Teaching the history of literacy through an analysis of school notebooks

La descripción y narración de experiencias en distintos niveles del sistema educativo puede dar cuenta de las líneas de investigación llevadas a cabo en universidades y comunicar resultados útiles para futuras propuestas y desarrollos teóricos y didácticos. En el presente trabajo describimos una consigna implementada en una carrera universitaria para docentes, que busca aproximarse a diversos aspectos de la historia de la alfabetización en Argentina, con especial atención en cómo atravesaron los distintos cambios y procesos los sujetos involucrados en esas instancias de aprendizaje. Presentamos una consigna de trabajo que llevamos adelante como parte del equipo docente del módulo Historia de la Alfabetización y la Enseñanza de la Lectura y la Escritura, que forma parte de la Licenciatura en Enseñanza de la Lectura y la Escritura para la Educación Primaria dictada en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (UNIPE) de Argentina en la que los y las estudiantes, docentes en ejercicio, deben analizar un cuaderno de clase de primer o segundo año de una escuela primaria de nuestro país. Para ello, nos basamos en los postulados de la etnografía de la educación y en la didáctica de la lengua y la literatura de perspectiva etnográfica ya que nos abocamos al estudio de lo no documentado en el campo de la alfabetización en Argentina. A partir del análisis de la resolución de la consigna por una de nuestras estudiantes, se evidencia que el trabajo con materiales escolares permite un acercamiento a aquellos aspectos de la enseñanza que no quedan plasmados en la historia documentada de la educación.The description and narration of experiences at different levels of the educational system give an account of the lines of research being carried out in universities and can also communicate useful results for future proposals and developments. In this paper, we describe an activity implemented in a university training course for teachers that seeks to approach different aspects of the history of literacy in Argentina, with special attention to how the subjects involved in these learning instances went through the different changes and processes. For this purpose, we present a work assignment that we carried out as part of the teaching team of the History of Literacy and the Teaching of Reading and Writing module, which is part of the Bachelor's Degree in Teaching Reading and Writing for Primary Education at the National Pedagogical University (UNIPE) of Argentina, in which the students must analyze a class notebook from the first or second year of an elementary school in our country. For this purpose, we rely on the postulates of the ethnography of education and on the didactics of language and literature from an ethnographic perspective since we focus on the study of the undocumented in the field of literacy in Argentina. From the analysis of one of our students' resolution of the slogan, it is evident that working with school materials allows an approach to those aspects of teaching that are not reflected in the documented history of education.Fil: Morini, Luciana Daniela. Universidad Pedagógica Nacional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Marcos Bernasconi, Luisina. Universidad Pedagógica Nacional; Argentin

La profesión académica en Chile: 50 años en cuatro momentos / The academic profession in chile: 50 years in four moments

En este artículo se presentan algunos de los resultados para Chile de la recienteencuesta de la profesión académica APIKS (Academic Profession in the Knowledge Based Society) 2018-2019, en el contexto de una trayectoria de 50 años de la deliberación y práctica universitaria en Chile sobre en qué consiste ser un académico o profesor. Esta pregunta se examina en cuatro momentos: el de la reforma universitaria de fines de los años 1960, el de la dictadura y las reformas de los años 1980, el de la transición a la democracia a inicios de 1990, y el de la época contemporánea. En él se cotejan los resultados de APIKS Chile, con la encuesta Carnegie, aplicada en Chile entre 1991 y 1993. Se devela una tendencia general hacia la construcción, primero, y la hegemonía, después, del perfil del académico caracterizado por la posesión del grado de doctor, la generación recursos para la investigación, y la publicación de sus trabajos en revistas de corriente principal

From the defeat create spring" Social movements in Latin-american from the 90s building people’s power. SeLVIP case

La Secretaría Latinoamericana de Vivienda Popular (SeLViP) nuclea diversas organizaciones latinoamericanas de construcción autogestionaria del hábitat. La tomamos como caso para aportar nuevos insumos al estudio de la construcción de identidades, estrategias y prácticas concretas de las organizaciones sociales en el contexto de imposición del neoliberalimo. Nos basamos en el material producido por la SeLViP y las organizaciones que la integran, testimonios directos de los protagonistas de dichas experiencias y material académico que brinde marco teórico a la investigación de los movimientos sociales latinoamericanos.The Latin-American ministry of low income housing (SeLViP) gathers different Latin-American self-managed organizations of construction of dwelling. We use this as a case to contribute with new material for the study of the construction of identities, strategies and concrete practice of the social organizations in the context in which neoliberalism imposes itself. We based our work on the material produced by the SelViP and the organizations that take part in it, direct testimonies of the protagonists of this experiences and academic material that gives theoretical frame to the investigation of the Latin-American social movements.Fil: Alvarez, Victoria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Departamento de Historia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; ArgentinaFil: Bernasconi Tappero, Adrián. Escuela Terciaria de Estudios Radiofónicos; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, Daniela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Departamento de Historia; Argentin

Performance of V3-based HIV-1 sero subtyping in HIV endemic areas

HIV-1 serosubtyping based on reactivity to peptides from the V3 region of gp120 is a low-cost and easy to perform procedure often used in geographical areas with high prevalence and incidence of HIV infection. We evaluated the performance of V3-based serotyping on 148 sera from 118 HIV-1-infected individuals living in Uganda, with estimated dates of seroconversion. Of the 148 tested samples, 68 (46.0%) specifically reacted with only one of the V3 peptides included in the test (SP), 64 (43.2%) did not react with any peptide (NR) and 16 (10.8%) reacted with two or more peptides (CR). According to the estimated seroconversion date, the large majority of samples collected early after infection belonged to the NR group. These samples had also a low Avidity Index. In contrast, samples collected later after infection belonged mainly to CR and SP groups and had also a higher avidity index. These results indicate that the performance of V3-based assays depends on maturation of HIV-specific immune response and can be significantly lowered when these tests are carried out on specimens collected from recently infected individuals

Prognostic factors for thrombosis, myelofibrosis, and leukemia in essential thrombocythemia: a study of 605 patients

Background Essential thrombocythemia is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder; patients with this disorder have a propensity to develop thrombosis, myelofibrosis, and leukemia. Design and Methods We studied 605 patients with essential thrombocythemia (follow-up 4596 person-years) with the aim of defining prognostic factors for thrombosis, myelofibrosis, and leukemia during follow-up. Results Sixty-six patients (11%) developed thrombosis with a 10-year risk of 14%. Age >60 years ( p 60 years ( p =0.02) was significantly correlated with the development of leukemia. Cytotoxic treatment did not imply a higher risk of leukemia. At the time of the analysis, 64 of the 605 patients (10.6%) had died. The 10-year probability of survival was 88%, with a median survival of 22.3 years. Age >60 years ( p <0.001) and history of thrombosis ( p =0.001) were independent risk factors for survival. Conclusions The findings from this study on a large series of patients treated according to current clinical practice provide reassurance that essential thrombocythemia is an indolent disorder and affected patients have a long survival. The main risk is thrombosis, while myelofibrosis and leukemia are rare and late complications

Aberrant DNA methylation profiles of inherited and sporadic colorectal cancer

Background: Aberrant DNA methylation has been widely investigated in sporadic colorectal carcinomas (CRCs), and extensive work has been performed to characterize different methylation profiles of CRC. Less information is available about the role of epigenetics in hereditary CRC and about the possible clinical use of epigenetic biomarkers in CRC, regardless of the etiopathogenesis. Long interspersed nucleotide element 1 (LINE-1) hypomethylation and gene-specific hypermethylation of 38 promoters were analyzed in multicenter series of 220 CRCs including 71 Lynch (Lynch colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability (LS-MSI)), 23 CRCs of patients under 40 years in which the main inherited CRC syndromes had been excluded (early-onset colorectal cancer with microsatellite stability (EO-MSS)), and 126 sporadic CRCs, comprising 28 cases with microsatellite instability (S-MSI) and 98 that were microsatellite stable (S-MSS). All tumor methylation patterns were integrated with clinicopathological and genetic characteristics, namely chromosomal instability (CIN), TP53 loss, BRAF, and KRAS mutations. Results: LS-MSI mainly showed absence of extensive DNA hypo-and hypermethylation. LINE-1 hypomethylation was observed in a subset of LS-MSI that were associated with the worse prognosis. Genetically, they commonly displayed G:A transition in the KRAS gene and absence of a CIN phenotype and of TP53 loss. S-MSI exhibited a specific epigenetic profile showing low rates of LINE-1 hypomethylation and extensive gene hypermethylation. S-MSI were mainly characterized by MLH1 methylation, BRAF mutation, and absence of a CIN phenotype and of TP53 loss. By contrast, S-MSS showed a high frequency of LINE-1 hypomethylation and of CIN, and they were associated with a worse prognosis. EO-MSS were a genetically and epigenetically heterogeneous group of CRCs. Like LS-MSI, some EO-MSS displayed low rates of DNA hypo-or hypermethylation and frequent G:A transitions in the KRAS gene, suggesting that a genetic syndrome might still be unrevealed in these patients. By contrast, some EO-MSS showed similar features to those observed in S-MSS, such as LINE-1 hypomethylation, CIN, and TP53 deletion. In all four classes, hypermethylation of ESR1, GATA5, and WT1 was very common. Conclusions: Aberrant DNA methylation analysis allows the identification of different subsets of CRCs. This study confirms the potential utility of methylation tests for early detection of CRC and suggests that LINE-1 hypomethylation may be a useful prognostic marker in both sporadic and inherited CRCs

Molecular characterization of HIV-1 subtype C gp-120 regions potentially involved in virus adaptive mechanisms

The role of variable regions of HIV-1 gp120 in immune escape of HIV has been investigated. However, there is scant information on how conserved gp120 regions contribute to virus escaping. Here we have studied how molecular sequence characteristics of conserved C3, C4 and V3 regions of clade C HIV-1 gp120 that are involved in HIV entry and are target of the immune response, are modulated during the disease course. We found an increase of "shifting" putative N-glycosylation sites (PNGSs) in the α2 helix (in C3) and in C4 and an increase of sites under positive selection pressure in the α2 helix during the chronic stage of disease. These sites are close to CD4 and to co-receptor binding sites. We also found a negative correlation between electric charges of C3 and V4 during the late stage of disease counteracted by a positive correlation of electric charges of α2 helix and V5 during the same stage. These data allow us to hypothesize possible mechanisms of virus escape involving constant and variable regions of gp120. In particular, new mutations, including new PNGSs occurring near the CD4 and CCR5 binding sites could potentially affect receptor binding affinity and shield the virus from the immune response. © 2014 Cenci et al

HIV Infection among Illegal Migrants, Italy, 2004–2007

To determine HIV prevalence and place of exposure for illegal migrants in Italy, we tested 3,003 illegal adult migrants for HIV; 29 (0.97%) were HIV positive. Antibody avidity index results (indicators of time of infection) were available for 27 of those persons and showed that 6 (22.2%) presumably acquired their infection after migration

MGMT methylation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: validation of quantitative methylation-specific PCR and comparison with MGMT protein expression.

AIMS: (1) To validate a quantitative real time methylation specific PCR assay (MethyLight) for the detection of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene methylation status (MS) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). (2) To determine the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of the MGMT protein and correlate it with MS. Both IHC and MethyLight results were compared with patient's outcome. METHODS: 71 patients with primary nodal DLBCL were studied. MGMT immunoreactivity was detected using a specific monoclonal antibody. The MS of MGMT gene was analysed in 52/71 DLBCL using MethyLight. A selected subset of 40 DLBCL was also analysed using qualitative methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Statistical analysis of overall survival (OS), lymphoma-specific survival (LSS) and progression free survival (PFS) was performed according to IHC and MS results. RESULTS: 19/71 DLBCLs (27%) were MGMT-negative at IHC; all were analysed, together with 33/52 MGMT-positive DLBCLs. MethyLight showed a better performance than MSP. There was a good correlation between the presence of MGMT expression and the unmethylated status; the absence of IHC expression was poorly correlated with the presence of methylation. Better OS, LSS and PFS was found in DLBCLs with MGMT gene methylation. DLBCLs not expressing MGMT at IHC showed a longer PFS. CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative real-time methylation-specific PCR assay for the detection of MGMT gene hypermethylation has been validated for the first time in DLBCL. Immunohistochemistry seems to represent an useful preliminary test to identify unmethylated cases; MS analysis may be performed in non-immunoreactive cases to identify truly methylated DLBCLs, which bear a better prognosis