Estimating entanglement of unknown states

The experimental determination of entanglement is a major goal in the quantum information field. In general the knowledge of the state is required in order to quantify its entanglement. Here we express a lower bound to the robustness of entanglement of a state based only on the measurement of the energy observable and on the calculation of a separability energy. This allows the estimation of entanglement dismissing the knowledge of the state in question.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure. Comments welcome. V2: references updated. Accepted version by Applied Physics Letter

A ficção de Pepetela e a ressignificação do discurso da revolução no pós-independência

Nas narrativas “o cão e os caluandas” e o “desejo de kianda”, de Pepetela, os personagens trazem as digitais do exercício do poder colonial e fixam os valores da metrópole no espaço negro, fazendo com que permaneçam os efeitos de sentido das vozes da administração lusitana na prática administrativa do pós 75 em angola. Este texto evidencia, a partir da materialidade ficcional de Pepetela, como o discurso de resistência à empresa colonial portuguesa toma outras funções no pós-independência. Os estudos de Bakhtin, Cassirer, Pêcheux, Memmi e Rita Chaves servem como base teórico-crítica

O Sujeito Híbrido e a Não-pertença em Rui Knopfli

ResumoEste estudo trata a respeito da condição híbrida e do não-pertencimento do sujeito poético do escritor moçambicano Rui Knopfli. Em seus poemas, o que percebemos é que não se representa um sujeito coadunado aos princípios do colonialismo, ao passo que não se conforta como sujeito engajado no contexto político pós-independência. Dessa maneira, acaba por empreender um movimento diaspórico e exila-se em outros espaços em que possa se sentir habitado de sentido, encontrando em sua poética, o refúgio para escapar ao não-pertencimento. As questões do sujeito híbrido knopfliano dentro de seu contexto de produção, serão abordadas neste estudo, detendo-se, especificamente, em poemas e recortes discursivos nos quais fica mais evidente o espaço da não-pertença. É a partir da materialidade poética de Knopfli, amparando-se  em Augé, Bachelard, Hall, Monteiro, Said, Subarits entre outros, que discutiremos a pemanência da imagem colonial no discurso do poeta moçambicano e o entre espaço como lugar de enunciação poética. Palavras-Chave: Rui Knopfli, literatura moçambicana, não-pertença, poesia. Abstract: This study deals with the hybrid condition and non-belonging of the poetic subject of the Mozambican writer Rui Knopfli. In his poems, what we perceive is that one does not represent a subject in accordance with the principles of colonialism, while he does not comfort himself as a subject engaged in the post-independence political context. In this way, he eventually undertakes a diasporic movement and exiles himself in other spaces where he can feel inhabited by sense, finding in his poetics the refuge to escape non-belonging. The questions of the hybrid subject knopfliano within its context of production, will be approached in this study, stopping, specifically, in poems and discursive cuts in which the space of non-belonging is most evident. It is based on the poetic materiality of Knopfli, relying on Augé, Bachelard, Hall, Monteiro, Said, Subarits among others, that we will discuss the emergence of the colonial image in the speech of the Mozambican poet and the space as a place of poetic enunciation. Key Words: Rui Knopfli, Mozambican literature, non-belonging, poetry

Estrategia de Negociación Comercial de Uruguay. Visiones de Agentes Involucrados

Uruguay has undergone a gradual trade liberalization process that has opened the economy to the world. The country is currently conducting trade negotiations that can considerably improve its access to developed countries markets. Based on interviews with enterprises, trade unions and government authorities, this paper aims at identifying the main interests of different sectors and agents involved in trade negotiations. MERCOSUR was indicated by the agents as the main subject of trade negotiations, considering the relevant concessions already achieved by the country within this regional agreement. Developed countries are regarded as suppliers of intermediate inputs and capital goods in order to improve competition in regional markets and as potential markets for agricultural and agroindustrial products. Other regional markets are considered to be less important. Uruguay is a small country with a highly specialized productive pattern, so the availability of intermediate inputs of appropriate price and quality was mentioned as an important priority by most of the agentes interviewed. On the other hand, there is no consensus regarding the future direction of trade negotiations; in particular, different opinions concerning the future of MERCOSUR coexist and a short - term view prevails.MERCOSUR, negociación externa, instrumentos de política comercial.

The Impact of Sex and Performance Level on Pacing Behavior in a 24-h Ultramarathon

Purpose: We analyzed the impact of sex, performance level and substantial speed reductions (SSR) on pacing in the VI Rio 24-h Marines Ultramarathon. This will provide insights into the importance of minimizing speed variations in relation to optimal pacing in endurance events. Methods: Runners (30 males and 21 females), classified as high- (HP) and low-performance (LP) ran the race while having their time recorded every 400 m. The pacing was analyzed as the first 10% (initial epoch), the following 80% (intermediate epoch) and the last 10% of the race (final epoch). The time percentage spent at speeds 8.0 km·h−1 (running speed) was calculated. Results: Runners showed a reverse J-shaped pacing (P < 0.001) regardless of sex and performance level, although male (P < 0.004) and HP runners (P < 0.001) have preserved a higher mean speed throughout the race. Male and HP runners spent more time at running speed (P < 0.001) and less time at SSR (P < 0.001) than female and LP runners. Total distance was inversely correlated with the number of SSR and speed CV in male (r = −0.47 and r = −0.64, respectively) and female (r = −0.61 and r = −0.47, respectively). Conclusion: Male, HP runners showed less SSR, conserving a higher mean speed with less variation throughout the race. Results suggest that conservative pacing strategies, with lower speeds in the beginning and higher speeds toward the end, may be the most adequate for different endurance running disciplines. Results also show different competition dynamics between men and women, which warrants further exploration in ultramarathons as well as other IAAF events