Concordant preferences for actual height and facial cues to height

Physical height has a well-documented effect on human mate preferences. In general, both sexes prefer opposite-sex romantic relationships in which the man is taller than the woman, while individual preferences for height are affected by a person’s own height. Research in human mate choice has demonstrated that attraction to facial characteristics, such as facial adiposity, may reflect references for body characteristics. Here, we tested preferences for facial cues to height. In general, increasing apparent height in men’s faces and slightly decreasing apparent height in women’s faces maximizes perceived attractiveness. Individual preferences for facial cues to height were predicted by self-reported preferences for actual height. Furthermore, women’s own height predicted opposite-sex preferences for facial cues to apparent height, though this finding did not extend to male participants. These findings validate the use of facial cues to height and demonstrate a further component of facial attractiveness that reflects preferences for body characteristics.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

New legal paradigms: the case of rural workers and domestic workers

El objetivo del presente trabajo es el analizar las principales características de las leyes que regulan el mercado de trabajo rural y el de las trabajadoras de casas particulares en la Argentina. Se sostiene que en los últimos años se han impulsado reformas que tienden a equipar los derechos de estos colectivos con el resto de los trabajadores. En este sentido, señalamos limitaciones y alcances de las leyes anteriores y de las actuales, específicamente en lo que hace a duración de la jornada, salarios, licencias y trabajo infantil. El método utilizado para su elaboración es la recopilación de diversas fuentes de información documental y el análisis de las leyes, normas y estatutos, además de literatura especializada .The purpose of this study is to analyze the main features of the laws governing the rural labor market and domestic work in Argentina. We argue that in recent years reforms aimed at equipping the rights of these groups with the rest of the workers have been promoted. In this regard, we note the limitations and scope of the old and new laws, specifically in terms of duration of working time, wages, leave and child labor. The method used for its processing is the collection of various sources of information and analysis of the laws, regulations and statutes, besides specialized literature.Fil: Re, Daniel Alberto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Jaramillo Fonnegra, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones ; Argentin

Child “help” in the tarefa yerba mate: culture, market and legislation

Tomando como objeto de estudio a los asalariados rurales (los tareferos), el presente trabajo analiza algunas de las valorizaciones que existen sobre el trabajo infantil en las áreas rurales. Pero busca también ver la forma en la que es percibida la norma que prohíbe y regula el trabajo infantil y juvenil. Para ello parte de la idea que el trabajo de niños, niñas y jóvenes tareferos debe ser visto como una práctica "naturalizada" y aceptada por la comunidad donde se practica, que responde a factores como la situación de pobreza y a un mercado de trabajo precarizado como el yerbatero, pero también a elementos culturales propios de la región.Taking as a case study to rural workers (the tareferos), this paper analyzes some of the valuations that exist on child labor in rural areas. But it also looks to see how it is perceived norm prohibiting child and youth work. For this part of the idea that the work of children and young tareferos should be seen as a practical “naturalized” and accepted by the community where it is practiced, which responds to factors such as poverty and a labor market precarious as the herbalist, but also cultural elements of the region.Fil: Re, Daniel Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Estudios Sociales y Humanos. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Humanidades y Cs.sociales. Instituto de Estudios Sociales y Humanos; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones ; Argentin

African perceptions of female attractiveness

Little is known about mate choice preferences outside Western, educated, industrialised, rich and democratic societies, even though these Western populations may be particularly unrepresentative of human populations. To our knowledge, this is the first study to test which facial cues contribute to African perceptions of African female attractiveness and also the first study to test the combined role of facial adiposity, skin colour (lightness, yellowness and redness), skin homogeneity and youthfulness in the facial attractiveness preferences of any population. Results show that youthfulness, skin colour, skin homogeneity and facial adiposity significantly and independently predict attractiveness in female African faces. Younger, thinner women with a lighter, yellower skin colour and a more homogenous skin tone are considered more attractive. These findings provide a more global perspective on human mate choice and point to a universal role for these four facial cues in female facial attractiveness.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Subtle increases in BMI within a healthy weight range still reduce women's employment chances in the service sector

Using mixed design analysis of variance (ANOVA), this paper investigates the effects of a subtle simulated increase in adiposity on women’s employment chances in the service sector. Employing a unique simulation of altering individuals’ BMIs and the literature on “aesthetic labour”, the study suggests that, especially for women, being heavier, but still within a healthy BMI, deleteriously impacts on hireability ratings. The paper explores the gendered dimension of this prejudice by asking whether female employees at the upper end of a healthy BMI range are likely to be viewed more negatively than their overtly overweight male counterparts. The paper concludes by considering the implications of these findings.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

What do you think of my ink? Assessing the effects of body art on employment chances

Using mixed design analysis of variance, this paper examines the effect of body art on job applicant hireability ratings. It employs the literatures on the social psychologies of stigma and prejudice, as well as aesthetic labor, to frame the argument. The results indicate that photos of tattooed and pierced job applicants result in lower hireability ratings compared to the control faces. The negative effect of body art on employment chances is, however, reduced for job applicants seeking non customer facing roles. In customer facing roles, the tattoo is associated with lower hireability ratings than the piercing. The results suggest that visible body art can potentially be a real impediment to employment

Influence of perceived height, masculinity, and age on each other and on perceptions of dominance in male faces

Several studies have examined the individual effects of facial cues to height, masculinity, and age on interpersonal interactions and partner preferences. We know much less about the influence of these traits on each other. We, therefore, examined how facial cues to height, masculinity, and age influence perceptions of each other and found significant overlap. This suggests that studies investigating the effects of one of these traits in isolation may need to account for the influence of the other two traits. Additionally, there is inconsistent evidence on how each of these three facial traits affects dominance. We, therefore, investigated how varying such traits influences perceptions of dominance in male faces. We found that increases in perceived height, masculinity, and age (up to 35 years) all increased facial dominance. Our results may reflect perceptual generalizations from sex differences as men are on average taller, more dominant, and age faster than women. Furthermore, we found that the influences of height and age on perceptions of dominance are mediated by masculinity. These results give us a better understanding of the facial characteristics that convey the appearance of dominance, a trait that is linked to a wealth of real-world outcomes.PostprintPeer reviewe

Culture shapes how we look at faces

Background: Face processing, amongst many basic visual skills, is thought to be invariant across all humans. From as early as 1965, studies of eye movements have consistently revealed a systematic triangular sequence of fixations over the eyes and the mouth, suggesting that faces elicit a universal, biologically-determined information extraction pattern. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we monitored the eye movements of Western Caucasian and East Asian observers while they learned, recognized, and categorized by race Western Caucasian and East Asian faces. Western Caucasian observers reproduced a scattered triangular pattern of fixations for faces of both races and across tasks. Contrary to intuition, East Asian observers focused more on the central region of the face. Conclusions/Significance: These results demonstrate that face processing can no longer be considered as arising from a universal series of perceptual events. The strategy employed to extract visual information from faces differs across cultures

Quantum transport in quantum networks and photosynthetic complexes at the steady state

Recently, several works have analysed the efficiency of photosynthetic complexes in a transient scenario and how that efficiency is affected by environmental noise. Here, following a quantum master equation approach, we study the energy and excitation transport in fully connected networks both in general and in the particular case of the Fenna-Matthew-Olson complex. The analysis is carried out for the steady state of the system where the excitation energy is constantly "flowing" through the system. Steady state transport scenarios are particularly relevant if the evolution of the quantum system is not conditioned on the arrival of individual excitations. By adding dephasing to the system, we analyse the possibility of noise-enhancement of the quantum transport.Comment: 10 pages, single column, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in Plos On