Lewis acidic zn(ii) schiff base complexes in homogeneous catalysis

El trabajo descrito en esta tesis muestra estudios hacia nuevas aplicaciones de complejos derivados de bases de Schiff en catálisis homogénea. En concreto, se han investigadoligandos “salen” (incluyendo sistemas quelantes N2S2) ytambiénse han examinado otros aspectos que generalmente se consideran importantes en el contexto del aumento de la sostenibilidad de los procesos químicos. Estudios sobre el uso de estos compuestos acidos de Lewis en la catálisis de la fijación de dióxido de carbono, de reacciones de múltiples componentespara obtener indoles sustituidos y de reciclado de agregados supramoleculares basados en triptyceno han revelado un ancho potencial de aplicación. Los complejos Zn(salen) se han evaluadotambién como "espectadores" en la construcción de ligandos supramoleculares basados en fosfinas voluminosas que demostraron ser útiles en la catálisis de hidrosililación. Por lo tanto, el trabajo descrito en esta tesis puede servir como un punto de partida para el desarrollo de un nuevo potencial catalítico para los complejos de bases de Schiff.The work described in this thesis shows studies towards new applications of Schiff base complexes in homogeneous catalysis . Specifically, we investigated “salen” ligands (including N2S2 chelating systems) and also examined other aspects that are generally considered important in the context of increasing the sustainability of chemical processes. Studies on the use of these Lewis acidic compounds in the catalysis of the fixation of carbon dioxide, multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of substituted indoles and the recycling of triptycene based supramolecular aggregates revealed a wide potential of application. The Zn(salen) compexeswere evaluated as "spectators" in the construction of supramolecular ligands based on bulky phosphines which proved to be useful in hydrosilylation catalysis. Therefore, the work described in this thesis may serve as a starting point for the development of a new catalytic potential of Schiff base complexes

Continuous EEG monitoring by a new simplified wireless headset in intensive care unit

Background: In critically ill patients continuous EEG (cEEG) is recommended in several conditions. Recently, a new wireless EEG headset (CerebAir®,Nihon-Kohden) is available. It has 8 electrodes, and its positioning seems to be easier than conventional systems. Aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of this device for cEEG monitoring, if positioned by ICU physician. Methods: Neurological patients were divided in two groups according with the admission to Neuro-ICU (Study-group:20 patients) or General-ICU (Control-group:20 patients). In Study group, cEEG was recorded by CerebAir® assembled by an ICU physician, while in Control group a simplified 8-electrodes-EEG recording positioned by an EEG technician was performed. Results: Time for electrodes applying was shorter in Study-group than in Control-group: 6.2 ± 1.1' vs 10.4 ± 2.3'; p < 0.0001. Thirty five interventions were necessary to correct artifacts in Study-group and 11 in Control-group. EEG abnormalities with or without epileptic meaning were respectively 7(35%) and 7(35%) in Study-group, and 5(25%) and 9(45%) in Control-group;p > 0.05. In Study-group, cEEG was interrupted for risk of skin lesions in 4 cases after 52 ± 4 h. cEEG was obtained without EEG technician in all cases in Study-group; quality of EEG was similar. Conclusions: Although several limitations should be considered, this simplified EEG system could be feasible even if EEG technician was not present. It was faster to position if compared with standard techniques, and can be used for continuous EEG monitoring. It could be very useful as part of diagnostic process in an emergency setting

Tendências neoliberais nas reformas e no financiamento do ensino superior brasileiro no início do século XXI

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os impactos das reformas e do financiamento da educação superior no Brasil, principalmente no século XXI em âmbito federal, de forma a traçar um breve panorama sobre este nível educacional a partir da implementação histórica de políticas neoliberais recomendadas por organismos internacionais. Nosso corpus de dados foi obtido a partir das seguintes fontes: Sinopses Estatísticas da Educação Superior (INEP); Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) disponibilizado pelo IBGE; o painel do orçamento do Sistema Integrado de Planejamento e Orçamento (SIOP); e Indicadores Financeiros Educacionais elaborados pelo INEP. A análise do conjunto de resultados, considerando o número de matrículas e ingressantes e os investimentos em programas de expansão, permitiu evidenciar a aceleração da ampliação do setor privado - universidades de ensino - e a continuidade das políticas neoliberais ao longo do século XXI na educação superior brasileira pública - universidades de pesquisa

DIVERSIDADE DE FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES NA CULTURA DA MANDIOCA EM FUNÇÃO DO PREPARO DE SOLO E DA ADUBAÇÃO

With objective in determine the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in cassava cultivation, under two soil tillage methods, in the presence and absence of fertilization, was performed an experiment at Fazenda Bomba, municipality of Cândido Sales, Bahia, in a randomized block design, with five repetitions, in subplots. In the plots were allocated the methods of soil preparation, manual and mechanized and in the subplots, the fertilization levels, without and with. Planting was carried out in November 2016 and soil and root collections were carried out in September 2017. Done the counting and identifying FMA species, was determined the species richness, the Shannon–Wiener diversity index, the Simpson dominance index, the root colonization rate, in addition to the chemical analysis of the soil. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by Test F, at 5% probability. It was also used Spearman correlation analysis and Canonical Correlation Analysis. The species of FMA with the highest incidence were Glomus sp1, Acaulospora mellea and Glomus macrocarpum.  In the presence of fertilization was observed highest number of spores Acaulospora mellea, greater number total spores and higher root colonization. The species of FMA varied with the different levels of chemical elements in the soil.Com objetivo de determinar la diversidad de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (AMF) en el cultivo de yuca, bajo dos métodos de labranza del suelo, en presencia y ausencia de fertilización, fue realizado un experimento en Fazenda Bomba, municipio de Cândido Sales, Bahía, en un diseño de bloques al azar, con cinco repeticiones, en parcelas subdivididas. En las parcelas fueron assignado métodos de preparación del suelo, manual y mecanizado y en subparcelas, niveles de fertilización, sin y con. La siembra se realizó en noviembre de 2016 y las recolecciones de suelo y raíces se realizaron en septiembre de 2017. Hecho un contando e identificando especies de FMA, fue determinado una riqueza de especies, el índice de diversidad de Shannon - Wiener, el índice de dominancia de Simpson, la tasa de colonización de la raíz, además del análisis químico del suelo. Los datos se sometieron al análisis de varianza por la Prueba F, con una probabilidad del 5%. También fue utilizado Análisis de correlación de Spearman y análisis de correlación canónica. La especie de Las FMA con mayor incidencia fueron Glomus sp1, Acaulospora mellea y Glomus macrocarpum. En presencia de fertilización fue observado mayor número de esporas Acaulospora mellea, mayor número esporas totales y superiores colonización de raíces. La especie de FMA varió con los diferentes niveles de elementos químicos en el suelo.Com objetivo de determinar a diversidade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) em cultivo de mandioca, sob dois métodos de preparo do solo, na presença e na ausência de adubação, foi realizado um experimento na Fazenda Bomba, município de Cândido Sales, Bahia, em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições, em parcelas subdivididas. Nas parcelas foram alocados os métodos de preparo do solo, manual e mecanizado e nas subparcelas, os níveis de adubação, sem e com. O plantio foi realizado em novembro de 2016 e as coletas de solo e de raízes realizadas em setembro de 2017. Feita a contagem e identificação das espécies de FMA, foi determinada a riqueza de espécies, o índice de diversidade Shannon–Wiener, o índice de dominância de Simpson, a taxa de colonização radicular, além da análise química do solo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo Teste F, a 5% de probabilidade. Utilizou-se ainda a análise de correlação de Spearman e a Análise de Correlação Canônica. As espécies de FMA de maior incidência foram Glomus sp1, Acaulospora mellea e Glomus macrocarpum. Em presença de adubação foi observado maior número de esporos de Acaulospora mellea, maior número total de esporos e maior colonização radicular. As espécies de FMA variaram com os diferentes teores de elementos químicos no solo

EXPERIÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS: ARTE, CULTURA E SUSTENTABILIDADE

O projeto “Experiências ambientais: arte, cultura e sustentabilidade” pretendeu demonstrar, através da música, arte, cultura e gastronomia, que a vida do ser humano está ligada ao meio ambiente e que a conservação desta demanda a valorização do saber, tradições e manifestações de uma comunidade. Para tanto, realizou-se um evento de cunho sociocultural e ambiental com o objetivo de promover a sensibilização ambiental a partir da valorização da cultura local, demonstrando de maneira prática as experiências ambientais e culturais existentes em Alter-do-Chão e Santarém-PA, tendo como público alvo docentes e discentes da Ufopa e população de Alter-do-Chão. Foram convidados artesãos, músicos e pessoas que atuam com a culinária regional para exporem seus trabalhos no evento, além de profissionais e estudantes para palestrarem sobre o tema em questão. O evento ocorreu no dia 19 de julho de 2014, na Cabana do Tapajós, localizada em Alter-do-Chão. Desta forma, o projeto repassou aos presentes a mensagem de que, para a realização de todas as atividades humanas, sejam elas culturais, sociais, gastronômicas e econômicas, a sociedade depende e sempre dependerá dos recursos da natureza. Esta é uma das razões para que o meio ambiente seja valorizado, a fim de que o mesmo possa continuar atendendo às inúmeras necessidades humanas.Palavras-chave: conservação; sensibilização; tradições

Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for Treatment of Severe ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales Infections: A Multicenter Nationwide Clinical Experience (CEFTABUSE II Study)

Background. Few data are reported in the literature about the outcome of patients with severe extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) infections treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), in empiric or definitive therapy.Methods. A multicenter retrospective study was performed in Italy (June 2016-June 2019). Successful clinical outcome was defined as complete resolution of clinical signs/symptoms related to ESBL-E infection and lack of microbiological evidence of infection. The primary end point was to identify predictors of clinical failure of C/T therapy.Results. C/T treatment was documented in 153 patients: pneumonia was the most common diagnosis (n = 46, 30%), followed by 34 cases of complicated urinary tract infections (22.2%). Septic shock was observed in 42 (27.5%) patients. C/T was used as empiric therapy in 46 (30%) patients and as monotherapy in 127 (83%) patients. Favorable clinical outcome was observed in 128 (83.7%) patients; 25 patients were considered to have failed C/T therapy. Overall, 30-day mortality was reported for 15 (9.8%) patients. At multivariate analysis, Charlson comorbidity index >4 (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-3.5; P = .02), septic shock (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 3.8-7.9; P < .001), and continuous renal replacement therapy (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.9-5.3; P = .001) were independently associated with clinical failure, whereas empiric therapy displaying in vitro activity (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.01-0.34; P < .001) and adequate source control of infection (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.14-0.55; P < .001) were associated with clinical success.Conclusions. Data show that C/T could be a valid option in empiric and/or targeted therapy in patients with severe infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacterales. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of clinical failure with standard-dose C/T therapy in septic patients receiving CRRT

How future surgery will benefit from SARS-COV-2-related measures: a SPIGC survey conveying the perspective of Italian surgeons

COVID-19 negatively affected surgical activity, but the potential benefits resulting from adopted measures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in surgical activity and potential benefit from COVID-19 measures in perspective of Italian surgeons on behalf of SPIGC. A nationwide online survey on surgical practice before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic was conducted in March-April 2022 (NCT:05323851). Effects of COVID-19 hospital-related measures on surgical patients' management and personal professional development across surgical specialties were explored. Data on demographics, pre-operative/peri-operative/post-operative management, and professional development were collected. Outcomes were matched with the corresponding volume. Four hundred and seventy-three respondents were included in final analysis across 14 surgical specialties. Since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, application of telematic consultations (4.1% vs. 21.6%; p < 0.0001) and diagnostic evaluations (16.4% vs. 42.2%; p < 0.0001) increased. Elective surgical activities significantly reduced and surgeons opted more frequently for conservative management with a possible indication for elective (26.3% vs. 35.7%; p < 0.0001) or urgent (20.4% vs. 38.5%; p < 0.0001) surgery. All new COVID-related measures are perceived to be maintained in the future. Surgeons' personal education online increased from 12.6% (pre-COVID) to 86.6% (post-COVID; p < 0.0001). Online educational activities are considered a beneficial effect from COVID pandemic (56.4%). COVID-19 had a great impact on surgical specialties, with significant reduction of operation volume. However, some forced changes turned out to be benefits. Isolation measures pushed the use of telemedicine and telemetric devices for outpatient practice and favored communication for educational purposes and surgeon-patient/family communication. From the Italian surgeons' perspective, COVID-related measures will continue to influence future surgical clinical practice

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide