Формування економічних та маркетингових перспектив розвитку ринку інформаційних послуг

This paper investigates the current state and prospects of the development of the European IT services market. A detailed analysis of the economic indicators of the IT market in European countries has been conducted. Marketing characteristics of the external market of IT services were considered, in whose formation a leading role belongs to export deliveries. It has been determined that the capacity of the international segment of the IT services market in most European countries increases by an average of 20 % annually, and the share of IT technologies exports in the overall export structure exceeds 8 %. The forecast of changes in the internal market of IT technologies in the post-Soviet countries was analyzed. Based on the results, it was concluded that in the future the capacity of the domestic IT services market could increase and, in 2024, in particular in Ukraine, would exceed the volume of USD 2 billion. The results of studying the level of prices for IT services in the post-Soviet countries suggest that they mainly correspond to the prices for similar services in different groups of European countries (with different material capabilities). That means that for IT service consumers in countries with a low standard of living, price characteristics are not an obstacle to obtaining the highest quality services from domestic or foreign suppliers. The role and importance of personnel support of the information industry, which is key in the formation and development of the IT services market, have been determined. It has been proven that specialists who attained IT education mostly work according to the skills and competencies obtained, which distinguishes them favorably from specialists in other fields. Despite the tendencies of a certain outflow of specialists outside the countries with a low living level, the number of IT specialists is growing progressively in their economies. In many ways, these trends are facilitated by an increase in the number of graduates from specialized educational institutions.Исследованы современное состояние и перспективы развития украинского рынка ИТ-услуг. Проведен детальный анализ экономических показателей ИТ-рынка в Европейских странах. Рассмотрены маркетинговые характеристики внешнего рынка ИТ-услуг, при формировании которого ведущую роль играют экспортные поставки. Установлено, что емкость международного сегмента украинского рынка ИТ-услуг ежегодно увеличивается в среднем на 20 %, а доля экспорта ИТ-технологий в структуре украинского экспорта превысила 8 %. Проведен анализ прогноза изменений объемов украинского внутреннего рынка ИТ-технологий. По его результатам сделан вывод о том, что в будущем емкость внутреннего украинского рынка ИТ-услуг будет расти и в 2024 году превзойдет объем в 2 млрд.. Результаты исследования уровня цен на ИТ-услуги в постсоветских странах позволяют утверждать, что они в основном соответствуют ценам на аналогичные услуги в разных группах стран Европы (с разными материальными возможностями). Это означает, что для украинских потребителей ИТ-услуг ценовые характеристики не препятствуют получению наиболее качественных услуг от отечественных или зарубежных поставщиков. Определена роль и значение кадрового обеспечения информационной отрасли, являющейся базовой при формировании и развитии рынка ИТ-услуг. Доказано, что специалисты, имеющие ИТ-образование, в большинстве своем работают согласно полученным навыкам и компетенциям, что выгодно их отличает от специалистов других сфер деятельности. Несмотря на тенденции определенного оттока специалистов за пределы стран с невысоким жизненным уровнем, в их экономике количество ИТ-специалистов прогрессивно растет. Во многом этим тенденциям способствует и увеличение количества выпускников из специализированных учебных заведенийДосліджено сучасний стан та перспективи розвитку Європейського ринку ІТ-послуг. Преведено детальний аналіз економічних показників ІТ-ринку в Європейських країнах. Розглянуто маркетингові характеристики зовнішнього ринку ІТ-послуг, при формуванні якого провідну роль мають експортні поставки. Визначено, що місткість міжнародного сегменту ринку ІТ-послуг в більшості Європейських країн щорічно збільшується в середньому на 20 %, а доля експорту ІТ-технологій в структурі експорту перевищує 8 %. Проведено аналіз прогнозу змін обсягів внутрішнього ринку ІТ-технологій в пострадянських країнах. За його результатами зроблено висновок про те, що в майбутньому місткість внутрішнього ринку ІТ-послуг буде зростати і в 2024 році, зокрема, в Україні перевершить обсяг в 2 млрд. . Результати дослідження рівня цін на ІТ-послуги в пострадянських країнах дозволяють стверджувати, що вони в основному відповідають цінам на аналогічні послуги в різних групах країн Європи (з різними матеріальними можливостями). Це означає, що для споживачів ІТ-послуг в країнах з невисоким рівне життя цінові характеристики не є перешкодою для отримання найбільш якісних послуг від вітчизняних чи зарубіжних постачальників. Визначена роль і значення кадрового забезпечення інформаційної галузі, яка є базовою при формуванні і розвитку ринку ІТ-послуг. Доведено, що фахівці, які мають ІТ-освіту, в своїй переважній більшості працюють згідно отриманих навиків та компетенцій, що вигідно їх відрізняє від фахівців інших сфер діяльності. Попри наявності тенденцій певного відтоку фахівців за межі країн з невисоким життєвим рівнем, в їх економіці кількість ІТ-фахівців прогресивно зростає. Багато в чому цим тенденціям сприяє і збільшення кількості випускників зі спеціалізованих навчальних закладі

Anthropometric Parameters as Predictors for Iliopsoas Muscle Strength in Healthy Girls and in Girls with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

In this study iliopsoas muscle strength was measured by portable dynamometer and it was explored to what extent independent predictors (age, body weight, body height and body mass index) affect iliopsoas strength in healthy subjects and in subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The study population was consisted of 183 girls (90 healthy girls and 93 girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis). Student t test analysis showed no differences in maximal voluntary isometric contraction between healthy girls and girls with scoliosis. Independent variables predicted significantly iliopsoas strength in healthy group (r=0.96, p<0.01) and in scoliosis group (r=0.94, p<0.001). Separate analysis with respect to types of scoliosis demonstrated that independent variables significantly predict iliopsoas strength in right thoracic (r=0.97, p<0.01), left thoracic (r=0.98, p=0.004), right thoracic lumbar (r=0.97, p<0.01) and left lumbar (r=0.96, p<0.01) scoliosis subgroups. In healthy girls iliopsoas strength was mostly predicted by body weight, followed by body height and body mass index. In girls with scoliosis body weigth was the strongest predictor of iliopsoas strength and was followed by curvature angle degree

Anthropometric Parameters as Predictors for Iliopsoas Muscle Strength in Healthy Girls and in Girls with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

In this study iliopsoas muscle strength was measured by portable dynamometer and it was explored to what extent independent predictors (age, body weight, body height and body mass index) affect iliopsoas strength in healthy subjects and in subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The study population was consisted of 183 girls (90 healthy girls and 93 girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis). Student t test analysis showed no differences in maximal voluntary isometric contraction between healthy girls and girls with scoliosis. Independent variables predicted significantly iliopsoas strength in healthy group (r=0.96, p<0.01) and in scoliosis group (r=0.94, p<0.001). Separate analysis with respect to types of scoliosis demonstrated that independent variables significantly predict iliopsoas strength in right thoracic (r=0.97, p<0.01), left thoracic (r=0.98, p=0.004), right thoracic lumbar (r=0.97, p<0.01) and left lumbar (r=0.96, p<0.01) scoliosis subgroups. In healthy girls iliopsoas strength was mostly predicted by body weight, followed by body height and body mass index. In girls with scoliosis body weigth was the strongest predictor of iliopsoas strength and was followed by curvature angle degree

Das Ivotray abdruckverfahren und der Orthomat-universal in der Mobilen protetlik

Prikazane su biološke osnove ivotray metode oblikovanja usne šupljine i Ivoclarove metode postavljanja zubi. Pored priznatih prednosti otisnog postupka pri zatvorenim ustima, za tu je metodu bitno da se bimaksilarnim oblikovanjem čitave usne šupljine ujedno dobiva i međusobni odnos čeljusti. Zbog prisilnog retralnog položaja jezika, reflektorno je osigurana centrična relacija, a približno točno je određena vertikalna dimenzija. Bimaksilarni otisni postupak s alginatom daje smjernice za izradu individualno točno adaptiranih zagriznih šablona pa se time sprečavaju posljedice nejednoličnog dodirivanja zagriznih bedema. Zubi se postavljaju po kaloti s prosječnim radijusom, ali vodeći računa o tri glavna tipa okluzije, tj. normalnom tipu, dubokoj okluziji i križnom zagrizu. U tu svrhu postoje i tri vrsti ortotip-lateralnih zubi u skladu s korelacijom između nagiba kvržica i vrsti okluzije. Ortomat-univerzal omogućuje da se zubi postavljaju bilateralno simetrično, u odnosu prema koordinatama glave, što daje funkcionalno i estetski dobre rezultate. Modus procedendo prikazan je na većem broju dobnih slika.The biological foundations of the Ivotray method of forming the oral cavity are presented and the Ivoclar method of placing teeth. In addition to the recognized advantages of the impresion procedure in closed mouth cases for this method it is essential that the reciprocal relationship of the jaws lis obtained at the same time by bimaxillary shaping of the entire oral cavity. Centric relation is safeguarded and the vertical dimension established approximately because of the compulsory position of the tongue. The bimaxillary impression procedure with alginate gives indications for the manufacturing of individually precisely adapted check bite patterns and is thus helping to prevent the consequences of irregular contact of the biting edges. The teeth are placed in the calotte with an average radius, or taking into consideration all three main types of occlusion, i. e. the normal type, deep occlusion and the cross bite. Three types of ortotip lateral teeth exist for this purpose in harmony with the correlation between the incline of the clasp and the type of occlusion. Ortomat Universal makes it possible for the teeth to be placed bilaterally symmetrically in relation to the co-ordinates of the head, thus giving functionally and esthetically good results. The modus procedendi is shown in a number of figures.Es werden die biologischen Grundlagen der Ivotray- Abformmethode und der Ivoclar -Zahnaufstellung einer analytischen Betrachtung unterzogen. Ausser den anerkannten Vorteilen der geschlossenen Mundabformung hat die Ivotray - Methode den grossen Vorzug, dass man gleichzeitig mit der Abformung, wegen der durch die Löffelform erzwungenen Retrallage der Zunge, die genaue zentrische Relation und die ungefähre vertikale Dimension, ermitteln kannDas bimaxiilare Abformverfahren mittels Alginat ergibt Richtlinien für die Anfertigung Von genau adaptierten Bissschablonen, womit die Folgen der ungleichmässigen Berührung der Bisswälle, vermieden werden. Die Zähne werden gemäss einer Kalotte mit durchschnittlichem Radius aufgestellt, wobei die drei Haupttypen der Okklusion, die Normale, der Tiefbiss und der Kreuzbiss, berücksichtigt werden. Das wird mit den drei Arten der IvocIar- Orthotyp - Seitenzähnen, in Eeinklang mit der Korrelation zwischen Höckerneigung und Okklusionstyp, erreicht. Der Ort (ho mat-Universal ermöglicht eine bilateral-symmetrische Zahnaufstellung inbezug auf die Kopfkoordinaten, was funktionell und ästhetisch vollwertige Resultate gewährleistet. Der Modus iprocedendi wird anhand von zahlreichen Abbildungen dargestellt

Distribution range and population viability of Emys orbicularis in Slovakia: a review with conservation implications

The European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) is the only native freshwater turtle species in Slovakia. Due to watercourse regulations in the middle of the 20th century, its range became fragmented and, currently, there are only two isolated populations. From a total of 1,236 historical records in Slovakia, most observations (782 records) came from the area of the Tajba National Nature Reserve (NNR). Three of the population viability analysis models (‘baseline’, ‘catastrophe’, ‘nest protection during a catastrophe’) indicated the extinction of the population in Tajba, with the highest probability of extinction occurring during a catastrophic event (probability of extinction 1.00). We also evaluated information about the activity patterns of seven radio-tracked individuals and about the number of destroyed nests from the area. During the period 2017–2021, we recorded only two turtles leaving the aquatic habitat of Tajba. An alarming fact is the massive number of destroyed nests found in the area during the study period (Tajba 524; Poľany 56). Our results indicate that the population in the Tajba NNR require immediate application of management steps to ensure its long-term survival

Liječenje raka stidnice

Objective. Treatment modalities for vulvar cancer includes: surgical, radio- and chemo-therapeutical options. In this paper we discuss the impact of new staging classification (2009) on the treatment modalities. Methods. We reviewed the available literature on treatment of invasive vulvar cancer and compared with own results on 114 squamous vulvar cancer patients. Results. The cornerstone of primary treatment remains surgery. There is a trend to introduce less radical surgery, especially in early disease (wide excision). In patients with advanced primary disease, treatment criteria for the use of chemo/radiotherapy are still not completely defined. Conclusions. Less radical approach in surgical management of early stages with implementation of sentinel node identification techniques, the use of triple incision in radical vulvectomy decrease treatment associated morbidity with similar outcome results. Advanced disease requires individualized approach including combination of chemoradiation option and surgery associated with increased complication rate and undefined benefit in final outcome. The centralization of cases will facilitate the use of optimal treatment and patient recruitment for clinical studies. Finally, a new staging system adopted in 2009 whould be applied in all cases with invasive vulvar cancer.Cilj. U liječenju raka stidnice koriste se kirurška terapija, radioterapija i kemoterapija odnosno njihove razne kombinacije. Cilj ovog članka je istražiti i prikazati utjecaj nove klasifikacije (FIGO 2009.) na liječidbeni postupak raka stidnice. Metode. Pregledali smo dostupnu literaturu o liječenju invazivnog raka stidnice i usporedili s našim rezultatima na uzorku od 114 bolesnica sa skvamoznim rakom stidnice. Rezultati. Temelj primarnog liječenja je i dalje kirurški zahvat. Postoji težnja da se smanji radikalitet kirurških postupaka, poglavito u ranom stadiju bolesti (široka ekscizija). U bolesnica s uznapredovalom bolešću kriteriji za primjenu kemo/radioterapije još uvijek nisu jasno definirani. Zaključak. Manje radikalan kirurški pristup u liječenju ranih stadija bolesti, uvođenje metoda identifikacije limfnog čvora čuvara, te primjena tri separatna reza pri radikalnoj vulvektomiji smanjili su morbiditet kao posljedicu liječenja bolesti, bez bitnih promjena u ishodu samog liječenja. Bolesnice s uznapredovalom bolešću zahtijevaju individualizirani pristup uključujući kombinaciju kemoiradijacije i kirurgije povezane s povećanom stopom komplikacija i nejasnom korisnošću što se tiče završnog ishoda liječenja. Centralizacija bolesnica s rakom stidnice omogućit će primjenu optimalnog liječenja i dostupnost bolesnica za kliničke studije. Na kraju, nova FIGO klasifikacija bolesti iz 2009. godine trebala bi se koristiti u svim slučajevima invazivnog raka stidnice

Liječenje raka stidnice

Objective. Treatment modalities for vulvar cancer includes: surgical, radio- and chemo-therapeutical options. In this paper we discuss the impact of new staging classification (2009) on the treatment modalities. Methods. We reviewed the available literature on treatment of invasive vulvar cancer and compared with own results on 114 squamous vulvar cancer patients. Results. The cornerstone of primary treatment remains surgery. There is a trend to introduce less radical surgery, especially in early disease (wide excision). In patients with advanced primary disease, treatment criteria for the use of chemo/radiotherapy are still not completely defined. Conclusions. Less radical approach in surgical management of early stages with implementation of sentinel node identification techniques, the use of triple incision in radical vulvectomy decrease treatment associated morbidity with similar outcome results. Advanced disease requires individualized approach including combination of chemoradiation option and surgery associated with increased complication rate and undefined benefit in final outcome. The centralization of cases will facilitate the use of optimal treatment and patient recruitment for clinical studies. Finally, a new staging system adopted in 2009 whould be applied in all cases with invasive vulvar cancer.Cilj. U liječenju raka stidnice koriste se kirurška terapija, radioterapija i kemoterapija odnosno njihove razne kombinacije. Cilj ovog članka je istražiti i prikazati utjecaj nove klasifikacije (FIGO 2009.) na liječidbeni postupak raka stidnice. Metode. Pregledali smo dostupnu literaturu o liječenju invazivnog raka stidnice i usporedili s našim rezultatima na uzorku od 114 bolesnica sa skvamoznim rakom stidnice. Rezultati. Temelj primarnog liječenja je i dalje kirurški zahvat. Postoji težnja da se smanji radikalitet kirurških postupaka, poglavito u ranom stadiju bolesti (široka ekscizija). U bolesnica s uznapredovalom bolešću kriteriji za primjenu kemo/radioterapije još uvijek nisu jasno definirani. Zaključak. Manje radikalan kirurški pristup u liječenju ranih stadija bolesti, uvođenje metoda identifikacije limfnog čvora čuvara, te primjena tri separatna reza pri radikalnoj vulvektomiji smanjili su morbiditet kao posljedicu liječenja bolesti, bez bitnih promjena u ishodu samog liječenja. Bolesnice s uznapredovalom bolešću zahtijevaju individualizirani pristup uključujući kombinaciju kemoiradijacije i kirurgije povezane s povećanom stopom komplikacija i nejasnom korisnošću što se tiče završnog ishoda liječenja. Centralizacija bolesnica s rakom stidnice omogućit će primjenu optimalnog liječenja i dostupnost bolesnica za kliničke studije. Na kraju, nova FIGO klasifikacija bolesti iz 2009. godine trebala bi se koristiti u svim slučajevima invazivnog raka stidnice

The Formation of Economic and Marketing Prospects for the Development of the Market of Information Services

This paper investigates the current state and prospects of the development of the European IT services market. A detailed analysis of the economic indicators of the IT market in European countries has been conducted. Marketing characteristics of the external market of IT services were considered, in whose formation a leading role belongs to export deliveries. It has been determined that the capacity of the International segment of the IT services market in most European countries increases by an average of 20 % annually, and the share of IT technologies exports in the overall export structure exceeds 8 %. The forecast of changes in the internal market of IT technologies in the post-Soviet countries was analyzed. Based on the results, it was concluded that in the future the capacity of the domestic IT services market could increase and, in 2024, in particular in Ukraine, would exceed the volume of USD 2 billion. The results of studying the level of prices for IT services in the post-Soviet countries suggest that they mainly correspond to the prices for similar services in different groups of European countries (with different material capabilities). That means that for IT service consumers in countries with a low standard of living, price characteristics are not an obstacle to obtaining the highest quality services from domestic or foreign suppliers. The role and importance of personnel support of the information industry, which is key in the formation and development of the IT services market, have been determined. It has been proven that specialists who attained IT education mostly work according to the skills and competencies obtained, which distinguishes them favorably from specialists in other fields. Despite the tendencies of a certain outflow of specialists outside the countries with a low living level, the number of IT specialists is growing progressively in their economies. In many ways, these trends are facilitated by an increase in the number of graduates from specialized educational institutions

Učinak zgodnje detekcije cervikalnega karcinoma

Background Treatment effectiveness and clinical outcome of patients with cervical carcinoma FIGO stage IA1 and IA2 are analyzed in three different time period at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Rijeka, Croatia. Methods Retrospective analysis of the hospital chart of all cervical cancer patients between 1991 and 2005 was conducted with five-year follow up. Results Data on cervical cancer distribution by stage and five-year survival are presented. Separately analyzed age, histology type and treatment modalities in stage FIGO IA1 and IA2 during three consecutive five-year periods are presented. Conclusions Conservative surgical approach – conization alone in stage IA1 of the squamous cell carcinoma is reasonable and safe treatment option for reproductive active women. During observed periods conization became the most used surgical technique applied in almost two third of FIGO IA1 cervical cancer patients. Lymph vascular space invasion in stage IA1 lead to adjunct pelvic lymphadenectomy with unclear clinical benefit. In cervical cancer patients stage IA2 simple hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy could be accepted as a standard treatment. In these patients further studies are recommended to evaluate other less radical surgical techniques – simple and radical trachelectomy with or without pelvic lymphadenectomy. Radical hysterectomy in both stages IA1 and IA2, based on personal experience and literature data represents a surgical overtreatment and should be abandoned

Učinak zgodnje detekcije cervikalnega karcinoma

Background Treatment effectiveness and clinical outcome of patients with cervical carcinoma FIGO stage IA1 and IA2 are analyzed in three different time period at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Rijeka, Croatia. Methods Retrospective analysis of the hospital chart of all cervical cancer patients between 1991 and 2005 was conducted with five-year follow up. Results Data on cervical cancer distribution by stage and five-year survival are presented. Separately analyzed age, histology type and treatment modalities in stage FIGO IA1 and IA2 during three consecutive five-year periods are presented. Conclusions Conservative surgical approach – conization alone in stage IA1 of the squamous cell carcinoma is reasonable and safe treatment option for reproductive active women. During observed periods conization became the most used surgical technique applied in almost two third of FIGO IA1 cervical cancer patients. Lymph vascular space invasion in stage IA1 lead to adjunct pelvic lymphadenectomy with unclear clinical benefit. In cervical cancer patients stage IA2 simple hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy could be accepted as a standard treatment. In these patients further studies are recommended to evaluate other less radical surgical techniques – simple and radical trachelectomy with or without pelvic lymphadenectomy. Radical hysterectomy in both stages IA1 and IA2, based on personal experience and literature data represents a surgical overtreatment and should be abandoned