Didáctica de los contenidos socioculturales en la enseñanza de ELE

El presente trabajo reflexiona acerca de  la problemática de la integración de los contenidos socioculturales en la didáctica  del español como lengua extranjera. A partir del hecho, muy frecuente, de que la lengua y la cultura son presentadas de modo escindido, se exploran diferentes modos de abordar la enseñanza de la cultura de la lengua extranjera. Al respecto, se señala  la ingente variedad de abordajes y conceptualizaciones sobre el término “Cultura”, distinguiendo dos  grandes corrientes en la visión de la misma: una que considera a la Cultura, con mayúsculas y  otra que se orienta a la cultura con minúsculas o implícitos culturales. A partir de las categorías de análisis como son: los estereotipos,  la integración  entre la lengua y la cultura, los  patrones de comportamiento, la información cultural, las variedades lingüísticas, los grupos humanos que aparecen, y la reflexión cultural, se opera el análisis y la reflexión de propuestas bibliográficas ilustrativas a los efectos de la exposición. Realizando una descripción integral de nuestra  propuesta de cómo debieran presentarse los contenidos socioculturales al aprendiente de lengua extranjera, en este caso particular, el español. Por último, en las conclusiones, se aborda la problemática de la competencia intercultural, necesaria e indispensable para toda comunicación eficaz

New Constraints on Mass-Dependent Disruption of Star Clusters in M51

We use UBVI,Ha images of the Whirlpool galaxy, M51, taken with the ACS and WFPC2 cameras on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to select star clusters, and to estimate their masses and ages by comparing their observed colors with predictions from population synthesis models. We construct the mass function of intermediate age (1-4x10^8 yr) clusters, and find that it is well described by a power law, psi(M) propto M^beta, with beta=-2.1 +/- 0.2, for clusters more massive than approximately 6x10^3 Msun. This extends the mass function of intermediate age clusters in M51 to masses lower by nearly a factor of five over previous determinations. The mass function does not show evidence for curvature at either the high or low mass end. This shape indicates that there is no evidence for the earlier disruption of lower mass clusters compared with their higher mass counterparts (i.e., no mass-dependent disruption) over the observed range of masses and ages, or for a physical upper mass limit Mc with which clusters in M51 can form. These conclusions differ from previous suggestions based on poorer-quality HST observations. We discuss their implications for the formation and disruption of the clusters. Ages of clusters in two "feathers," stellar features extending from the outer portion of a spiral arm, show that the feather with a larger pitch angle formed earlier, and over a longer period, than the other.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures; to be published in ApJ, 727, 8

Large-scale shock-ionized and photo-ionized gas in M83: the impact of star formation

We investigate the ionization structure of the nebular gas in M83 using the line diagnostic diagram, [O III](5007 \degA)/H{\beta} vs. [S II](6716 \deg A+6731 \deg A)/H{\alpha} with the newly available narrowband images from the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We produce the diagnostic diagram on a pixel-by-pixel (0.2" x 0.2") basis and compare it with several photo- and shock-ionization models. For the photo-ionized gas, we observe a gradual increase of the log([O III]/H{\beta}) ratios from the center to the spiral arm, consistent with the metallicity gradient, as the H II regions go from super solar abundance to roughly solar abundance from the center out. Using the diagnostic diagram, we separate the photo-ionized from the shock-ionized component of the gas. We find that the shock-ionized H{\alpha} emission ranges from ~2% to about 15-33% of the total, depending on the separation criteria used. An interesting feature in the diagnostic diagram is an horizontal distribution around log([O III]/H{\beta}) ~ 0. This feature is well fit by a shock-ionization model with 2.0 Z\odot metallicity and shock velocities in the range of 250 km/s to 350 km/s. A low velocity shock component, < 200 km/s, is also detected, and is spatially located at the boundary between the outer ring and the spiral arm. The low velocity shock component can be due to : 1) supernova remnants located nearby, 2) dynamical interaction between the outer ring and the spiral arm, 3) abnormal line ratios from extreme local dust extinction. The current data do not enable us to distinguish among those three possible interpretations. Our main conclusion is that, even at the HST resolution, the shocked gas represents a small fraction of the total ionized gas emission at less than 33% of the total. However, it accounts for virtually all of the mechanical energy produced by the central starburst in M83.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. aastex preprint 12pt, 21 pages, 13 figure

La vulneración al debido proceso, en la aplicación del método Widmark en los delitos de conducción en estado de ebriedad en la segunda fiscalía corporativa de Huánuco, año 2022

El objetivo de la presente investigación en que se enmarcó fue en determinar cómo influye la aplicación del método widmark en los delitos de conducción en estado de ebriedad en nuestra localidad, toda vez que sobre muestra probabilísticas se están estableciendo sanciones de carácter penal. Nuestra investigación es de tipo: Aplicada, con enfoque: Cuantitativa, alcance: Descriptivo, Correlacional – Causal y diseño: No experimental transaccionalcorrelacional. Se elaboró con un patrón de 10 fiscales y 10 Disposiciones de archivo de investigación preliminar, la muestra se ha obtenido por conveniencia del tesista, en cuanto a los instrumentos de acopio de información se usó los cuestionarios, las fichas y la guía de análisis de las disposiciones de archivo, para luego procesar los datos y representarlo en tablas y figuras. Conforme a los resultados de la presente investigación se ha determinado que la aplicación del método widmark, resulta atentatorio al principio de legalidad y debido proceso, toda vez que, a través de ese medio de prueba probabilístico, se están estableciendo sanciones. Para finalizar, es necesario precisar que, con este trabajo se está proponiendo [a través de las recomendaciones] alternativas de solución al problema

Pregnancy outcomes and vaccine effectiveness during the period of omicron as the variant of concern, INTERCOVID-2022: a multinational, observational study

Background In 2021, we showed an increased risk associated with COVID-19 in pregnancy. Since then, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has undergone genetic mutations. We aimed to examine the effects on maternal and perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 during pregnancy, and evaluate vaccine effectiveness, when omicron (B.1.1.529) was the variant of concern. Methods INTERCOVID-2022 is a large, prospective, observational study, involving 41 hospitals across 18 countries. Each woman with real-time PCR or rapid test, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in pregnancy was compared with two unmatched women without a COVID-19 diagnosis who were recruited concomitantly and consecutively in pregnancy or at delivery. Mother and neonate dyads were followed until hospital discharge. Primary outcomes were maternal morbidity and mortality index (MMMI), severe neonatal morbidity index (SNMI), and severe perinatal morbidity and mortality index (SPMMI). Vaccine effectiveness was estimated, adjusted by maternal risk profile. Findings We enrolled 4618 pregnant women from Nov 27, 2021 (the day after WHO declared omicron a variant of concern), to June 30, 2022: 1545 (33%) women had a COVID-19 diagnosis (median gestation 36·7 weeks [IQR 29·0–38·9]) and 3073 (67%) women, with similar demographic characteristics, did not have a COVID-19 diagnosis. Overall, women with a diagnosis had an increased risk for MMMI (relative risk [RR] 1·16 [95% CI 1·03–1·31]) and SPMMI (RR 1·21 [95% CI 1·00–1·46]). Women with a diagnosis, compared with those without a diagnosis, also had increased risks of SNMI (RR 1·23 [95% CI 0·88–1·71]), although the lower bounds of the 95% CI crossed unity. Unvaccinated women with a COVID-19 diagnosis had a greater risk of MMMI (RR 1·36 [95% CI 1·12–1·65]). Severe COVID-19 symptoms in the total sample increased the risk of severe maternal complications (RR 2·51 [95% CI 1·84–3·43]), perinatal complications (RR 1·84 [95% CI 1·02–3·34]), and referral, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, or death (RR 11·83 [95% CI 6·67–20·97]). Severe COVID-19 symptoms in unvaccinated women increased the risk of MMMI (RR 2·88 [95% CI 2·02–4·12]) and referral, ICU admission, or death (RR 20·82 [95% CI 10·44–41·54]). 2886 (63%) of 4618 total participants had at least a single dose of any vaccine, and 2476 (54%) of 4618 had either complete or booster doses. Vaccine effectiveness (all vaccines combined) for severe complications of COVID-19 for all women with a complete regimen was 48% (95% CI 22–65) and 76% (47–89) after a booster dose. For women with a COVID-19 diagnosis, vaccine effectiveness of all vaccines combined for women with a complete regimen was 74% (95% CI 48–87) and 91% (65–98) after a booster dose. Interpretation COVID-19 in pregnancy, during the first 6 months of omicron as the variant of concern, was associated with increased risk of severe maternal morbidity and mortality, especially among symptomatic and unvaccinated women. Women with complete or boosted vaccine doses had reduced risk for severe symptoms, complications, and death. Vaccination coverage among pregnant women remains a priority

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE : Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, saw first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-deg field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366-959nm at R similar to 5000, or two shorter ranges at . After summarizing the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organization, science drivers, and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for similar to 3 million stars and detailed abundances for similar to 1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey similar to 0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects, and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey similar to 400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionized gas in z &lt; 0.5 cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in field galaxies at 0.3 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 0.7; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using &gt;1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; and (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z &gt; 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator