Modelagem matemática da cinética de secagem de cascas da toranja (Citrus paradisi Macf.)

The objective of the present study was to characterize physically the grapefruit peel (Citrus paradisi Macf.) and to model the drying of the dehydrated samples at 60, 70, 80 and 90 ºC, evaluating the model adjustments and the drying rates, in their respective temperatures. In natura barks were characterized by water content, total and soluble solids, water activity, ash, pH, total titratable acidity, Ratio and ascorbic acid. The drying kinetics were performed in an air circulation oven, adjusting eleven mathematical models, considering as fit quality criterion, the determination coefficients (R2) and the mean square deviations (DQM). Grapefruit peels showed high water content and water activity, low acidity and ashes. Ten of the models presented satisfactory adjustments to the drying kinetics, highlighting Page, Logarithmic, Diffusion Approximation and Midilli, with R2> 0.99 and DQM <0.03; the 50% increase in drying temperature resulted in a reduction of the process time by approximately 50%.El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar física y químicamente las cáscaras de pomelo (Citrus paradisi Macf.) y modelar el secado de muestras deshidratadas a 60, 70, 80 y 90 °C, evaluando los ajustes del modelo y las tasas de secado. a sus temperaturas. Las cortezas in natura se caracterizaron por el contenido de agua, sólidos totales y solubles, actividad del agua, cenizas, pH, acidez titulable total, Ratio y ácido ascórbico. La cinética de secado se realizó en un horno de circulación de aire, ajustándose a once modelos matemáticos, donde el criterio de calidad de ajuste se consideró los coeficientes de determinación (R2) y las desviaciones cuadradas medias (DQM). Las cáscaras de pomelo mostraron un alto contenido de agua y actividad del agua, baja acidez y cenizas. Diez de los modelos presentaron ajustes satisfactorios a la cinética de secado, destacando Page, Logarithmic, Diffusion Approximation y Midilli, con R²> 0.99 y DQM <0.03; el aumento del 50% en la temperatura de secado resultó en una reducción del tiempo del proceso en aproximadamente un 50%.O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar físico quimicamente cascas da toranja (Citrus paradisi Macf.) e modelar a secagem das amostras desidratadas a 60, 70, 80 e 90 ºC, avaliando-se os ajustes dos modelos e as taxas de secagem, nas respectivas temperaturas. As cascas in natura foram caracterizadas quanto ao teor de água, sólidos totais e solúveis, atividade de água, cinzas, pH, acidez total titulável, Ratio e ácido ascórbico. A cinética de secagem foi realizada em estufa de circulação de ar, ajustando-se onze modelos matemáticos, sendo considerado como critério de qualidade de ajuste, os coeficientes de determinação (R2) e os desvios quadráticos médios (DQM). As cascas da toranja apresentaram alto teor de água e atividade de água, baixa acidez e cinzas. Dez dos modelos apresentaram ajustes satisfatórios à cinética de secagem, destacando-se Page, Logarítmico, Aproximação de Difusão e Midilli, com R² > 0,99 e DQM < 0,03; o aumento de 50% na temperatura de secagem resultou numa redução do tempo de processo de aproximadamente 50%

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Oral health status of 12-year-old schoolchildren in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, 2010

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:21:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Daniela N Vasconcelos.pdf: 3676935 bytes, checksum: aba32f15c197d1b998a6eddd0043a4eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-20The monitoring of oral health status of populations through epidemiological studies is necessary both to assess the situation and treatment needs and to evaluate the results of actions by public services. The aim of this study was to investigate the oral health status of 12-year-old schoolchildren in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil in 2010. We sought to check the tendency of the conditions surveyed in relation to previous surveys in the municipality and compare the results among the seven Health Districts (HD). We conducted a cross-sectional study using the methodologies of the Brazilian National Oral Health Surveys of 2003 and 2010 in 39 schools (24 public and 15 private) in the municipality. Sample size was calculated using an equation for proportions based on caries prevalence, and was randomly selected in two stages. Data on the following oral conditions were collected through clinical examination: dental caries (Decayed, Missing, or Filled teeth Index - DMFT), periodontal condition (Community Periodontal Index - CPI), dentofacial anomaly (Dental Aesthetics Index - DAI), dental fluorosis (Dean Index) and dental trauma. The study was approved by the Basic Research Institute of the Federal University of Goiás (Report 226/2010). Of the 2,962 students invited to participate in the study, 2,075 were examined (response rate= 70.1%). Caries prevalence was low (46% caries-free children; DMFT= 1.51), showing a downward trend of the disease since the 1980s. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was substantial (18.7%) and there was a predominance of mild levels. Malocclusion was observed in 40.1% of the students, with higher prevalence of definite and severe levels. There were increased levels of fluorosis and malocclusion in relation to data from 2003. The occurrence of periodontal condition (bleeding and/or calculus) was low (7.0%) and lower than that found in 2003. The percentage of students with any type of dental trauma was low (17.2%), and the fracture of enamel was the most prevalent type. For most conditions, the Campinas Center HD had the lowest prevalence and the Northwest HD the highest prevalence. It is concluded that there were changes in the prevalence of the oral conditions surveyed in comparison with previous years and also that there are inequalities that reflect the socioeconomic status of the HD in Goiânia.O monitoramento da condição de saúde bucal das populações por meio de levantamentos epidemiológicos é necessário tanto para o diagnóstico da situação como para estimar necessidades de tratamento e avaliar os resultados das ações pelos serviços públicos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar as condições de saúde bucal de escolares de 12 anos de idade em Goiânia, Goiás, em 2010. Buscou-se verificar a tendência das condições pesquisadas em relação aos levantamentos anteriores no município e comparar os resultados entre os sete Distritos Sanitários (DS). Foi realizado um estudo transversal, utilizando as metodologias dos levantamentos nacionais de saúde bucal de 2003 e 2010, em 39 escolas (24 públicas e 15 privadas) do município. O tamanho da amostra foi calculado usando uma fórmula para proporção simples com base na prevalência da cárie, e foi selecionada de forma aleatória em dois estágios (escolas e escolares). Através de exame clínico, foram coletados dados sobre as seguintes condições bucais: cárie dentária (Índice de Dentes Cariados, Perdidos e Obturados - CPOD), condição periodontal (Indice Periodontal Comunitário - CPI), oclusopatias (Indice de Estética Dental- DAI), fluorose dentária (Indice de Dean) e traumatismo dentário. A pesquisa foi aprovada no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Goiás (Parecer no 226/2010). Do total de 2.962 escolares convidados a participar, 2.075 escolares foram examinados (taxa de resposta= 70,1%). A prevalência de cárie em escolares de 12 anos de Goiânia foi baixa (46% livres de cárie; CPOD=1,51), mostrando uma tendência de declínio da doença desde a década de 1980. A prevalência de fluorose dentária apresentou-se acentuada (18,7%) e houve predomínio dos níveis leves. Oclusopatias foram observadas em 40,1% dos escolares, com maior prevalência dos níveis definida e severa. Houve aumento dos níveis de fluorose e oclusopatias em relação aos dados de 2003. A ocorrência de alterações gengivais foi baixa (7,0%) e inferior a de 2003. O percentual de escolares com algum tipo de traumatismo dentário foi baixo (17,2%), sendo a fratura de esmalte o tipo mais prevalente. Para a maioria das condições, o DS Campinas-Centro apresentou as menores prevalências e o DS Noroeste, as prevalências mais elevadas. Conclui-se que houve mudanças nas prevalências das condições pesquisadas em relação aos anos anteriores e também desigualdades que refletem a situação socioeconômica dos DS em Goiânia

Individual and Contextual Determinants of Periodontal Health in 12-Year-Old Schoolchildren in a Brazilian Capital City

The study aimed to describe periodontal health status and its association with individual and contextual factors among 12-year-old schoolchildren in a midwest Brazilian capital city. This cross-sectional study included data from an oral health survey carried out in 2010 in the city of Goiania, Brazil and secondary data obtained from the local health authority. Data were collected through oral clinical examinations and interviews. For assessment of periodontal status two components of the community periodontal index (CPI) were used: calculus and bleeding after probing. Dependent variable was presence of any periodontal condition. Independent individual variables were the children’s sex and color/race, and their mother’s level of schooling. Contextual variables were related to the schools (type and existence of toothbrushing program) and its geographic location in the health districts. Rao-Scott test and multilevel Poisson analysis were performed. The prevalence of calculus and/or bleeding was 7%. Brown color, public schools, and those located in health district with intermediate socioeconomic indicators were associated to a higher prevalence of this condition. The prevalence of adverse periodontal condition was low and the inequalities in its distribution were determined by individual as well as contextual factors related to the schools and the geographic area

Individual and Contextual Determinants of Periodontal Health in 12-Year-Old Schoolchildren in a Brazilian Capital City

The study aimed to describe periodontal health status and its association with individual and contextual factors among 12-year-old schoolchildren in a midwest Brazilian capital city. This cross-sectional study included data from an oral health survey carried out in 2010 in the city of Goiania, Brazil (n = 2, 075) and secondary data obtained from the local health authority. Data were collected through oral clinical examinations and interviews. For assessment of periodontal status two components of the community periodontal index (CPI) were used: calculus and bleeding after probing. Dependent variable was presence of any periodontal condition. Independent individual variables were the children&apos;s sex and color/race, and their mother&apos;s level of schooling. Contextual variables were related to the schools (type and existence of toothbrushing program) and its geographic location in the health districts. Rao-Scott test and multilevel Poisson analysis were performed. The prevalence of calculus and/or bleeding was 7%. Brown color, public schools, and those located in health district with intermediate socioeconomic indicators were associated to a higher prevalence of this condition. The prevalence of adverse periodontal condition was low and the inequalities in its distribution were determined by individual as well as contextual factors related to the schools and the geographic area

Individual and contextual determinants of malocclusion in 12-year-old schoolchildren in a Brazilian city

The aim of this study was to describe malocclusion prevalence and its association with individual and contextual factors among Brazilian 12-year-old schoolchildren. This cross-sectional study included data from an oral health survey carried out in Goiânia, Brazil (n = 2,075), and data from the files of the local health authority. The data were collected through oral clinical examinations. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to assess occlusion. The presence of malocclusion (DAI > 25) was used as the dependent variable. The individual independent variables consisted of adolescents&#8217; sex and race and their mothers&#8217; level of schooling. The clinical variables were caries experience and presence of adverse periodontal condition (calculus and/or gingival bleeding). The contextual variables included type of school and the location of schools in the city&#8217;s health districts. The Rao-Scott test and multilevel logistic regression were performed. The prevalence of malocclusion was 40.1%. In the final model, significantly higher rates of malocclusion were found among those who attended schools located in less affluent health districts and whose mothers had fewer years of education. Rates were also higher among those presenting calculus and/or gingival bleeding. Malocclusion demonstrated a high prevalence rate and the inequalities in its distribution were determined by individual and contextual factors

Fluorose dentária: prevalência e fatores associados em escolares de 12 anos de Goiânia, Goiás

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2020-03-18T15:28:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Lidia Moraes Ribeiro Jordão - 2015.pdf: 585137 bytes, checksum: c2672a23189b27695c660dd8f847deb1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2020-03-19T12:09:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Lidia Moraes Ribeiro Jordão - 2015.pdf: 585137 bytes, checksum: c2672a23189b27695c660dd8f847deb1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-19T12:09:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Lidia Moraes Ribeiro Jordão - 2015.pdf: 585137 bytes, checksum: c2672a23189b27695c660dd8f847deb1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de fluorose dentária e investigar sua associação com fatores individuais e contextuais entre escolares de 12 anos, além de verificar se houve mudanças na prevalência dessa condição no período de 2003 a 2010. Métodos: Estudo observacional com análise transversal utilizando dados do levantamento de saúde bucal realizado em Goiânia, Goiás, em 2010 (n = 2.075) e dados secundários obtidos da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Os dados foram coletados através de exames bucais em escolas públicas e privadas. A variável dependente foi a presença de fluorose dentária, avaliada pelo índice de Dean. As variáveis independentes individuais foram sociodemográficas (sexo e raça do escolar e grau de escolaridade da mãe) e clínicas (experiência de cárie: índice de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados; e presença de cálculo e/ou sangramento gengival: índice periodontal comunitário). As variáveis contextuais foram relacionadas à escola (tipo e existência de programa de escovação dentária) e sua localização geográfica nos distritos sanitários do município. Foram realizados o teste de Rao-Scott e o cálculo da diferença percentual das prevalências no período de 2003 a 2010. Resultados: A prevalência de fluorose dentária em 2010 foi de 18,7%, distribuída nos graus: muito leve (11,2%), leve (4,4%), moderada (2,6%) e grave (0,5%). Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre prevalência de fluorose dentária e as variáveis investigadas. No período de 2003 a 2010, a prevalência de fluorose dentária aumentou 230% e essa diferença foi significativa. Conclusões: A prevalência de fluorose dentária foi baixa, com predomínio do grau muito leve, aumentou num período de sete anos e não esteve associada aos fatores individuais e contextuais investigadosObjective: To describe the prevalence of dental fluorosis, to investigate its association with individual and contextual variables among 12-year-old schoolchildren, and to determine whether there were changes in the prevalence of this condition from 2003 to 2010. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from an oral health survey carried out in Goiânia, Goiás, in 2010 (n = 2,075), and secondary data from the files of the local health authority. Clinical data were collected through oral examinations in public and private schools. The dependent variable was the presence of dental fluorosis, assessed using the Dean Index. The independent individual variables were sociodemographic characteristics (the child’s gender and race, and the mother’s level of schooling) and those related to clinical conditions (caries experience, evaluated using Decayed, Missing, and Filled teeth index; and presence of periodontal calculus and/or bleeding, evaluated using Community Periodontal Index). The contextual variables were linked to the school (type and existence of toothbrushing program) and its geographic location in the city’s health districts. The Rao-Scott test was performed, and the percentage difference between the prevalences in the period from 2003 to 2010 was calculated. Results: The prevalence of dental fluorosis in 2010 was 18.7%, being distributed as very mild (11.2%), mild (4.4%), moderate (2.6%), and severe (0.5%). No significant association was found between prevalence of dental fluorosis and the investigated variables. The prevalence of fluorosis increased 230% from 2003 to 2010, and such difference was significant. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental fluorosis was low, predominantly of the very mild degree, has increased over a 7-year period, and was not associated with the individual or contextual factors studied