Review of the State-of-the-Art on Adaptive Protection for Microgrids based on Communications

The dominance of distributed energy resources in microgrids and the associated weather dependency require flexible protection. They include devices capable of adapting their protective settings as a reaction to (potential) changes in system state. Communication technologies have a key role in this system since the reactions of the adaptive devices shall be coordinated. This coordination imposes strict requirements: communications must be available and ultra-reliable with bounded latency in the order of milliseconds. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in the field and provides a thorough analysis of the main related communication technologies and optimization techniques. We also present our perspective on the future of communication deployments in microgrids, indicating the viability of 5G wireless systems and multi-connectivity to enable adaptive protection.Comment: Accepted to IEEE Trans. on Industrial Informatic

Simulation of Individual Spontaneous Reactive Behavior

The context of this work is the search for realism and believability of Virtual Humans. Our contribution to achieve this goal is to enable Virtual Humans (VH) to react to spontaneous events in virtual environments (VE). In order to reflect the individuality of each VH, these reactions have to be expressive and unique. In this paper we present firstly a model of reaction based on personality traits. The model was defined using statistical analysis of real people reacting to unexpected events. We also consider that the emotional state is involved in the modulation of reactions, thus we integrate a model of emotion update. Secondly, we present a semantic-based methodology to compose reactive animation sequences using inverse kinematics (IK) and key frame (KF) interpolation animation techniques. Finally, we present an application that demonstrates how Virtual Humans can produce diferent movements as reaction to unexpected stimuli, depending on their personality traits and emotional state

Bayesian estimation of correlation functions

We apply Bayesian statistics to the estimation of correlation functions. We give the probability distributions of auto- and cross-correlations as functions of the data. Our procedure uses the measured data optimally and informs about the certainty level of the estimation. Our results apply to general stationary processes and their essence is a non-parametric estimation of spectra. It allows one to better understand the statistical noise fluctuations, assess the correlations between two variables, and postulate parametric models of spectra that can be further tested. We also propose a method to numerically generate correlated noise with a given spectrum.Comment: See (v1) for the original Angel's version and the article's history background. Changes: different priors for zero frequency; Fig. 5 redrawn; Section VI renamed and extended; App. B extended by non-factorizable priors; Added Apps. D, E, F, G, and H, and 9 references; Style and format changes throughout. Many of these changes reflect a year of experience in applying the theory to real-world dat

A Robust and Explainable Data-Driven Anomaly Detection Approach For Power Electronics

Timely and accurate detection of anomalies in power electronics is becoming increasingly critical for maintaining complex production systems. Robust and explainable strategies help decrease system downtime and preempt or mitigate infrastructure cyberattacks. This work begins by explaining the types of uncertainty present in current datasets and machine learning algorithm outputs. Three techniques for combating these uncertainties are then introduced and analyzed. We further present two anomaly detection and classification approaches, namely the Matrix Profile algorithm and anomaly transformer, which are applied in the context of a power electronic converter dataset. Specifically, the Matrix Profile algorithm is shown to be well suited as a generalizable approach for detecting real-time anomalies in streaming time-series data. The STUMPY python library implementation of the iterative Matrix Profile is used for the creation of the detector. A series of custom filters is created and added to the detector to tune its sensitivity, recall, and detection accuracy. Our numerical results show that, with simple parameter tuning, the detector provides high accuracy and performance in a variety of fault scenarios

Antimicrobial resistance of three common molecularly identified pathogenic bacteria to Allium aqueous extracts

Articulo principal de estudiante de doctoradoThe aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro bacterial inhibition of different types of garlic on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The bacterial strains were molecularly identified using gen 16S rDNA molecular identification. Four different types of garlics were used: 1) white, 2) Japanese, 3) elephant and 3) black, and these were evaluated at two different concentrations (0.25 and 0.125 g/mL) per garlic type. Bioactive compounds present in the garlics were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV), and total polyphenols were quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu technique. The Kirby-Bauber method was used for the bacterial evaluation. Aqueous extract of black garlic had the highest amount of polyphenols 6.26 ± 0.21 mg GAE/mL. The area of inhibition was measured and classified as sensitive, intermediate or resistant. Using the disc diffusion assay, higher concentration (0.25 g/mL) of aqueous extract of white garlic had the highest antibacterial activity area, with 21.46 ± 3.94 mm for L. monocytogenes, 20.61 ± 2.47 mm for S. aureus and 17.83 ± 2.21 mm for E. coli. White garlic had comparable antimicrobial activity as the control (tetracycline at 30 μg) as indicated by the size of the inhibition halos. Based on your results, white garlic can be used as an alternative to synthetic antimicrobials.SIyE

Analysis of People's Behavior Towards the use Of Digital Banking: Development of a Predictive Model

La digitalización bancaria ha experimentado un auge significativo, especialmente impulsada por el contexto de la pandemia. En Bolivia, este fenómeno se manifiesta con un incremento en la adopción de la banca digital, destacándose la banca móvil como uno de los sistemas de pago predilectos. El estudio se centra en la problemática: ¿Cuál es el comportamiento de los jóvenes universitarios de Oruro hacia el uso de la banca digital?. Para abordar esta cuestión, se aplicó una encuesta a 302 universitarios de primer año de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Financieras y Administrativas de la Universidad Técnica de Oruro en agosto de 2023. Este cuestionario incluyó 14 ítems, de los cuales los primeros dos abordaron datos demográficos, y los restantes indagaron sobre la relación y percepciones respecto a la banca digital y móvil. Los resultados, obtenidos a través de un modelo econométrico logit binario, sugieren que el comportamiento hacia el uso de la banca digital está significativamente influenciado por factores como el género, la frecuencia de acceso al servicio, la calidad de atención de las entidades financieras y la confianza en las transacciones digitales. Esta evolución tecnológica pone de manifiesto la necesidad imperante de que los bancos continúen adaptándose a la transformación digital.Banking digitalization has experienced a significant boom, especially driven by the context of the pandemic. In Bolivia, this phenomenon is manifested with an increase in the adoption of digital banking, highlighting mobile banking as one of the favorite payment systems. The study focuses on the question: What is the behavior of young university students in Oruro city towards the use of digital banking? To address this question, a survey was applied to 302 first-year university students of the Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Financieras y Administrativas of the Universidad Técnica de Oruro in August 2023. This questionnaire included 14 items, of which the first two addressed demographic data, and the remaining ones inquired about the relationship and perceptions regarding digital and mobile banking. The results, obtained through a binary logit econometric model, suggest that the behavior towards the use of digital banking is significantly influenced by factors such as gender, frequency of access to the service, quality of service of financial institutions and trust in digital transactions. This technological evolution highlights the imperative need for banks to continue adapting to the digital transformation

Clinical decisions and stigmatizing attitudes towards mental health problems in primary care physicians from Latin American countries

Objective The aim of this paper is to investigate how doctors working in primary health care in Latin American address patients with common mental disorders and to investigate how stigma can affect their clinical decisions. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, we applied an online self-administered questionnaire to a sample of 550 Primary Care Physicians (PCPs) from Bolivia, Brazil, Cuba and Chile. The questionnaire collected information about sociodemographic variables, training and experience with mental health care. Clinicians’ stigmatizing attitudes towards mental health were measured using the Mental Illness Clinicians' Attitudes Scale (MICA v4). The clinical decisions of PCPs were assessed through three clinical vignettes representing typical cases of depression, anxiety and somatization. Results A total of 387 professionals completed the questionnaires (70.3% response rate). The 63.7% of the PCPs felt qualified to diagnose and treat people with common mental disorders. More than 90% of the PCPs from Bolivia, Cuba and Chile agreed to treat the patients presented in the three vignettes. We did not find significant differences between the four countries in the scores of the MICA v4 stigma levels, with a mean = 36.3 and SD = 8.3 for all four countries. Gender (p = .672), age (p = .171), training (p = .673) and years of experience (p = .28) were unrelated to stigma. In the two multivariate regression models, PCPs with high levels of stigma were more likely to refer them to a psychiatrist the patients with depression (OR = 1.03, 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.07 p<0.05) and somatoform symptoms somatoform (OR = 1.03, 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.07, p<0.05) to a psychiatrist. Discussion The majority of PCPs in the four countries were inclined to treat patients with depression, anxiety and somatoform symptoms. PCPs with more levels of stigma were more likely to refer the patients with depression and somatoform symptoms to a psychiatrist. Stigmatizing attitudes towards mental disorders by PCPs might be important barriers for people with mental health problems to receive the treatment they need in primary care

Efectos de cadmio en compuestos fenolicos totales y flavonoides de Euglena gracilis

In the present study the production of phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds by E. gracilis exposed to two cadmium concentrations (0.02 and 0.14 mM) was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that E. gracilis exposed to 0.02 mM Cd+2 increased significantly the total content of phenolic compounds (798.46 ± 12.61 ?g GA/g) and total flavonoids (241.34 ± 47.63 ?g QE/g) with respect to the control (137.34 ± 19.80 ?g QE/g DW and 549.00 ± 8.57 ?g GA/g DW, respectively). However, no significant increase in the total content of phenolic compounds (568.54 ± 17.42 ?g GA/g DW) and total flavonoids (141.11 ± 9.36 ?g QE/g DW) were observed in E. gracilis exposed to 0.14 mM Cd+2. Further research is necessary to determine the specific role of flavonoids in E. gracilis exposed to high concentrations of Cd+2.En el presente estudio la producción de compuestos fenolicos y flavonoides producidos por E. gracilis expuesto a dos concentraciones de cadmio fue evaluado usando cromatografía liquida de alta precisión (HPLC). Los resultados mostraron que 0.02 mM de Cd+2 incrementaba significativamente el contenido total de compuestos fenolicos (798.46 ± 12.61 ?g GA/g) y flavonoides (241.34 ± 47.63 ?g QE/g) con respecto al control (137.34 ± 19.80 ?g QE/g DW y 549.00 ± 8.57 ?g GA/g DW) respectivamente. Sin embargo, incrementos no significativos en el contenido de compuestos fenolicos (568.54 ± 17.42 ?g GA/g DW) y flavonoides totales (141.11 ± 9.36 ?g QE/g DW) fueron observados en E. gracilis expuestas a 0.14 mM de Cd+2. Futuros estudios son necesarios para determinar la función especifica de los flavonoides en E. gracilis expuesto a altas concentraciones de Cd+2

Manual para la evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias, versión corta

The objective of this article is to present the methodological guidelines established in the manual of Short Health Technology Assessment, which were developed by the Peruvian National Network of Health Technology Assessments. The purpose of the manual is to standardize the methodologies of development of Short Health Technology Assessments between institutions of health technology assessment. This manual seeks to contribute to evidence-informed decision-making to improve the population's access to safe and effective health technologies in PeruEl objetivo de este artículo es presentar las pautas metodológicas establecidas en el manual de Evaluaciones Tecnológicas Sanitarias Cortas, que fueron desarrolladas por la Red Nacional de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias del Perú. El propósito del manual es estandarizar las metodologías de desarrollo de las Evaluaciones Tecnológicas Sanitarias Cortas entre las instituciones de evaluación de tecnologías de salud. Con la elaboración de este manual se busca contribuir a la toma de decisiones informada en evidencia para mejorar el acceso de la población a tecnologías sanitarias seguras y eficaces en el país

Prevention and control practices against Sars-Cov2 infection in the peruvian population

Objetive: To describe the prevention and control practices for the infection to SARS-COV2 in the Peruvian population. Material and Methods: Observational descriptive study. We evaluated a non-probabilistic sample of adult residents in some departments of Peru. Preventive practices were evaluated in people without a history of COVID-19 and control practices in people who had suffered it. Results: We evaluated 3630 Peruvians (mean age 25.4 ± 9.5), of that 3231 don't have a history of COVID-19 and 399 who had suffered it. The prevention and control practices that were realized often or always, with more frequencies, was the use of a mask when they go out home (97.9% vs 87.7), cover their nose or mouth when they sneeze (95.4% vs 89.9%), save the distance to other people in the street (91.4% vs 74.7%), wash their hands when they came home (92.5% vs 88.7%), and disinfect the objects and personal places (82.6% vs 77.4%). The 22.1% and 83.7%, the 59.7% and 80.2, and the 8.0% and 16.8% consumed some type of medicine, medicinal plant, and chlorine dioxide to prevent and control the infection, respectively. Conclusion: In general, less than 50% of the participants performed prevention and control practices against COVID-19 often or always.Revisión por pare