Association between GNRHR, LHR and IGF1 polymorphisms and timing of puberty in male Angus cattle

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In bovines, there are significant differences within and among beef breeds in the time when bulls reach puberty. Although the timing of puberty is likely to be a multigenic trait, previous studies indicate that there may also be single genes that exert major effects on the timing of puberty within the general population. Despite its economic importance, there are not many SNPs or genetic markers associated with the age of puberty in male cattle. In the present work, we selected three candidate genes, <it>GNRHR</it>, <it>LHR </it>and <it>IGF1</it>, and associated their polymorphisms with the age of puberty in Angus male cattle.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After weaning, 276 Angus males were measured every month for weight (W), scrotal circumference (SC), sperm concentration (C) and percentage of motility (M). A total of 4 SNPs, two within <it>GNRHR</it>, one in <it>LHR </it>and one in <it>IGF1 </it>were genotyped using the pyrosequencing technique. <it>IGF1-SnaBI SNP </it>was significant associated (P < 0.01) with age at SC 28 cm, but it were not associated with age at M 10% and C 50 million. Genotype <it>CC </it>exhibited an average age at SC 28 cm of 7 and 11 days higher than <it>CT </it>(p = 0.037) and <it>TT </it>(p = 0.012), respectively. This SNP explained 1.5% of the genetic variance of age of puberty at SC28. <it>LHR-I499L</it>, <it>GNRHR-SNP5 </it>and <it>GNRHR-SNP6 </it>were not associated with any of the measurements. However, <it>GNRHR </it>haplotypes showed a suggestive association with age at SC 28 cm.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The findings presented here could support the hypothesis that <it>IGF1 </it>is a regulator of the arrival to puberty in male calves and is involved in the events that precede and initiate puberty in bull calves. Given that most studies in cattle, as well as in other mammals, were done in female, the present results are the first evidence of markers associated with age at puberty in male cattle.</p

Evaluation of six single nucleotide polymorphisms for bovine traceability in the context of the argentine-chinese beef trade

Genetic traceability refers to methods associated with the identification of animals and their products through DNA characterization of individuals, breeds or species. To trace breeds, it is necessary to define the breed groups to analyze, and the most appropriate molecular marker set. The selection of genetic markers depends on the gene frequency distribution, the genetic distance among breeds and the presence of private alleles. In this study, we assessed six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the DGAT1, TG, LEP, GH, FABP4 and GnRHR genes, as potential genetic markers to be included into a panel for genetic traceability for the identification of breed origin associated with the bovine beef trade. The results of the genetic characterization of four of the main Chinese cattle populations and of the principal breeds raised in Argentina and in the world (five Bos taurus and two B. indicus) suggest that these SNP markers can be successfully used as a part of an effective traceability system for the identification of cattle breed origin in the context of the Chinese meat imports, and in particular in the Argentine-Chinese beef trade.La trazabilidad genética, la cual se basa en la identificación de animales y sus productos, permite la identificación individual, racial o de especie. Esta metodología es útil para detectar fraudes y valorizar producciones locales. Para llevar a cabo la trazabilidad es necesario definir los grupos raciales a analizar y el panel de marcadores más apropiados a utilizar. La selección de marcadores depende de la distribución de las frecuencias génicas, de la distancia genética entre las razas y de la presencia de alelos privativos. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en evaluar seis polimorfismos de nucleótido simple (SNPs) ubicados en los genes DGAT1, TG, LEP, GH, FABP4 y GnRHR como posibles marcadores genéticos apropiados para ser incluidos en un panel de trazabilidad para la identificación de la raza de origen en el contexto de la comercialización de carne bovina. Los resultados de la caracterización genética de cuatro de las principales poblaciones bovinas chinas y de las razas más importantes de nuestro país (cinco Bos taurus y dos B. indicus) sugieren que los marcadores estudiados pueden ser utilizados exitosamente como parte de un sistema de trazabilidad efectivo para identificar el origen de la carne bovina en el contexto de la importación de carne en el mercado chino y en particular en el comercio entre Argentina y China.Fil: Ripoli, María Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Wei, S.. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; ChinaFil: Rogberg Muñoz, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Guo, B. L.. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; ChinaFil: Goszczynski, Daniel Estanislao. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, María Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Melucci, L.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Liron, Juan Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Villarreal, E.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Wei, Y. M.. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; ChinaFil: Giovambattista, Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentin

Evaluation of six single nucleotide polymorphisms for bovine traceability in the context of the argentine-chinese beef trade

Genetic traceability refers to methods associated with the identification of animals and their products through DNA characterization of individuals, breeds or species. To trace breeds, it is necessary to define the breed groups to analyze, and the most appropriate molecular marker set. The selection of genetic markers depends on the gene frequency distribution, the genetic distance among breeds and the presence of private alleles. In this study, we assessed six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the DGAT1, TG, LEP, GH, FABP4 and GnRHR genes, as potential genetic markers to be included into a panel for genetic traceability for the identification of breed origin associated with the bovine beef trade. The results of the genetic characterization of four of the main Chinese cattle populations and of the principal breeds raised in Argentina and in the world (five Bos taurus and two B. indicus) suggest that these SNP markers can be successfully used as a part of an effective traceability system for the identification of cattle breed origin in the context of the Chinese meat imports, and in particular in the Argentine-Chinese beef trade.La trazabilidad genética, la cual se basa en la identificación de animales y sus productos, permite la identificación individual, racial o de especie. Esta metodología es útil para detectar fraudes y valorizar producciones locales. Para llevar a cabo la trazabilidad es necesario definir los grupos raciales a analizar y el panel de marcadores más apropiados a utilizar. La selección de marcadores depende de la distribución de las frecuencias génicas, de la distancia genética entre las razas y de la presencia de alelos privativos. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en evaluar seis polimorfismos de nucleótido simple (SNPs) ubicados en los genes DGAT1, TG, LEP, GH, FABP4 y GnRHR como posibles marcadores genéticos apropiados para ser incluidos en un panel de trazabilidad para la identificación de la raza de origen en el contexto de la comercialización de carne bovina. Los resultados de la caracterización genética de cuatro de las principales poblaciones bovinas chinas y de las razas más importantes de nuestro país (cinco Bos taurus y dos B. indicus) sugieren que los marcadores estudiados pueden ser utilizados exitosamente como parte de un sistema de trazabilidad efectivo para identificar el origen de la carne bovina en el contexto de la importación de carne en el mercado chino y en particular en el comercio entre Argentina y China.Instituto de Genética Veterinari

La genética molecular de bovinos y equinos criollos en los albores del siglo XXI

American Creole bovines and equines are direct descendant from the animals introduced by European conquerors during XV an XVI centuries. At the beginning of the last decade, new technologies based in DNA emerged for genetic analysis, and Creole breeds were not the exception for these kind of studies. During the last years, these methodologies evolved vertiginously. In a short time, the amount of available information increased, and the analysis of few loci turned into analysis of complete genomes. This work describes the evolution of Creole, cattle and equines, molecular genetic studies during the last fifteen years. Even though, Creole breeds have not entered yet into genomic and proteomic era, its study is relevant because they are suffering a progressive population reduction. In this sense, information about infectious diseases resistance, adaptability, forensic genetics, animal production and phylogeography, among others, can be obtained from them. Furthermore, Creole breeds are a unique natural reservoir of genetic variability, and strategies for its conservation should be implemented.Los bovinos y equinos criollos americanos son descendientes directos de los animales introducidos al Nuevo Mundo por los europeos durante los siglos XV y XVI. En los comienzos de la década pasada, surgieron tecnologías basadas en el estudio del ADN que permitieron profundizar el análisis genético, por su parte, las especies criollas americanas no quedaron fuera de dichos estudios. En los últimos años, estas metodologías evolucionaron en forma vertiginosa, y en poco tiempo, el aumento de información creció significativamente de modo tal que las investigaciones pasaron de unos pocos loci a la secuenciación y el análisis de los genomas completos de ambas especies. En el presente trabajo se describe como ha evolucionado el estado del arte de la genética molecular de bovinos y equinos criollos en los últimos 15 años. Si bien las razas criollas aun no han entrado en la era de la genómica y la proteómica, su estudio es valioso dado que actualmente se encuentran en progresiva reducción poblacional. Su importancia radica en que aporta información relacionada con la resistencia a enfermedades infecciosas, la adaptabilidad ante condiciones desfavorables, la genética forense, la producción animal y la filigeografía, entre otras. Además, las razas criollas son un reservorio natural e irremplazable de variabilidad genética, y el conocimiento pormenorizado de ellas es clave para la planificación de estrategias de conservación sustentables a lo largo del tiempo

Transcription initiation mapping in 31 bovine tissues reveals complex promoter activity, pervasive transcription, and tissue-specific promoter usage

Characterizing transcription start sites is essential for understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression. Recently, a new bovine genome assembly (ARS-UCD1.2) with high continuity, accuracy, and completeness was released; however, the functional annotation of the bovine genome lacks precise transcription start sites and contains a low number of transcripts in comparison to human and mouse. By using the RAMPAGE approach, this study identified transcription start sites at high resolution in a large collection of bovine tissues. We found several known and novel transcription start sites attributed to promoters of protein-coding and lncRNA genes that were validated through experimental and in silico evidence. With these findings, the annotation of transcription start sites in cattle reached a level comparable to the mouse and human genome annotations. In addition, we identified and characterized transcription start sites for antisense transcripts derived from bidirectional promoters, potential lncRNAs, mRNAs, and pre-miRNAs. We also analyzed the quantitative aspects of RAMPAGE to produce a promoter activity atlas, reaching highly reproducible results comparable to traditional RNA-seq. Coexpression networks revealed considerable use of tissue-specific promoters, especially between brain and testicle, which expressed several genes in common from alternate loci. Furthermore, regions surrounding coexpressed modules were enriched in binding factor motifs representative of each tissue. The comprehensive annotation of promoters in such a large collection of tissues will substantially contribute to our understanding of gene expression in cattle and other mammalian species, shortening the gap between genotypes and phenotypes

Prediction of transcript isoforms in 19 chicken tissues by Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing.

To identify and annotate transcript isoforms in the chicken genome, we generated Nanopore long-read sequencing data from 68 samples that encompassed 19 diverse tissues collected from experimental adult male and female White Leghorn chickens. More than 23.8 million reads with mean read length of 790 bases and average quality of 18.2 were generated. The annotation and subsequent filtering resulted in the identification of 55,382 transcripts at 40,547 loci with mean length of 1,700 bases. We predicted 30,967 coding transcripts at 19,461 loci, and 16,495 lncRNA transcripts at 15,512 loci. Compared to existing reference annotations, we found ∼52% of annotated transcripts could be partially or fully matched while ∼47% were novel. Seventy percent of novel transcripts were potentially transcribed from lncRNA loci. Based on our annotation, we quantified transcript expression across tissues and found two brain tissues (i.e., cerebellum and cortex) expressed the highest number of transcripts and loci. Furthermore, ∼22% of the transcripts displayed tissue specificity with the reproductive tissues (i.e., testis and ovary) exhibiting the most tissue-specific transcripts. Despite our wide sampling, ∼20% of Ensembl reference loci were not detected. This suggests that deeper sequencing and additional samples that include different breeds, cell types, developmental stages, and physiological conditions, are needed to fully annotate the chicken genome. The application of Nanopore sequencing in this study demonstrates the usefulness of long-read data in discovering additional novel loci (e.g., lncRNA loci) and resolving complex transcripts (e.g., the longest transcript for the TTN locus)

Comparison of the effectiveness of microsatellites and SNP panels for genetic identification, traceability and assessment of parentage in an inbred Angus herd

During the last decade, microsatellites (short tandem repeats or STRs) have been successfully used for animal genetic identification, traceability and paternity, although in recent year single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been increasingly used for this purpose. An efficient SNP identification system requires a marker set with enough power to identify individuals and their parents. Genetic diagnostics generally include the analysis of related animals. In this work, the degree of information provided by SNPs for a consanguineous herd of cattle was compared with that provided by STRs. Thirty-six closely related Angus cattle were genotyped for 18 STRs and 116 SNPs. Cumulative SNPs exclusion power values (Q) for paternity and sample matching probability (MP) yielded values greater than 0.9998 and 4.32E-42, respectively. Generally 2-3 SNPs per STR were needed to obtain an equivalent Q value. The MP showed that 24 SNPs were equivalent to the ISAG (International Society for Animal Genetics) minimal recommended set of 12 STRs (MP ~ 10-11). These results provide valuable genetic data that support the consensus SNP panel for bovine genetic identification developed by the Parentage Recording Working Group of ICAR (International Committee for Animal Recording)

DataSheet1_Prediction of transcript isoforms in 19 chicken tissues by Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing.ZIP

To identify and annotate transcript isoforms in the chicken genome, we generated Nanopore long-read sequencing data from 68 samples that encompassed 19 diverse tissues collected from experimental adult male and female White Leghorn chickens. More than 23.8 million reads with mean read length of 790 bases and average quality of 18.2 were generated. The annotation and subsequent filtering resulted in the identification of 55,382 transcripts at 40,547 loci with mean length of 1,700 bases. We predicted 30,967 coding transcripts at 19,461 loci, and 16,495 lncRNA transcripts at 15,512 loci. Compared to existing reference annotations, we found ∼52% of annotated transcripts could be partially or fully matched while ∼47% were novel. Seventy percent of novel transcripts were potentially transcribed from lncRNA loci. Based on our annotation, we quantified transcript expression across tissues and found two brain tissues (i.e., cerebellum and cortex) expressed the highest number of transcripts and loci. Furthermore, ∼22% of the transcripts displayed tissue specificity with the reproductive tissues (i.e., testis and ovary) exhibiting the most tissue-specific transcripts. Despite our wide sampling, ∼20% of Ensembl reference loci were not detected. This suggests that deeper sequencing and additional samples that include different breeds, cell types, developmental stages, and physiological conditions, are needed to fully annotate the chicken genome. The application of Nanopore sequencing in this study demonstrates the usefulness of long-read data in discovering additional novel loci (e.g., lncRNA loci) and resolving complex transcripts (e.g., the longest transcript for the TTN locus).</p

Growth, carcass and meat quality traits in beef from Angus, Hereford and cross-breed grazing steers, and their association with SNPs in genes related to fat deposition metabolism

Grazing steers from Angus and Hereford breeds, their cross-breeds and a three-way cross-breed (Limousin × Angus–Hereford) were measured for growth, carcass andmeat quality traits. Breed effectswere studied, and the association of SNPswith fat deposition and fatty acid (FA) composition (leptin,melanocortin-4 receptor, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, FA synthase and thyroglobulin) was tested. Limousin cross-breed showed the greatest final bodyweight, ultrasound rib eye area, dressing percentage, carcass and leg length, and the lowest backfat thickness and intramuscular fat content. Genetic groups had similar pH, shear force, cooking loss, L* and b* and n-6:n-3 ratio. Meat from1/2-Angus presented greater a* than Limousin cross-breed. Whereas Angus had the highest total SFA content, Hereford had the lowest total SFA and the highest total MUFA. Limousin cross-breed had greater content of several individual PUFAs, total PUFA, n-6 and n-3 FA than Angus and 1/2-Angus. Leptin and FA synthase were associated with some FAs, supporting their influence over fat metabolism for grazing animals.EEA BalcarceFil: Papaleo Mazzucco, Juliana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Área de Investigación en Producción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Goszczynski, Daniel Estanislao. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Ripoli, María Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Melucci, Lilia Magdalena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Pardo, Alan Maxs. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Área de Investigación en Producción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Colatto, E. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Rogberg Muñoz, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia. Departamento de Producción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Mezzadra, Carlos Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Área de Investigación en Producción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Depetris, Gustavo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Área de Investigación en Producción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Giovambattista, Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Villarreal, Edgardo Leopoldo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Área de Investigación en Producción Animal; Argentin