotectrices adjuvantes Ă  la chirurgie. De plus, le DR expĂ©rimental constitue un modĂšle de dĂ©gĂ©nĂ©rescence rapide des photorĂ©cepteurs bien corrĂ©lĂ© Ă  la pathologie chez l'homme, qui implique plusieurs mĂ©canismes de mort cellulaire favorisant ainsi l'Ă©tude des stratĂ©gies neuroprotectrices. Des travaux antĂ©rieurs ont dĂ©montrĂ© que l'excĂšs de fer participe Ă  la mort des photorĂ©cepteurs dans plusieurs maladies dĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives de la rĂ©tine. Nous avons donc Ă©valuĂ© dans un premier temps, le fer en tant que cible thĂ©rapeutique dans le DR. Nous avons mesurĂ© une concentration de fer et un pourcentage de saturation de la transferrine, protĂ©ine endogĂšne capable de transporter le fer en excĂšs, plus Ă©levĂ©s dans le vitrĂ© de patients atteints de DR que de patients tĂ©moins. Une plus haute concentration en fer Ă©tait corrĂ©lĂ©e Ă  une moins bonne rĂ©cupĂ©ration visuelle postopĂ©ratoire. Dans des modĂšles murins de DR ex vivo et in vivo, oĂč le fer induisait une nĂ©crose immĂ©diate et une apoptose retardĂ©e, la transferrine protĂ©geait contre les deux types de mort cellulaire. Par sĂ©quençage d'ARN, les voies impliquĂ©es dans les effets neuroprotecteurs de la transferrine, au-delĂ  de ses propriĂ©tĂ©s comme chĂ©lateur du fer, ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©es. Dans un deuxiĂšme temps, nous avons explorĂ© la biodisponibilitĂ© oculaire chez des patients atteints de DR et les propriĂ©tĂ©s neuroprotectrices chez l'animal d'une autre molĂ©cule candidate, l'acide ursodĂ©soxycholique (UDCA), un acide biliaire commercialisĂ© pour le traitement de la cholestase hĂ©patique. L'acide tauro-ursodĂ©soxycholique (TUDCA), le conjuguĂ© taurinique d'UDCA, a prĂ©cĂ©demment montrĂ© des effets neuroprotecteurs dans un modĂšle de DR in vivo. Cependant, Ă  la diffĂ©rence d'UDCA, TUDCA n'est pas commercialisĂ© sous forme galĂ©nique, retardant son Ă©valuation clinique. Nous avons observĂ© qu'UDCA administrĂ© oralement en prĂ©opĂ©ratoire chez des patients atteints de DR, traversait la barriĂšre hĂ©mato-rĂ©tinienne en fonction de l'Ă©tendu de sa rupture. Des concentrations plus Ă©levĂ©es d'UDCA dans les liquides oculaires des patients Ă©taient corrĂ©lĂ©es Ă  une meilleure rĂ©cupĂ©ration visuelle postopĂ©ratoire. UDCA, aux concentrations retrouvĂ©es dans les liquides oculaires de patients, diminuait l'apoptose et la nĂ©crose dans trois modĂšles ex vivo de DR chez le rat. En conclusion, en utilisant une stratĂ©gie de recherche translationnelle, nous avons explorĂ© deux potentiels adjuvants thĂ©rapeutiques Ă  la chirurgie de DR, ouvrant Ă©galement des perspectives d'utilisation dans d'autres maladies dĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives de la rĂ©tine.Retinal detachment (RD) is the separation of the neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium by subretinal fluid (SFR) accumulation. Photoreceptor cell death begins as early as 12 hours, which leads to irreversible visual impairment. Modern vitreoretinal surgery allows the anatomical reapplication of the retina in most cases. However, visual recovery is partial and 50% of patients recover less than 20/50 visual acuity. A neuroprotective therapy, adjuvant to surgery, and targeting photoreceptor cells death is therefore critical to improve visual outcome after RD. In addition, experimental RD is a model of rapid photoreceptor degeneration that correlates well with human pathology, and involves several mechanisms of cell death allowing the study of neuroprotective strategies. Since previous works demonstrated that retinal iron overload exacerbates cell death in various degenerative retinal diseases, we first assessed iron as therapeutic target in RD. In the vitreous from patients with RD, iron level and saturation of transferrin (an endogenous transporter of iron) were increased compared to controls. Higher iron concentrations was correlated with poorer postoperative visual recovery. In murine ex vivo and in vivo RD models, where iron induced immediate necrosis and delayed apoptosis, transferrin protected against both types of cell death. Using RNA sequencing, pathways mediating the neuroprotective effects of transferrin were identified. Secondly, we explored the ocular bioavailability in patients, and the neuroprotective properties in animals, of Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a bile acid approved for the treatment of hepatic cholestasis. Tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), the taurine conjugate of UDCA, has previously shown neuroprotective effects in an in vivo model of RD. However, unlike UDCA, it is not commercialized as drug formulation, delaying its clinical evaluation. We observed that UDCA administered orally in patients with RD can cross the blood-retinal barrier according to the extension of its rupture. Higher concentrations of UDCA in SRF of RD patients were correlated with better visual recovery. At the concentration ranges measured in ocular fluids from patients, UDCA decreased apoptosis and necrosis in three ex vivo RD rat models. In conclusion, using a translational strategy, we targeted two potential therapies adjuvants to surgery in RD, which also opens perspectives for other degenerative retinal diseases

    Sustained-Release Steroids for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema

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    Glucocorticoids have been used for decades in the treatment of ocular disorders via topical, periocular, and more recently intravitreal routes. However, their exact mechanisms of action on ocular tissues remain imperfectly understood. Fortunately, two recently approved intravitreal sustained-release drug delivery systems have opened new perspectives for these very potent drugs. To date, among other retinal conditions, their label includes diabetic macular edema, for which a long-lasting therapeutic effect has been demonstrated both morphologically and functionally in several randomized clinical trials. The rate of ocular complications of intravitreal sustained-release steroids, mainly cataract formation and intraocular pressure elevation, is higher than with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. Yet, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these adverse effects and the search for the minimal efficient dose should help optimize their therapeutic window

    Review: The bile acids urso- and tauroursodeoxycholic acid as neuroprotective therapies in retinal disease

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    International audienceBile acids are produced in the liver and excreted into the intestine, where their main function is to participate in lipid digestion. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) have shown antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects in various models of neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms through which these bile acids act as neuroprotectors, delaying translation to the clinical setting. We review evidence supporting a potentially therapeutic role for bile acids in retinal disorders, and the mechanisms and pathways involved in the cytoprotective effects of bile acids from the liver and the enterohepatic circulation to the central nervous system and the retina. As secondary bile acids are generated by the microbiota metabolism, bile acids might be a link between neurodegenerative retinal diseases and microbiota

    Rétinopathie du prématuré : de la prévention au traitement

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    International audienceLa rĂ©tinopathie du prĂ©maturĂ© (ROP) est la principale cause Ă©vitable de cĂ©citĂ© infantile. Son incidence augmente avec la survie de nouveau-nĂ©s extrĂȘmement prĂ©maturĂ©s. La ROP est une pathologie multi-factorielle du dĂ©veloppement de la rĂ©tine et du rĂ©seau vasculaire rĂ©tinien, impliquant des facteurs oxygĂ©no-dĂ©pendants et nutritionnels. La multiplicitĂ© des facteurs participant Ă  la survenue de la ROP plaide en faveur de stratĂ©gies prĂ©ventives complĂ©mentaires et synergiques, telles que le contrĂŽle rigoureux de l’oxygĂ©nothĂ©rapie, l’optimisation des apports nutritionnels et de la croissance post-natale, l’allaitement maternel, un apport suffisant en AGPI-ω-3 et le contrĂŽle des Ă©pisodes hyperglycĂ©miques liĂ©s Ă  la prĂ©maturitĂ©. La ROP nĂ©cessite une prise en charge multidisciplinaire, qui inclut un dĂ©pistage systĂ©matique, un traitement adaptĂ© et un suivi Ă  long terme. Les modalitĂ©s actuelles de dĂ©pistage font appel Ă  une camĂ©ra grand-champ, permettant Ă©galement un dĂ©pistage par tĂ©lĂ©mĂ©decine. Le traitement de rĂ©fĂ©rence de la ROP demeure la photocoagulation au laser. Il peut ĂȘtre associĂ© Ă  des injections intravitrĂ©ennes d’anticorps anti-VEGF, en cours d’évaluation, ou Ă  la chirurgie pour les stades avancĂ©s
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