Design Education in European Countries: Great Britain and Ukraine

In this study, consideration was given to the evolution of design education in the UK and Ukraine. A review was conducted by comparing the following main parameters of the design education sphere in both countries: the historical background of its emergence in the 19th century, the dynamics of the development of higher institutions of design education during the 20th century, as well as quantitative and qualitative indicators of design education at the beginning of the 21st century. In the conclusion two main polar properties of contemporary design education are defined, namely: the ability to prepare for gradual entry into modern practical work/business on the one hand and thorough classical artistic preparation on the other. It has been suggested that with humanity approaching the super-hi-tech era, the tendency of design education in Ukraine, unlike in Britain, towards the second of these properties has a positive potential in preserving human-centric values in contemporary design

Художня література, кіно і пісні в інтертексті роману С. Оксеника «Вбивство п’яної піонерки»: кодифікація ретрочасу

У статті розглянуто інтертекстуальне тло в романі Сергія Оксеника «Вбивство п’яноï піонерки». Ідеться про використання художньоï літератури, кіно і пісень як джерела зображення ретрочасу. Виявлено, що система мікротекстів в основному тексті відображає атмосферу 1960-х років. Проаналізовано цитати, алюзіï, стилізацію як прийоми для художнього конструювання суспільних і моральних проблем того часу. Визначено, що цитування чужих текстів у романі забезпечує своєрідну поліфонічність основного тексту, увиразнює часовий пласт мистецьких пріоритетів і рівня культури персонажів. Використовуючи чужі тексти, автор розраховував на ерудицію і мистецькі уподобання читача, зробив натяки на характери відомих героїв літератури, кіно та естради. Вказано на те, що завдяки інтертексту у площині постпам’яті активізовано промовисті деталі, відчуття та емоціï, які розвінчують радянський міф і пояснюють проблеми сучасного українського суспільства

INPUT- AND OUTPUT-BASED GRAMMAR INSTRUCTION IN TEACHING ENGLISH AFTER GERMAN

The article dwells on the peculiarities of instruction and the role of input and output for teaching English grammar to prospective teachers of foreign languages whose major and first foreign language is German. The aim of the survey is to analyze approaches to designing instruction for the second language grammar teaching and develop activities providing effective teaching of the grammar of English for the students with previous experience in learning German as their first foreign language. The emphasis is made on the usage of processing instruction for presenting target forms that entails input-based instruction as a means for transfer enhancement during grammar teaching and a model raising students’ grammar comprehension. As far as production skills constitute one of the aspects of our investigation, we investigated the role of output-based instruction. Grammar teaching deals with grammatical forms and their usage in a particular context. Thus, developing input-based and output-based grammatical activities, we suggested activities that demonstrate the grammatical form and clarify its structure, provide possibilities for comparison of grammatical structures in English and German. The proposed output-based task provides productive grammatical skills development. The focus on form is supported with tasks explicating meaning. Consequently, the connection between grammatical form and its meaning in a certain context is provided. Tasks are communicatively oriented.The article dwells on the peculiarities of instruction and the role of input and output for teaching English grammar to prospective teachers of foreign languages whose major and first foreign language is German. The aim of the survey is to analyze approaches to designing instruction for the second language grammar teaching and develop activities providing effective teaching of the grammar of English for the students with previous experience in learning German as their first foreign language. The emphasis is made on the usage of processing instruction for presenting target forms that entails input-based instruction as a means for transfer enhancement during grammar teaching and a model raising students’ grammar comprehension. As far as production skills constitute one of the aspects of our investigation, we investigated the role of output-based instruction. Grammar teaching deals with grammatical forms and their usage in a particular context. Thus, developing input-based and output-based grammatical activities, we suggested activities that demonstrate the grammatical form and clarify its structure, provide possibilities for comparison of grammatical structures in English and German. The proposed output-based task provides productive grammatical skills development. The focus on form is supported with tasks explicating meaning. Consequently, the connection between grammatical form and its meaning in a certain context is provided. Tasks are communicatively oriented

The peculiarities of contractual relationship between travel operators, travel agents and tourists

Розглянуто особливості договірних взаємовідносин, які виникають між ключовими суб’єктами туристичної діяльності: туроператором, турагентом і туристом. З’ясовано, що основними документами, які регулюють їх діяльність, є агентський договір та договір на туристичне обслуговування. Охарактеризовано особливості кожного з них.It was found that in the process of promoting travel services they are completed in the tourism product (with help of travel agent) and through the distribution system (with help of travel agencies) are communicated to the consumer (tourist). Effective cooperation between the three aforementioned actors of the tourism market is impossible without the settlement of a number of legal and economic moments that conclusion is based on the number of contracts.The features of the contractual relationships that occur between the main subjects of tourism: travel operators, travel agents and tourist are considered. It was found that the basic instruments governing their activities are an agency agreement and a contract for travel services. The features of each of them are characterized. Main features of travel operators are: these firms are the propucers of the tourism product. They complete tours, develop routes, bought travel services in their direct producers – hotel companies, travelling organizations, businesses, food, culture, entertainment, leisure, etc. Main feature of travel agents is that they sell for fee different tours to travel operator on the basis of a contract between them. Travel agent provides advertising of tours, their sale and delivery of customers to the place of destination before travel, monitors the quality of service, collects customers’comments and suggestions

Forward Electron-Phonon Scattering in Normal and Superconducting States

The sharp forward electron-phonon $(FEP)$ and impurity $(FIS)$ scattering change the normal and superconducting properties significantly. The pseudo-gap like features are present in the density of states for $\omega <\Omega$, where $\Omega$ is the phonon frequency. The superconducting critical temperature $T_c$, due to the $FEP$ pairing, is linear with respect to the electron-phonon coupling constant. The $FIS$ impurities are pair weakening for $s-$ and $d-wave$ pairing.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figur

An analysis of influence of methods of calculations is on the got result

В статті здійснюється порівняння результатів типових розрахунків вала, виконаних з використанням різних методик,розрахункових схем, способів прикладення навантаження (на прикладі крутного моменту, що передається валом). Розглядаються результати, одержані при використанні “традиційних” методик, використовуваних в дисципліні “Деталі машин”, з використанням майстра проектування Autodesk Inventor та середовища Autodesk Inventor Simulation Suite. Окремо розглядається порівняння результатів розрахунків при різних варіантах врахування прикладення навантажень.Purpose: The comparison of the shaft calculation results, wich where obtained using different methods and toolkits to perform calculations, calculation schemes and ways of load application. Approach: The impact of different methods of accounting of single force factor (torque transmitted to the shaft) on the results of the calcultaion was analized. Calculations were made using the traditional method of "Machinery Parts", the Shaft Generator of Autodesk Inventor and the Inventor Simulation Suite environment. Differences in the results of the calculations show a considerable influence of the assumptions made in the calculation of these techniques, and the need of careful attention to the development of calculation schemes. Findings: The obtained in this work results demonstrates significantly reduced values of allowable stresses, especially for preliminary calculations. This approach reduces the effect of stress raisers but leads to increased material consumption. The use of modern modeling techniques can provide more accurate information about the real loads in detail.В статье выполняется сравнение результатов расчета вала, полученных при использовании различных методики средств выполнения расчетов, расчетных схем и способов приложения нагрузок. Анализируется влияние на результаты расчета изменений способов учета единственного силового фактора – крутящего момента, передаваемого валом. Расчеты выполнялись по традиционной методике „Деталей машин“, средствами мастера проектирования Autodesk Inventor и среды Autodesk Inventor Simulation Suite Autodesk. Дополнительно выполнялось сравнение результатов расчета при разных вариантах приложения нагрузки