GENDER CONSTRUCTION ON BANYUWANGI’S LEGEND

Legend is a folktale that has a historical root or ground. It is interesting to investigate a legend since it is closely related with culture. Banyuwangi has a very nice legend that tells about the origin of its name. The legend is told in three different versions and each of them shares the same ending by the death of the woman in each story caused by her own husband.Suspiciously, a legend may be loaded with the gender construction that influences the society. It pictures a tangible differentiation between the image and the role from women and men. This paper aims to compares the three versions of the legend and analyses them using feminism point of view. Feminism movement nowadays is widening its movement to investigate the text which is suspected to support the patriarchy power. This paper uses literature research as its method and meets the result as follows: 1) In the legend’s first version, woman was stereotyped as the domestic worker, 2) In the legend’s second version, woman was portrayed as the second sex, 3) In the legend’s third version, woman is seen as a sexual object.Keywords: Banyuwangi legends, gender construction, feminism

Li Yang Crazy English Method; Between Chinese and Javanese Culture

Nowadays English is spoken everywhere. English has become the world's Lingua Franca. Many jobs demand English as their first priority to select applicants. Schools push their students to learn English since it becomes the most favorite qualification for getting job. Many English courses are built in order to facilitate people's needs to understand English. Nevertheless, along with the world's request on English, many people in non-spoken English country still feel unfamiliar to it. It creates some anxiety and terror to them.In China, there is a unique language-learning method to deal with English fear. It is called Crazy English. Li Yang, a man who initiated this method, believed that many Chinese were facing a very difficult time on learning English. He then coined an extra-ordinary way to make people proficient in English by especially emphasizing the speaking and pronunciation skills. Based on his method, he taught his students to read English words loudly and quickly, and also told them to imitate the sound of English words. He had already proved himself that by conducting this methods he was able to get the second-highest score on his National English Exams after failing it thirteen times; For Li Yang, the only main obstacle on learning English was the Chinese's traditional culture that made people afraid to talk. He suggested people to overcome English by shouting and speaking it loudly, so that all the embarrassment could fade away.Comparing with Chinese, Javanese people have also the same problem related to the afraid-to-talk culture. Based on writer's experience in class, many students feel shy and unconfident to speak English. It makes a very tough problem when learning English is not followed by the courage to speak.This paper is aimed to investigate the Li Yang Crazy English method and evaluate its potential aspect to be applied in many English classes in Indonesia, particularly in Java region. The analysis of this paper is taken from literature research and it is also supported by performing in-class observation. As the result of the research, this paper will give a clear understanding about Li Yang Crazy English and also its potential aspect to be applied in Indonesia by giving three main considerations, such as: 1)The general evaluation of positive and negative aspects from Li Yang English method, 2) The similar cultural background (East culture) of Chinese and Javanese, 3) The readiness of Indonesian teacher to apply this method

The Production of Safety School Space from Climate Disasters in Doi Mae Salong Forest, Upland Northern Thailand

This research is conducted in Santikhiri, a hilltop village on the highest peak in the Doi Mae Salong forest, where climate change increases the intensity and frequency of natural disasters that immensely affect the local children in the mountainous area in Chiang Rai province, northern Thailand. There is only one secondary-level school in this forest landscape educating around 900 schoolchildren from various minority hill-tribe ethnic groups. This paper examines everyday life experiences recentering the village school's role as the producer of safe space for the forest children from climate disasters. School safety is a global framework for recognizing the importance of child-centered efforts in building disaster resilience for the education sector. Parameters and variables used to measure the disaster resilience of schools are adapted from the Climate Resilience Model and School Safety Model by Tong et al. (2012), covering three dimensions: 1) institutional issues, 2) physical conditions, and 3) external relationships. Lefebvre's Spatial Triad Framework is applied to dialectically interconnect dimensions to produce a safe space at the village school to protect the students from climate disaster threats. A mix-method method is applied with several techniques to collect data, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and content analysis. Furthermore, a scale Likert survey examined statements on school safety from educational practitioners in the rural forest area. The research argues that the production of safe space at the school is intertwined with budget allocation for disaster preparedness and response (institutional issue as l'espace concu), environmental protection campaign to create a hygienic school environment (physical conditions as l'espace percu), and support from the local community (external relations as l'espace vecu). However, the school is also two contradicting spaces of conceived and lived. Through the critical examination of the production of safe space, the school is a planned space of hierarchical power relations in institutional issues focusing on impacts from rapid-onset disasters. Concurrently, the forest children are still marginalized from external relationships and natural conditions' slow-onset climate change impacts

TERORISME DAN KEKERASAN BERLATAR BELAKANG AGAMA DI JAWA BARAT

Terorisme dan kekerasan berlatar-belakang agama yang terjadi di Indonesia erat kaitannya dengan isu-isu politik dan ekonomi domestik. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah kemiskinan. Pendapat ini sesuai dengan analisis mengenai ekonomi dan konflik yang menyatakan bahwa kondisi perekonomian yang buruk dapat meningkatkan ketidakpuasan dan kekerasan. Agresifitas seringkali dipicu oleh kesenjangan sosial-ekonomi, ketidakadilan, kemiskinan, tekanan-tekanan globalisasi selain karena tidak efektifnya manajemen publik. Dorongan untuk melakukan agresi ini juga diperkuat dengan kecenderungan orang untuk melakukan glorifikasi, atau menganggap diri dan golongan sendiri suci, serta menganggap benar ajaran agama sendiri. Kecenderungan ini melahirkan dehumanisasi dan demonisasi, yang melihat orang lain sebagai ­bukan manusia sehingga wajar bila perlu dimanusiakan dari segi prilaku maupun pemikiran. Kelompok ini melakukan pemaksaan agar orang lain menjadi seperti diri dan kelompoknya. Demonisasi berarti pen-setanan, melihat orang lain sebagai setan. Pemahaman yang keliru terhadap ajaran agama Islam, yang antara lain menyebutkan menghalalkan pembunuhan terhadap kelompok non-Muslim juga menjadi faktor penyumbang konflik dan terorisme. Dibandingkan dengan provinsi-provinsi lainnya di Indonesia, Jawa Barat merupakan daerah asal dari banyak terjadinya terorisme dan kekerasan berbasis agama. Untuk itulah, penelitian ini difokuskan pada kota-kota di Jawa Barat, terutama yang banyak mengalami aksi-aksi kekerasan seperti Bandung, Tasikmalaya dan Bekasi. Penelitian untuk melihat faktor-faktor pendorong kekerasan berbasis agama di Jawa Barat serta efektifitas program-program pemerintah selama ini dalam mengatasi masalah ini. Kata-kata kunci: terorisme, kekerasan berbasis agama, agresivitas, agama Islam, Jawa Barat

Rethinking Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Among Karen “Longneck” Women Hill Tribe in Northern Thailand

Suku Karen, yang berasal dari cabang kelompok etnis Kayan Burma, kini menjadi bagian terbesar dari populasi etnis dataran tinggi Thailand. Suku tersebut telah bermigrasi ke seluruh perbatasan pegunungan Thailand-Myanmar, sebagai dampak dari konflik bersenjata antara nasionalis Karen dan pemerintah Burma sejak 1950-an dan ketika proses demokrasi tersendat di Myanmar. Dalam dua dekade terakhir, jumlah orang Karen yang bermigrasi ke Chiang Rai telah meningkat karena industri baru pariwisata suku di provinsi tersebut. Namun bagi masyarakat Thailand, masyarakat suku pegunungan masih dianggap makhluk asing, namun mau tak mau, keberadaan mereka harus diintegrasikan ke dalam masyarakat Thailand. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah Thailand mengeluarkan kartu identitas khusus untuk suku pegunungan yang mengidentifikasi mereka sebagai orang dari etnis minoritas, namun bukan warga negara Thailand. Saat ini ada tiga kategori untuk mengakui orang suku pegunungan di Thailand berdasarkan resolusi Kabinet dan undang-undang yang disahkan untuk mencerminkan tingkat penerimaan negara atas status kewarganegaraan. Namun, kebijakan ini membawa makna yang kontradiktif, terutama dalam hal hak kewarganegaraan dan pemenuhan SDGs bagi suku pegunungan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada perempuan Karen "leher panjang" yang tinggal di tambon Nanglae, Amphoe Mueang Chiang Rai, bernama Kayan Lahwi, atau Padaung, sub-kelompok dari Karen Merah. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk secara khusus melihat dampak undang-undang kewarganegaraan Thailand terhadap keberlanjutan sosial-ekonomi perempuan Padaung Karen yang tinggal di tambon Nanglae, Amphoe Mueang, Chiang Rai, saat ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan data literatur, wawancara, dan observasi partisipan untuk mengumpulkan informasi. Hasil penelitian mengungkap masalah yang masih menjadi tantangan bagi perempuan suku Padaung Karen di Chiang Rai untuk mencapai target pembangunan keberlanjutan (SDG) dalam pendapatan (SDG 1), ketahanan pangan (SDG 2), kesehatan (SDG 3), dan pendidikan (SDG 4) bagi komunitas mereka

ANALYZING READING LITERACY SCORE OF INDONESIAN STUDENTS USING LINEAR MIXED MODELS

The linear mixed models is a development of the linear model which includes both fixed and random effects in the model. Random effect in the model is used to model complex data that has a grouping structure. The grouping structure can occur because the same observations are measured repeatedly or each observation is measured only once but these observations have some form of group structure. Students who participate in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) are nested in several schools, so the PISA data structure is quite complex and requires a more in-depth analysis. Quantitative studies on PISA, especially in reading literacy, are still rarely done. The purpose of this study is to determine what factors effect the Indonesian student’s PISA reading literacy scores using a linear mixed model approach with school being used as a random effect in the model. The findings of the study are that the factors that affects Indonesian student’s PISA reading literacy scores are the class being taken, gender, mother's highest education, facilities at home, school entry age, student discipline and failed a grade. The result of the estimation of random effect variance which is not equal to zero indicates that there is a random effect from the student’s school on PISA reading literacy scores. Based on model diagnostics and parameter testing, it was concluded that the model obtained is fitted in modeling Indonesian student’s PISA reading literacy scores.The linear mixed models is a development of the linear model which includes both fixed and random effects in the model. Random effect in the model is used to model complex data that has a grouping structure. The grouping structure can occur because the same observations are measured repeatedly or each observation is measured only once but these observations have some form of group structure. Students who participate in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) are nested in several schools, so the PISA data structure is quite complex and requires a more in-depth analysis. Quantitative studies on PISA, especially in reading literacy, are still rarely done. The purpose of this study is to determine what factors effect the Indonesian student’s PISA reading literacy scores using a linear mixed model approach with school being used as a random effect in the model. The findings of the study are that the factors that affects Indonesian student’s PISA reading literacy scores are the class being taken, gender, mother's highest education, facilities at home, school entry age, student discipline and failed a grade. The result of the estimation of random effect variance which is not equal to zero indicates that there is a random effect from the student’s school on PISA reading literacy scores. Based on model diagnostics and parameter testing, it was concluded that the model obtained is fitted in modeling Indonesian student’s PISA reading literacy scores

Traveller studies in low- and middle-income countries: a critical gap in global antibiotic resistance surveillance

A substantial proportion of global travel occurs between low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) for the purposes of migration, medical tourism, trade and employment, and this is likely to accelerate due to climate-change-related migration. Traveller studies based in LMICs are needed to better monitor the global spread of antibiotic resistance

Novel fondaparinux protocol for anticoagulation therapy in adults with renal failure and suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a retrospective review of institutional protocol

Plain Language Summary New Fondaparinux Protocol to Reduce the Risk of Blood Thickening and Blood Clots Formation in Adults with Kidney Disease and Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia (drop in platelets after the use of heparin): A Test Study. Fondaparinux is a drug used to treat patients suffering from thrombosis (clot in blood) and prevent vessels occlusions. When patients have kidney disease, the ideal treatment for thrombosis would be heparin; and, in case of Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT), an unexpected drop in platelets after the use of heparin, the ideal treatment would be argatroban or bivalirudin. Fondaparinux can be used for HIT. However, studies recommend against its use in kidney disease as it might accumulate and cause bleeding. We were put in a challenging situation where we had patients with life-threatening thrombosis, kidney disease, HIT and unavailability of both argatroban and bivalirudin. Our only option was fondaparinux. We had to devise a safe and efficient protocol. The starting dose was the one used had the patient had a normal kidney function. Then, anti-Factor Xa activity was regularly measured with the target level 0.6-1.3units/ml 4 h after a dose. The dose was individualized, changed based on the Factor Xa activity result, the risk of bleeding or thrombosis, the overall kidney function and the need for dialysis. Our protocol was tested on 10 patients. All our patients could reach the target and safe Factor Xa activity. We had 2 exceptions. The first had a clotting event despite having therapeutic Factor Xa activity and the second was a very sick cancer patient who was bleeding despite skipping many doses of fondaparinux. We consider that these 2 cases developed complications due to their medical conditions rather than the use of fondaparinux. We concluded that fondaparinux can be safely used in patients with kidney disease, granted that Factor Xa activity is measured, the risk of bleeding is weighed to the risk of thrombosis and the dose is individualized. However, our sample size is small and further studies with a larger number of patients are needed to draw a conclusion