Geografia e arte cinematográfica : uma análise do espaço na obra fílmica de Luis Buñuel

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, 2014.Partindo do principio de que vários pesquisadores vêm explorando sob vários ângulos a interface das linguagens geográfica e cinematográfica, esse trabalho tem como objetivo principal testar a viabilidade ou não de se construir uma ponte entre a geografia e a obra do cineasta Luis Buñuel. O aporte epistemológico da Geografia Humanística, baseada no método fenomenológico, em que a chamada “Geopoética” encontra-se inserida, propiciou a aproximação entre geografia e arte e a consequente justaposição entre geografia e cinema. O trabalho se desenvolveu em quatro diferentes etapas. Na primeira, falamos sobre o método de Análise Fílmica, procurando demonstrar como operacionalizá-la para estudos de caso. Na segunda, abordamos o que os geógrafos culturais brasileiros vêm produzindo na área de cinema. Na terceira, nos valemos do “caso empírico” Buñuel, analisando sua biografia para tentar entender como as ambiências aparecem em sua obra e buscando interpretar a relação das personagens com espaços fílmicos. Na quarta e última etapa, nos guiamos por um protocolo de parâmetros sugeridos por uma ficha de análise para procedermos ao exame da obra do diretor – lançando, portanto, um “olhar geográfico” sobre seus filmes. Para tanto, foi definida como objeto de exame uma amostra de dezoito obras do referido autor. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTBased on the fact that many researchers have been exploring from several angles the interface between geographical and cinematic language, this work aims to test the viability or not to build a bridge between Geography and the work of the filmmaker Luis Buñuel. The epistemological contribution of Humanistic Geography, based on the phenomenological method, in which the so-called "Geopoetics" lies inserted, provided the connection between Geography and Art and the consequent juxtaposition between Geography and cinema. The work was developed in four different stages. At first, we talked about the method of filmic analysis, trying to demonstrate how to operationalize it in case studies. In the second, we discuss what Brazilian cultural geographers have been producing in the field of cinema. In the third, we avail of the "empirical case" Buñuel, analyzing his biography searching to understand how ambiences appear in his work and seeking to interpret the relationship between characters and filmic spaces. The fourth and final step, We are guided by a parameters protocol suggested by an analysis form to proceed to the examination of the work of the director - giving, therefore, a "geographical look" on his films. For that, It was defined as an object of examination a sample of eighteen works of that author

Semiologia da articulação temporomandibular

The base for the diagnosis of cause and effect is an agreement of the normal form and its relation with the function. It can still be considered that if it does not find a riot in the function, without a corresponding degree of alteration in the structure. Therefore, and for the fact of that a basic knowledge of the sthomatognatic system starts with the joint to temporomandibular (TMJ), it is basic the structural and anatomical study of this structure. The TMJ is a set of anatomical structures that, with the participation of special muscular groups, they make possible to the mandible to execute varied movements during the chew. Biaxial complex is classified in the synovial category, having had as component anatomical the articulate surfaces, the articulate disc, the capsules, the ligaments, beyond the synovial membranes. The articulate surfaces are formed by a surface of the head of the mandible and by a surface of the articulate part of the temporal bone. The situations will be presented all here that the TMJ can be involved as the Anatomy, Physiology, Histology, Pathology, Examinations, Diagnosis, Diagnosis for image, Riots, Trauma and the Treatment

Acionador automático para irrigar plantas

Despite the massive demand of water for plant irrigation, there are few devices being used in the automation of this process in agriculture. This work evaluates a simple controller to water plants automatically that can be set up with low cost commercial materials, which are large-scale produced. This controller is composed by a ceramic capsule used in common domestic water filters; a plastic tube around 1.5 m long, and a pressostate used in domestic washing machines. The capsule and the pressostate are connected through the tube so that all parts are filled with water. The ceramic capsule is the sensor of the controller and has to be placed into the plant substrate. The pressostate has to be placed below the sensor and the lower it is, the higher is the water tension to start the irrigation, since the lower is the pressostate the higher is the water column above it and, therefore, the higher is the tension inside the ceramic cup to pull up the water column. The controller was evaluated in the control of drip irrigation for small containers filled with commercial organic substrate or soil. Linear regressions explained the relationship between the position of pressostate and the maximum water tension in the commercial substrate (p < 0.0054) and soil (p < 0.0001). Among the positions of the pressostate from 0.30 to 0.90 m below the sensor, the water tension changed from 1 to 8 kPa for commercial substrate and 4 to 13 kPa for the soil. This simple controller can be useful to grow plants, applying water automatically in function of the water tension of the plant substrate.A despeito da enorme demanda por água na irrigação de plantas, existem poucos aparelhos para automação deste processo sendo usados na agricultura. Avaliou-se um acionador automático para irrigação, o qual pode ser confeccionado com materiais comerciais de baixo custo, pois são produzidos em larga escala. Este acionador é composto por uma cápsula cerâmica usada em filtros de água domésticos; um tubo plástico com cerca de um metro e meio de comprimento e um pressostato de máquinas de lavar roupas domésticas. A cápsula e o pressostato são conectados pelo tubo de forma que todo o espaço interno seja preenchido com água. A cápsula é o sensor do acionador e deve ser posicionada dentro do substrato das plantas. O pressostato deve ser posicionado abaixo do sensor e quanto mais baixo ele estiver, maior é a tensão da água que aciona a irrigação, pois quanto mais baixo estiver o pressostato, maior é a coluna de água acima do mesmo e, portanto, maior é a tensão na cápsula cerâmica para puxar para cima a coluna de água. O acionador foi avaliado no controle da irrigação por gotejamento em pequenos potes preenchidos com substrato orgânico comercial ou solo. Regressões lineares explicaram a relação entre a posição do pressostato e a tensão máxima no substrato comercial (p < 0,0054) e no solo (p < 0,0001). Entre as posições do pressostato de 0,30 a 0,90 m abaixo do sensor, a tensão da água variou de 1 a 8 kPa para o substrato comercial e de 4 a 13 kPa para o solo. Este simples acionador pode ser útil para cultivar plantas, aplicando água automaticamente em função da tensão da água no substrato das plantas

Thermodynamic modeling of phases equilibrium in aqueous systems to recover potassium chloride from natural brines

AbstractChemical fertilizers, such as potassium chloride, ammonium nitrate and other chemical products like sodium hydroxide and soda ash are produced from electrolyte solutions or brines with a high content of soluble salts. Some of these products are manufactured by fractional crystallization, when several salts are separated as solid phases with high purity (>90%). Due to the large global demand for potassium fertilizers, a good knowledge about the compositions of salts and brines is helpful to design an effective process. A thermodynamic model based on Pitzer and Harvie's model was used to predict the composition of crystallized salts after water removal by forced evaporation and cooling from multicomponent solutions or brines. Initially, the salts’ solubilities in binary systems (NaCl–H2O, KCl–H2O and MgCl2–H2O) and ternary system (KCl–MgCl2–H2O) were calculated at 20°C and compared with literature data. Next, the model was compared to our experimental data on the quinary system NaCl–KCl–MgCl2–CaCl2–H2O system at 20°C. The Pitzer and Harvie's model represented well both the binary and ternary systems. Besides, for the quinary system the fit was good for brine densities up to 1350kg/m3. The models were used to estimate the chemical composition of the solutions and salts produced by fractional crystallization and in association with material balance to respond to issues related to the production rates in a solar pond containing several salts dissolved, for instance, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2

Automatic controller to water plants

Despite the massive demand of water for plant irrigation, there are few devices being used in the automation of this process in agriculture. This work evaluates a simple controller to water plants automatically that can be set up with low cost commercial materials, which are large-scale produced. This controller is composed by a ceramic capsule used in common domestic water filters; a plastic tube around 1.5 m long, and a pressostate used in domestic washing machines. The capsule and the pressostate are connected through the tube so that all parts are filled with water. The ceramic capsule is the sensor of the controller and has to be placed into the plant substrate. The pressostate has to be placed below the sensor and the lower it is, the higher is the water tension to start the irrigation, since the lower is the pressostate the higher is the water column above it and, therefore, the higher is the tension inside the ceramic cup to pull up the water column. The controller was evaluated in the control of drip irrigation for small containers filled with commercial organic substrate or soil. Linear regressions explained the relationship between the position of pressostate and the maximum water tension in the commercial substrate (p < 0.0054) and soil (p < 0.0001). Among the positions of the pressostate from 0.30 to 0.90 m below the sensor, the water tension changed from 1 to 8 kPa for commercial substrate and 4 to 13 kPa for the soil. This simple controller can be useful to grow plants, applying water automatically in function of the water tension of the plant substrate.A despeito da enorme demanda por água na irrigação de plantas, existem poucos aparelhos para automação deste processo sendo usados na agricultura. Avaliou-se um acionador automático para irrigação, o qual pode ser confeccionado com materiais comerciais de baixo custo, pois são produzidos em larga escala. Este acionador é composto por uma cápsula cerâmica usada em filtros de água domésticos; um tubo plástico com cerca de um metro e meio de comprimento e um pressostato de máquinas de lavar roupas domésticas. A cápsula e o pressostato são conectados pelo tubo de forma que todo o espaço interno seja preenchido com água. A cápsula é o sensor do acionador e deve ser posicionada dentro do substrato das plantas. O pressostato deve ser posicionado abaixo do sensor e quanto mais baixo ele estiver, maior é a tensão da água que aciona a irrigação, pois quanto mais baixo estiver o pressostato, maior é a coluna de água acima do mesmo e, portanto, maior é a tensão na cápsula cerâmica para puxar para cima a coluna de água. O acionador foi avaliado no controle da irrigação por gotejamento em pequenos potes preenchidos com substrato orgânico comercial ou solo. Regressões lineares explicaram a relação entre a posição do pressostato e a tensão máxima no substrato comercial (p < 0,0054) e no solo (p < 0,0001). Entre as posições do pressostato de 0,30 a 0,90 m abaixo do sensor, a tensão da água variou de 1 a 8 kPa para o substrato comercial e de 4 a 13 kPa para o solo. Este simples acionador pode ser útil para cultivar plantas, aplicando água automaticamente em função da tensão da água no substrato das plantas

Risk assessment of the occurrence of aflatoxin and fungi in peanuts and cashew nuts

In the present study, the occurrence of fungi and aflatoxins (AFs) in peanut and cashew nut samples was investigated. Mycological analysis revealed the presence of fungi in 58.8% of samples, and assessment of AFs by chromatographic methods revealed that 52.9% were contaminated by AFs. AFB1 was the principal component in all AF-contaminated samples, with a mean level of 14.0, and 1.08 µg/kg in peanut and cashew nut, respectively. Eleven samples (32.4%) exceeded the total AF maximum level (4 μg/kg) and 8 samples (23.5%) exceeded the AFB1 (2 μg/kg) established by the European Commission. Our findings suggest that the incidence of AFs emphasizes the need for regular monitoring and a more stringent food safety system to control AFs at the lowest possible levels in peanuts and cashew nuts. The hypothetical dietary exposure suggests that the food products evaluated may significantly contribute to the overall human exposure

A baculovirus-mediated strategy for full-length plant virus coat protein expression and purification

Background: Garlic production is severely affected by virus infection, causing a decrease in productivity and quality. There are no virus-free cultivars and garlic-infecting viruses are difficult to purify, which make specific antibody production very laborious. Since high quality antisera against plant viruses are important tools for serological detection, we have developed a method to express and purify full-length plant virus coat proteins using baculovirus expression system and insects as bioreactors. Results: In this work, we have fused the full-length coat protein (cp) gene from the Garlic Mite-borne Filamentous Virus (GarMbFV) to the 3′-end of the Polyhedrin (polh) gene of the baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). The recombinant baculovirus was amplified in insect cell culture and the virus was used to infect Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. Thus, the recombinant fused protein was easily purified from insect cadavers using sucrose gradient centrifugation and analyzed by Western Blotting. Interestingly, amorphous crystals were produced in the cytoplasm of cells infected with the recombinant virus containing the chimeric-protein gene but not in cells infected with the wild type and recombinant virus containing the hexa histidine tagged Polh. Moreover, the chimeric protein was used to immunize rats and generate antibodies against the target protein. The antiserum produced was able to detect plants infected with GarMbFV, which had been initially confirmed by RT-PCR. Conclusions: The expression of a plant virus full-length coat protein fused to the baculovirus Polyhedrin in recombinant baculovirus-infected insects was shown to produce high amounts of the recombinant protein which was easily purified and efficiently used to generate specific antibodies. Therefore, this strategy can potentially be used for the development of plant virus diagnostic kits for those viruses that are difficult to purify, are present in low titers or are present in mix infection in their plant hosts

In vitro cytotoxicity of chemical preservatives on human fibroblast cells

Preservatives are widely used substances that are commonly added to various cosmetic and pharmaceutical products to prevent or inhibit microbial growth. In this study, we compared the in vitro cytotoxicity of different types of currently used preservatives, including methylparaben, imidazolidinyl urea (IMU), and sodium benzoate, using the human newborn fibroblast cell line CCD 1072Sk. Of the tested preservatives, only IMU induced a reduction in cell viability, as shown using the MIT assay and propidium iodide staining (IMU > methylparaben > sodium benzoate). IMU was shown to promote homeostatic alterations potentially related to the initiation of programed cell death, such as decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3 activation, in the treated cells Methylparaben and sodium benzoate were shown to have a very low cytotoxic activity. Taken together, our results suggest that IMU induces programed cell death in human fibroblasts by a canonical intrinsic pathway via mitochondrial perturbation and subsequent release of proapoptotic factors.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)CAPESUniv Anhembi Morumbi, Escola Ciencias Saude, Grp Fitocomplexos & Sinalizacao Celular, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilInst Osmol & Oleos Essenciais, Monte Verde, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, EPM, Dept Farmacol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Mogi das Cruzes, Ctr Interdisciplinar Invest Bioquim, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, EPM, Dept Farmacol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc