Les intentions et le degré de mobilisation des enseignants d'école primaire à l'éveil aux langues

Cette recherche empirique a été conduite dans le cadre d’un mémoire de bachelor permettant de comprendre les intentions et le degré de mobilisation des enseignants neuchâtelois lorsqu’ils utilisent le moyen d’enseignement EOLE. EOLE est un moyen d’enseignement inspiré du projet Evlang. Le but principal de ces projets est d’offrir aux élèves une sensibilisation aux langues et une ouverture aux cultures. Le côté novateur est d’offrir un cadre où les élèves travaillent plusieurs langues sans pour autant avoir l’obligation de les apprendre. L’utilisation de ce moyen d’enseignement n’est pas obligatoire dans les classes suisses romandes. En revanche, son utilisation est vivement recommandée par le Plan d’étude romand (PER). Au travers de ce travail, les témoignages des enseignantes utilisant EOLE sont comparés. Il est alors envisageable d’observer les différents degrés de mobilisation. Les enseignantes ayant pris part à cette étude sont six au total, seulement quatre d’entre elles utilisent EOLE. D’après les analyses de données, il est possible de constater que les intentions principales sont la sensibilisation aux langues, le développement de l’interdisciplinarité et le développement d’une culture générale chez les élèves

Do cleaner fish learn to feed against their preference in a reverse reward contingency task?

The ability to control impulsive behaviour has been studied in animals with a standard test in which subjects need to choose the smaller of two food items in order to receive the larger one (reverse reward contingency). As a variety of mammals that have been tested so far (mostly primates) have great difficulties to solve the task, it has been proposed that it is generally cognitively demanding. However, according to an ecological approach to cognition, a species' ability to solve the task should not depend on its general cognitive abilities but on whether its ecology causes selective pressure on the ability to restrain foraging behaviour. We tested this hypothesis using the cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus), a fish species that feeds against its preference in nature when engaging in cleaning interactions with so called ‘client fish'. None of the eight tested individuals learned to choose a non-preferred item after 200 trials. In a subsequent test, one subject learned to respond correctly in a large or none contingency task (only the choice of the small food was rewarded). After a short re-experience treatment, this individual learned to solve the reverse reward task after 30 trials. In conclusion, we did not find support for the general idea that interactions with clients prepared cleaners to quickly solve a reverse reward test. However, the results suggest that the potential to solve a reverse reward contingency may not be restricted to mammals but could be present also in a fish species in which the problem of choosing a non-preferred food over a preferred one is an ever present challenge in natur

Dispersion Corrected DFT Study of Pentacene Thin Films on Flat and Vicinal Au Surfaces

Here we a present a density functional theory study of pentacene ultra-thin films on flat [(111)] and vicinal [(455)] Au surfaces. We have performed crystal and electronic structure calculations by using PBE and optB86b-vdW functionals and investigated the effects of long range Van der Waals interactions for different coverages starting from a single isolated molecule up to 4 monolayers of coverage. For an isolated molecule both functionals yield the hollow site as the most stable one with bridge-60 site being very close in energy in case of optB86b-vdW. Binding strength of an isolated pentacene on the step edge was found to be much larger than that on the terrace sites. Different experimentally reported monolayer structures were compared and the (6 x 3) unit cell was found to be energetically more stable than the (2 x 2 $\sqrt{7}$) and (2 x $\sqrt{31}$) ones. For one monolayer films while dispersion corrected calculations favored flat pentacene molecules on terraces, standard (PBE) calculations either found tilted and flat configurations to be energetically similar (on (111) surface) or favored the tilted configuration (on (455) surface). PDOS calculations performed with optB86b-vdW functional showed larger dispersion of molecular orbitals over the Au states for the (455) surface when compared with the (111) surface, indicating an enhanced charge carrier transport at the pentacene-gold interface in favor of the vicinal surface. Starting with the second monolayer, both functionals favored tilted configurations for both surfaces. Our results underline the importance of the dispersion corrections for the loosely bound systems like pentacene on gold and the role played by step edges in determining the multilayer film structure and charge transfer at the organic molecule-metal interface.Comment: 8 Figures, 4 Table

Male broiler performance and nocturnal feeding under constant 8-h or 16-h photoperiods, and various increasing lighting regimens

This paper describes the responses of two genotypes of male broilers to constant 8- and 16-h photoperiods, and to an abrupt transfer from 8 to 16 h at 10, 15 or 20 d. Body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion efficiency were not significantly different at any stage during the 35 d study. Mortality and the incidence of Sudden Death Syndrome were similar for all lighting groups at 35 d. When these data were pooled with previously reported data for female broilers, growth and feed conversion efficiency post 21 d and through to depletion for constant 8-h and birds transferred from 8 to 16 h at 20 d were significantly superior to constant 16-h birds. Constant 8-h birds ate about half their feed during the dark period, whilst 16-h birds consumed no more than 10%. Birds which had been started on 8 h and transferred to 16 h at 10, 15 or 20 d reduced their rate of nocturnal feeding when changed to the longer photoperiod, however, they still consumed more feed in the 8-h dark period than birds that had always been given 16 h illumination. Cobb and Ross genotypes responded similarly to all lighting treatments. Keywords: Photoperiod, broiler growth, nocturnal feedingSouth African Journal of Animal Science Vol. 38 (3) 2008: pp. 159-16

ANALISIS TINGKAT LITERASI DIGITAL SISWA SMK NEGERI 1 SENGAH TEMILA KABUPATEN LANDAK KALIMANTAN BARAT

In facing the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0, the transformation of education is crucial, especially in Vocational High Schools (SMK) which have an important role in preparing industrial workers. Digital literacy is the key in preparing students to face the demands of this digital age. This research aims to analyze the digital literacy level of students at SMK Negeri 1 Sengah Temila in Landak Regency in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. Using quantitative descriptive methods, this research involved 128 students majoring in Visual Communication Design (DKV) classes X and XI. The results show that the majority of students have smartphones and internet access, with high digital literacy in technical aspects, navigation, communication and content production. Even though there are no significant differences between classes, it is necessary to pay attention to aspects of digital content production and creation. This research provides important insights for the development of digital literacy education in vocational schools, with recommendations for involving students more deeply in the use of technology, improving content production skills, and continuing to monitor the results of digital literacy education to answer future demands

a simple tool for the analysis of periodic cotyledon and leaf movement in Arabidopsis thaliana

Background The analysis of circadian leaf movement rhythms is a simple yet effective method to study effects of treatments or gene mutations on the circadian clock of plants. Currently, leaf movements are analysed using time lapse photography and subsequent bioinformatics analyses of leaf movements. Programs that are used for this purpose either are able to perform one function (i.e. leaf tip detection or rhythm analysis) or their function is limited to specific computational environments. We developed a leaf movement analysis tool—PALMA—that works in command line and combines image extraction with rhythm analysis using Fast Fourier transformation and non-linear least squares fitting. Results We validated PALMA in both simulated time series and in experiments using the known short period mutant sensitivity to red light reduced 1 (srr1-1). We compared PALMA with two established leaf movement analysis tools and found it to perform equally well. Finally, we tested the effect of reduced iron conditions on the leaf movement rhythms of wild type plants. Here, we found that PALMA successfully detected period lengthening under reduced iron conditions. Conclusions PALMA correctly estimated the period of both simulated and real-life leaf movement experiments. As a platform-independent console-program that unites both functions needed for the analysis of circadian leaf movements it is a valid alternative to existing leaf movement analysis tools

ANALISIS TINGKAT LITERASI DIGITAL SISWA SMK NEGERI 1 SENGAH TEMILA KABUPATEN LANDAK KALIMANTAN BARAT

In facing the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0, the transformation of education is crucial, especially in Vocational High Schools (SMK) which have an important role in preparing industrial workers. Digital literacy is the key in preparing students to face the demands of this digital age. This research aims to analyze the digital literacy level of students at SMK Negeri 1 Sengah Temila in Landak Regency in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. Using quantitative descriptive methods, this research involved 128 students majoring in Visual Communication Design (DKV) classes X and XI. The results show that the majority of students have smartphones and internet access, with high digital literacy in technical aspects, navigation, communication and content production. Even though there are no significant differences between classes, it is necessary to pay attention to aspects of digital content production and creation. This research provides important insights for the development of digital literacy education in vocational schools, with recommendations for involving students more deeply in the use of technology, improving content production skills, and continuing to monitor the results of digital literacy education to answer future demands