407 research outputs found
Goodness-of-Fit tests with Dependent Observations
We revisit the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Cram\'er-von Mises goodness-of-fit
(GoF) tests and propose a generalisation to identically distributed, but
dependent univariate random variables. We show that the dependence leads to a
reduction of the "effective" number of independent observations. The
generalised GoF tests are not distribution-free but rather depend on all the
lagged bivariate copulas. These objects, that we call "self-copulas", encode
all the non-linear temporal dependences. We introduce a specific, log-normal
model for these self-copulas, for which a number of analytical results are
derived. An application to financial time series is provided. As is well known,
the dependence is to be long-ranged in this case, a finding that we confirm
using self-copulas. As a consequence, the acceptance rates for GoF tests are
substantially higher than if the returns were iid random variables.Comment: 26 page
Allergic proctocolitis refractory to maternal hypoallergenic diet in exclusively breast-fed infants: a clinical observation
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Allergic proctocolitis (APC) in exclusively breast-fed infants is caused by food proteins, deriving from maternal diet, transferred through lactation. In most cases a maternal cow milk-free diet leads to a prompt resolution of rectal bleeding, while in some patients a multiple food allergy can occur. The aim of this study was to assess whether the atopy patch test (APT) could be helpful to identify this subgroup of patients requiring to discontinue breast-feeding due to polisensitization. Additionally, we assessed the efficacy of an amino acid-based formula (AAF) when multiple food allergy is suspected. amino acid-based formula</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We have prospectively enrolled 14 exclusively breast-fed infants with APC refractory to maternal allergen avoidance. The diagnosis was confirmed by endoscopy with biopsies. Skin prick tests and serum specific IgE for common foods, together with APTs for common foods plus breast milk, were performed. After a 1 month therapy of an AAF all patients underwent a follow-up rectosigmoidoscopy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Prick tests and serum specific IgE were negative. APTs were positive in 100% infants, with a multiple positivity in 50%. Sensitization was found for breast milk in 100%, cow's milk (50%), soy (28%), egg (21%), rice (14%), wheat (7%). Follow-up rectosigmoidoscopy confirmed the remission of APC in all infants.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These data suggest that APT might become a useful tool to identify subgroups of infants with multiple gastrointestinal food allergy involving a delayed immunogenic mechanism, with the aim to avoid unnecessary maternal dietary restrictions before discontinuing breast-feeding.</p
The Salmonella effector SseJ disrupts microtubule dynamics when ectopically expressed in Normal Rat Kidney cells
Salmonella effector protein SseJ is secreted by Salmonella into the host cell cytoplasm where it can then modify host cell processes. Whilst host cell small GTPase RhoA has previously been shown to activate the acyl-transferase activity of SseJ we show here an un-described effect of SseJ protein production upon microtubule dynamism. SseJ prevents microtubule collapse and this is independent of SseJ's acyl-transferase activity. We speculate that the effects of SseJ on microtubules would be mediated via its known interactions with the small GTPases of the Rho family
Sequential Analysis of Trans-SNARE Formation in Intracellular Membrane Fusion
SM proteins stabilize cis-SNARE complexes leading to a specific preferred topology for trans-SNARE formation
Influence of alpine mountain climate of Bavaria on patients with atopic diseases: studies at the Environmental Research Station Schneefernerhaus (UFS - Zugspitze) â a pilot study
Search of the early O3 LIGO data for continuous gravitational waves from the Cassiopeia A and Vela Jr. supernova remnants
partially_open1412sĂŹWe present directed searches for continuous gravitational waves from the neutron stars in the Cassiopeia A (Cas A) and Vela Jr. supernova remnants. We carry out the searches in the LIGO detector data from the first six months of the third Advanced LIGO and Virgo observing run using the weave semicoherent method, which sums matched-filter detection-statistic values over many time segments spanning the observation period. No gravitational wave signal is detected in the search band of 20â976 Hz for assumed source ages greater than 300 years for Cas A and greater than 700 years for Vela Jr. Estimates from simulated continuous wave signals indicate we achieve the most sensitive results to date across the explored parameter space volume, probing to strain magnitudes as low as
âŒ6.3Ă10^â26 for Cas A and âŒ5.6Ă10^â26 for Vela Jr. at frequencies near 166 Hz at 95% efficiency.openAbbott, R.; Abbott, T.âD.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adams, C.; Adhikari, N.; Adhikari, R.âX.; Adya, V.âB.; Affeldt, C.; Agarwal, D.; Agathos, M.; Agatsuma, K.; Aggarwal, N.; Aguiar, O.âD.; Aiello, L.; Ain, A.; Ajith, P.; Albanesi, S.; Allocca, A.; Altin, P.âA.; Amato, A.; Anand, C.; Anand, S.; Ananyeva, A.; Anderson, S.âB.; Anderson, W.âG.; Andrade, T.; Andres, N.; AndriÄ, T.; Angelova, S.âV.; Ansoldi, S.; Antelis, J.âM.; Antier, S.; Appert, S.; Arai, K.; Araya, M.âC.; Areeda, J.âS.; ArĂšne, M.; Arnaud, N.; Aronson, S.âM.; Arun, K.âG.; Asali, Y.; Ashton, G.; Assiduo, M.; Aston, S.âM.; Astone, P.; Aubin, F.; Austin, C.; Babak, S.; Badaracco, F.; Bader, M.âK.âM.; Badger, C.; Bae, S.; Baer, A.âM.; Bagnasco, S.; Bai, Y.; Baird, J.; Ball, M.; Ballardin, G.; Ballmer, S.âW.; Balsamo, A.; Baltus, G.; Banagiri, S.; Bankar, D.; Barayoga, J.âC.; Barbieri, C.; Barish, B.âC.; Barker, D.; Barneo, P.; Barone, F.; Barr, B.; Barsotti, L.; Barsuglia, M.; Barta, D.; Bartlett, J.; Barton, M.âA.; Bartos, I.; Bassiri, R.; Basti, A.; Bawaj, M.; Bayley, J.âC.; Baylor, A.âC.; Bazzan, M.; BĂ©csy, B.; Bedakihale, V.âM.; Bejger, M.; Belahcene, I.; Benedetto, V.; Beniwal, D.; Bennett, T.âF.; Bentley, J.âD.; BenYaala, M.; Bergamin, F.; Berger, B.âK.; Bernuzzi, S.; Bersanetti, D.; Bertolini, A.; Betzwieser, J.; Beveridge, D.; Bhandare, R.; Bhardwaj, U.; Bhattacharjee, D.; Bhaumik, S.; Bilenko, I.âA.; Billingsley, G.; Bini, S.; Birney, R.; Birnholtz, O.; Biscans, S.; Bischi, M.; Biscoveanu, S.; Bisht, A.; Biswas, B.; Bitossi, M.; Bizouard, M.-A.; Blackburn, J.âK.; Blair, C.âD.; Blair, D.âG.; Blair, R.âM.; Bobba, F.; Bode, N.; Boer, M.; Bogaert, G.; Boldrini, M.; Bonavena, L.âD.; Bondu, F.; Bonilla, E.; Bonnand, R.; Booker, P.; Boom, B.âA.; Bork, R.; Boschi, V.; Bose, N.; Bose, S.; Bossilkov, V.; Boudart, V.; Bouffanais, Y.; Bozzi, A.; Bradaschia, C.; Brady, P.âR.; Bramley, A.; Branch, A.; Branchesi, M.; Brau, J.âE.; Breschi, M.; Briant, T.; Briggs, J.âH.; Brillet, A.; Brinkmann, M.; Brockill, P.; Brooks, A.âF.; Brooks, J.; Brown, D.âD.; Brunett, S.; Bruno, G.; Bruntz, R.; Bryant, J.; Bulik, T.; Bulten, H.âJ.; Buonanno, A.; Buscicchio, R.; Buskulic, D.; Buy, C.; Byer, R.âL.; Cadonati, L.; Cagnoli, G.; Cahillane, C.; Bustillo, J. CalderĂłn; Callaghan, J.âD.; Callister, T.âA.; Calloni, E.; Cameron, J.; Camp, J.âB.; Canepa, M.; Canevarolo, S.; Cannavacciuolo, M.; Cannon, K.âC.; Cao, H.; Capote, E.; Carapella, G.; Carbognani, F.; Carlin, J.âB.; Carney, M.âF.; Carpinelli, M.; Carrillo, G.; Carullo, G.; Carver, T.âL.; Diaz, J. Casanueva; Casentini, C.; Castaldi, G.; Caudill, S.; CavagliĂ , M.; Cavalier, F.; Cavalieri, R.; Ceasar, M.; Cella, G.; CerdĂĄ-DurĂĄn, P.; Cesarini, E.; Chaibi, W.; Chakravarti, K.; Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka; Champion, E.; Chan, C.-H.; Chan, C.; Chan, C.âL.; Chan, K.; Chandra, K.; Chanial, P.; Chao, S.; Charlton, P.; Chase, E.âA.; Chassande-Mottin, E.; Chatterjee, C.; Chatterjee, Debarati; Chatterjee, Deep; Chaturvedi, M.; Chaty, S.; Chen, H.âY.; Chen, J.; Chen, X.; Chen, Y.; Chen, Z.; Cheng, H.; Cheong, C.âK.; Cheung, H.âY.; Chia, H.âY.; Chiadini, F.; Chiarini, G.; Chierici, R.; Chincarini, A.; Chiofalo, M.âL.; Chiummo, A.; Cho, G.; Cho, H.âS.; Choudhary, R.âK.; Choudhary, S.; Christensen, N.; Chu, Q.; Chua, S.; Chung, K.âW.; Ciani, G.; Ciecielag, P.; CieĆlar, M.; Cifaldi, M.; Ciobanu, A.âA.; Ciolfi, R.; Cipriano, F.; Cirone, A.; Clara, F.; Clark, E.âN.; Clark, J.âA.; Clarke, L.; Clearwater, P.; Clesse, S.; Cleva, F.; Coccia, E.; Codazzo, E.; Cohadon, P.-F.; Cohen, D.âE.; Cohen, L.; Colleoni, M.; Collette, C.âG.; Colombo, A.; Colpi, M.; Compton, C.âM.; Constancio, M.; Conti, L.; Cooper, S.âJ.; Corban, P.; Corbitt, T.âR.; Cordero-CarriĂłn, I.; Corezzi, S.; Corley, K.âR.; Cornish, N.; Corre, D.; Corsi, A.; Cortese, S.; Costa, C.âA.; Cotesta, R.; Coughlin, M.âW.; Coulon, J.-P.; Countryman, S.âT.; Cousins, B.; Couvares, P.; Coward, D.âM.; Cowart, M.âJ.; Coyne, D.âC.; Coyne, R.; Creighton, J.âD.âE.; Creighton, T.âD.; Criswell, A.âW.; Croquette, M.; Crowder, S.âG.; Cudell, J.âR.; Cullen, T.âJ.; Cumming, A.; Cummings, R.; Cunningham, L.; Cuoco, E.; CuryĆo, M.; Dabadie, P.; Canton, T. Dal; DallâOsso, S.; DĂĄlya, G.; Dana, A.; DaneshgaranBajastani, L.âM.; DâAngelo, B.; Danilishin, S.; DâAntonio, S.; Danzmann, K.; Darsow-Fromm, C.; Dasgupta, A.; Datrier, L.âE.âH.; Datta, S.; Dattilo, V.; Dave, I.; Davier, M.; Davies, G.âS.; Davis, D.; Davis, M.âC.; Daw, E.âJ.; Dean, R.; DeBra, D.; Deenadayalan, M.; Degallaix, J.; De Laurentis, M.; DelĂ©glise, S.; Del Favero, V.; De Lillo, F.; De Lillo, N.; Del Pozzo, W.; DeMarchi, L.âM.; De Matteis, F.; DâEmilio, V.; Demos, N.; Dent, T.; Depasse, A.; De Pietri, R.; De Rosa, R.; De Rossi, C.; DeSalvo, R.; De Simone, R.; Dhurandhar, S.; DĂaz, M.âC.; Diaz-Ortiz, M.; Didio, N.âA.; Dietrich, T.; Di Fiore, L.; Di Fronzo, C.; Di Giorgio, C.; Di Giovanni, F.; Di Giovanni, M.; Di Girolamo, T.; Di Lieto, A.; Ding, B.; Di Pace, S.; Di Palma, I.; Di Renzo, F.; Divakarla, A.âK.; Dmitriev, A.; Doctor, Z.; DâOnofrio, L.; Donovan, F.; Dooley, K.âL.; Doravari, S.; Dorrington, I.; Drago, M.; Driggers, J.âC.; Drori, Y.; Ducoin, J.-G.; Dupej, P.; Durante, O.; DâUrso, D.; Duverne, P.-A.; Dwyer, S.âE.; Eassa, C.; Easter, P.âJ.; Ebersold, M.; Eckhardt, T.; Eddolls, G.; Edelman, B.; Edo, T.âB.; Edy, O.; Effler, A.; Eichholz, J.; Eikenberry, S.âS.; Eisenmann, M.; Eisenstein, R.âA.; Ejlli, A.; Engelby, E.; Errico, L.; Essick, R.âC.; EstellĂ©s, H.; Estevez, D.; Etienne, Z.; Etzel, T.; Evans, M.; Evans, T.âM.; Ewing, B.âE.; Fafone, V.; Fair, H.; Fairhurst, S.; Farah, A.âM.; Farinon, S.; Farr, B.; Farr, W.âM.; Farrow, N.âW.; Fauchon-Jones, E.âJ.; Favaro, G.; Favata, M.; Fays, M.; Fazio, M.; Feicht, J.; Fejer, M.âM.; Fenyvesi, E.; Ferguson, D.âL.; Fernandez-Galiana, A.; Ferrante, I.; Ferreira, T.âA.; Fidecaro, F.; Figura, P.; Fiori, I.; Fishbach, M.; Fisher, R.âP.; Fittipaldi, R.; Fiumara, V.; Flaminio, R.; Floden, E.; Fong, H.; Font, J.âA.; Fornal, B.; Forsyth, P.âW.âF.; Franke, A.; Frasca, S.; Frasconi, F.; Frederick, C.; Freed, J.âP.; Frei, Z.; Freise, A.; Frey, R.; Fritschel, P.; Frolov, V.âV.; FronzĂ©, G.âG.; Fulda, P.; Fyffe, M.; Gabbard, H.âA.; Gadre, B.âU.; Gair, J.âR.; Gais, J.; Galaudage, S.; Gamba, R.; Ganapathy, D.; Ganguly, A.; Gaonkar, S.âG.; Garaventa, B.; GarcĂa-NĂșñez, C.; GarcĂa-QuirĂłs, C.; Garufi, F.; Gateley, B.; Gaudio, S.; Gayathri, V.; Gemme, G.; Gennai, A.; George, J.; Gerberding, O.; Gergely, L.; Gewecke, P.; Ghonge, S.; Ghosh, Abhirup; Ghosh, Archisman; Ghosh, Shaon; Ghosh, Shrobana; Giacomazzo, B.; Giacoppo, L.; Giaime, J.âA.; Giardina, K.âD.; Gibson, D.âR.; Gier, C.; Giesler, M.; Giri, P.; Gissi, F.; Glanzer, J.; Gleckl, A.âE.; Godwin, P.; Goetz, E.; Goetz, R.; Gohlke, N.; Goncharov, B.; GonzĂĄlez, G.; Gopakumar, A.; Gosselin, M.; Gouaty, R.; Gould, D.âW.; Grace, B.; Grado, A.; Granata, M.; Granata, V.; Grant, A.; Gras, S.; Grassia, P.; Gray, C.; Gray, R.; Greco, G.; Green, A.âC.; Green, R.; Gretarsson, A.âM.; Gretarsson, E.âM.; Griffith, D.; Griffiths, W.; Griggs, H.âL.; Grignani, G.; Grimaldi, A.; Grimm, S.âJ.; Grote, H.; Grunewald, S.; Gruning, P.; Guerra, D.; Guidi, Gianluca; Guimaraes, A.âR.; GuixĂ©, G.; Gulati, H.âK.; Guo, H.-K.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, Anchal; Gupta, Anuradha; Gupta, P.; Gustafson, E.âK.; Gustafson, R.; Guzman, F.; Haegel, L.; Halim, O.; Hall, E.âD.; Hamilton, E.âZ.; Hammond, G.; Haney, M.; Hanks, J.; Hanna, C.; Hannam, M.âD.; Hannuksela, O.; Hansen, H.; Hansen, T.âJ.; Hanson, J.; Harder, T.; Hardwick, T.; Haris, K.; Harms, J.; Harry, G.âM.; Harry, I.âW.; Hartwig, D.; Haskell, B.; Hasskew, R.âK.; Haster, C.-J.; Haughian, K.; Hayes, F.âJ.; Healy, J.; Heidmann, A.; Heidt, A.; Heintze, M.âC.; Heinze, J.; Heinzel, J.; Heitmann, H.; Hellman, F.; Hello, P.; Helmling-Cornell, A.âF.; Hemming, G.; Hendry, M.; Heng, I.âS.; Hennes, E.; Hennig, J.; Hennig, M.âH.; Hernandez, A.âG.; Vivanco, F. Hernandez; Heurs, M.; Hild, S.; Hill, P.; Hines, A.âS.; Hochheim, S.; Hofman, D.; Hohmann, J.âN.; Holcomb, D.âG.; Holland, N.âA.; Hollows, I.âJ.; Holmes, Z.âJ.; Holt, K.; Holz, D.âE.; Hopkins, P.; Hough, J.; Hourihane, S.; Howell, E.âJ.; Hoy, C.âG.; Hoyland, D.; Hreibi, A.; Hsu, Y.; Huang, Y.; HĂŒbner, M.âT.; Huddart, A.âD.; Hughey, B.; Hui, V.; Husa, S.; Huttner, S.âH.; Huxford, R.; Huynh-Dinh, T.; Idzkowski, B.; Iess, A.; Ingram, C.; Isi, M.; Isleif, K.; Iyer, B.âR.; JaberianHamedan, V.; Jacqmin, T.; Jadhav, S.âJ.; Jadhav, S.âP.; James, A.âL.; Jan, A.âZ.; Jani, K.; Janquart, J.; Janssens, K.; Janthalur, N.âN.; Jaranowski, P.; Jariwala, D.; Jaume, R.; Jenkins, A.âC.; Jenner, K.; Jeunon, M.; Jia, W.; Johns, G.âR.; Jones, A.âW.; Jones, D.âI.; Jones, J.âD.; Jones, P.; Jones, R.; Jonker, R.âJ.âG.; Ju, L.; Junker, J.; Juste, V.; Kalaghatgi, C.âV.; Kalogera, V.; Kamai, B.; Kandhasamy, S.; Kang, G.; Kanner, J.âB.; Kao, Y.; Kapadia, S.âJ.; Kapasi, D.âP.; Karat, S.; Karathanasis, C.; Karki, S.; Kashyap, R.; Kasprzack, M.; Kastaun, W.; Katsanevas, S.; Katsavounidis, E.; Katzman, W.; Kaur, T.; Kawabe, K.; KĂ©fĂ©lian, F.; Keitel, D.; Key, J.âS.; Khadka, S.; Khalili, F.âY.; Khan, S.; Khazanov, E.âA.; Khetan, N.; Khursheed, M.; Kijbunchoo, N.; Kim, C.; Kim, J.âC.; Kim, K.; Kim, W.âS.; Kim, Y.-M.; Kimball, C.; Kinley-Hanlon, M.; Kirchhoff, R.; Kissel, J.âS.; Kleybolte, L.; Klimenko, S.; Knee, A.âM.; Knowles, T.âD.; Knyazev, E.; Koch, P.; Koekoek, G.; Koley, S.; Kolitsidou, P.; Kolstein, M.; Komori, K.; Kondrashov, V.; Kontos, A.; Koper, N.; Korobko, M.; Kovalam, M.; Kozak, D.âB.; Kringel, V.; Krishnendu, N.âV.; KrĂłlak, A.; Kuehn, G.; Kuei, F.; Kuijer, P.; Kumar, A.; Kumar, P.; Kumar, Rahul; Kumar, Rakesh; Kuns, K.; Kuwahara, S.; Lagabbe, P.; Laghi, D.; Lalande, E.; Lam, T.âL.; Lamberts, A.; Landry, M.; Lane, B.âB.; Lang, R.âN.; Lange, J.; Lantz, B.; La Rosa, I.; Lartaux-Vollard, A.; Lasky, P.âD.; Laxen, M.; Lazzarini, A.; Lazzaro, C.; Leaci, P.; Leavey, S.; Lecoeuche, Y.âK.; Lee, H.âM.; Lee, H.âW.; Lee, J.; Lee, K.; Lehmann, J.; LemaĂźtre, A.; Leroy, N.; Letendre, N.; Levesque, C.; Levin, Y.; Leviton, J.âN.; Leyde, K.; Li, A.âK.âY.; Li, B.; Li, J.; Li, T.âG.âF.; Li, X.; Linde, F.; Linker, S.âD.; Linley, J.âN.; Littenberg, T.âB.; Liu, J.; Liu, K.; Liu, X.; Llamas, F.; Llorens-Monteagudo, M.; Lo, R.âK.âL.; Lockwood, A.; London, L.âT.; Longo, A.; Lopez, D.; Portilla, M. Lopez; Lorenzini, M.; Loriette, V.; Lormand, M.; Losurdo, G.; Lott, T.âP.; Lough, J.âD.; Lousto, C.âO.; Lovelace, G.; Lucaccioni, J.âF.; LĂŒck, H.; Lumaca, D.; Lundgren, A.âP.; Lynam, J.âE.; Macas, R.; MacInnis, M.; Macleod, D.âM.; MacMillan, I.âA.âO.; Macquet, A.; Hernandez, I. Magaña; MagazzĂč, C.; Magee, R.âM.; Maggiore, R.; Magnozzi, M.; Mahesh, S.; Majorana, E.; Makarem, C.; Maksimovic, I.; Maliakal, S.; Malik, A.; Man, N.; Mandic, V.; Mangano, V.; Mango, J.âL.; Mansell, G.âL.; Manske, M.; Mantovani, M.; Mapelli, M.; Marchesoni, F.; Marion, F.; Mark, Z.; MĂĄrka, S.; MĂĄrka, Z.; Markakis, C.; Markosyan, A.âS.; Markowitz, A.; Maros, E.; Marquina, A.; Marsat, S.; Martelli, F.; Martin, I.âW.; Martin, R.âM.; Martinez, M.; Martinez, V.âA.; Martinez, V.; Martinovic, K.; Martynov, D.âV.; Marx, E.âJ.; Masalehdan, H.; Mason, K.; Massera, E.; Masserot, A.; Massinger, T.âJ.; Masso-Reid, M.; Mastrogiovanni, S.; Matas, A.; Mateu-Lucena, M.; Matichard, F.; Matiushechkina, M.; Mavalvala, N.; McCann, J.âJ.; McCarthy, R.; McClelland, D.âE.; McClincy, P.âK.; McCormick, S.; McCuller, L.; McGhee, G.âI.; McGuire, S.âC.; McIsaac, C.; McIver, J.; McRae, T.; McWilliams, S.âT.; Meacher, D.; Mehmet, M.; Mehta, A.âK.; Meijer, Q.; Melatos, A.; Melchor, D.âA.; Mendell, G.; Menendez-Vazquez, A.; Menoni, C.âS.; Mercer, R.âA.; Mereni, L.; Merfeld, K.; Merilh, E.âL.; Merritt, J.âD.; Merzougui, M.; Meshkov, S.; Messenger, C.; Messick, C.; Meyers, P.âM.; Meylahn, F.; Mhaske, A.; Miani, A.; Miao, H.; Michaloliakos, I.; Michel, C.; Middleton, H.; Milano, L.; Miller, A.; Miller, A.âL.; Miller, B.; Millhouse, M.; Mills, J.âC.; Milotti, E.; Minazzoli, O.; Minenkov, Y.; Mir, Ll.âM.; Miravet-TenĂ©s, M.; Mishra, C.; Mishra, T.; Mistry, T.; Mitra, S.; Mitrofanov, V.âP.; Mitselmakher, G.; Mittleman, R.; Mo, Geoffrey; Moguel, E.; Mogushi, K.; Mohapatra, S.âR.âP.; Mohite, S.âR.; Molina, I.; Molina-Ruiz, M.; Mondin, M.; Montani, M.; Moore, C.âJ.; Moraru, D.; Morawski, F.; More, A.; Moreno, C.; Moreno, G.; Morisaki, S.; Mours, B.; Mow-Lowry, C.âM.; Mozzon, S.; Muciaccia, F.; Mukherjee, Arunava; Mukherjee, D.; Mukherjee, Soma; Mukherjee, Subroto; Mukherjee, Suvodip; Mukund, N.; Mullavey, A.; Munch, J.; Muñiz, E.âA.; Murray, P.âG.; Musenich, R.; Muusse, S.; Nadji, S.âL.; Nagar, A.; Napolano, V.; Nardecchia, I.; 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Population of Merging Compact Binaries Inferred Using Gravitational Waves through GWTC-3
We report on the population properties of compact binary mergers inferred from gravitational-wave observations of these systems during the first three LIGO-Virgo observing runs. The Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 3 (GWTC-3) contains signals consistent with three classes of binary mergers: binary black hole, binary neutron star, and neutron star-black hole mergers. We infer the binary neutron star merger rate to be between 10 and 1700 Gpc-3 yr-1 and the neutron star-black hole merger rate to be between 7.8 and 140 Gpc-3 yr-1, assuming a constant rate density in the comoving frame and taking the union of 90% credible intervals for methods used in this work. We infer the binary black hole merger rate, allowing for evolution with redshift, to be between 17.9 and 44 Gpc-3 yr-1 at a fiducial redshift (z=0.2). The rate of binary black hole mergers is observed to increase with redshift at a rate proportional to (1+z)Îș with Îș=2.9-1.8+1.7 for zâČ1. Using both binary neutron star and neutron star-black hole binaries, we obtain a broad, relatively flat neutron star mass distribution extending from 1.2-0.2+0.1 to 2.0-0.3+0.3Mâ. We confidently determine that the merger rate as a function of mass sharply declines after the expected maximum neutron star mass, but cannot yet confirm or rule out the existence of a lower mass gap between neutron stars and black holes. We also find the binary black hole mass distribution has localized over- and underdensities relative to a power-law distribution, with peaks emerging at chirp masses of 8.3-0.5+0.3 and 27.9-1.8+1.9Mâ. While we continue to find that the mass distribution of a binary's more massive component strongly decreases as a function of primary mass, we observe no evidence of a strongly suppressed merger rate above approximately 60Mâ, which would indicate the presence of a upper mass gap. Observed black hole spins are small, with half of spin magnitudes below Ïiâ0.25. While the majority of spins are preferentially aligned with the orbital angular momentum, we infer evidence of antialigned spins among the binary population. We observe an increase in spin magnitude for systems with more unequal-mass ratio. We also observe evidence of misalignment of spins relative to the orbital angular momentum
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