Design and Comparison of LEACH and Improved Centralized LEACH in Wireless Sensor Network

A WSN consists of a setup of sensor nodes/motes which perceives the environment under monitoring, and transfer this information through wireless links to the Base Station (BS) or sink. The sensor nodes can be heterogeneous or homogeneous and can be mobile or stationary. The data gathered is forwarded through single/multiple hops to the BS/sink. In this paper, propose improvements to LEACH routing protocol to reduce energy consumption and extend network life. LEACH Distance Energy (LEACH-DE) not only selects the cluster head node by considering that the remaining energy of the node is greater than the average remaining energy level of the nodes in the network, but also selects the cluster head node parameters based on the geometric distance between the candidate node and the BS. The simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this work is superior to LEACH and LEACH-C (Centralized) in terms of energy saving and extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks

Emotional intelligence and job satisfaction among staff nurses: a cross-sectional study

Background: Emotional intelligence and job satisfaction are topics of great interest in today's workplace. They provide a competitive edge in personal and professional life. However, there is scanty evidence in the Indian scenario that explores the assessment of these two notions among nurses. Therefore; this study was conducted to exhume the data regarding the assessment of Emotional intelligence and job satisfaction among nurses. The study aimed to identify the emotional intelligence and job satisfaction among nurses in selected hospitals of Udaipur. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 100 nurses at tertiary care teaching hospital from January 2021 to July 2021. Convenience sampling technique was employed for sample selection. Standardized questionnaire Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) were used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square) were used for data analysis. Results: Most of the staff nurses (59%) experience high level of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence has found significant association with age, professional qualification, co-worker relationship and marital status and type of family. Furthermore, majority (65%) of the respondents had middle-level job satisfaction which has been found significantly associated with age, co-worker relationship, type of family, marital status and no. of children. Conclusions: Emotional intelligence and job satisfaction is an important prerequisite to becoming successful in personal and professional world. According to the study data, majority of staff nurses have higher emotional intelligence and higher job satisfaction which is directly related to an organization's production and efficiency

Molecular Docking Study of Conformational Polymorph: Building Block of Crystal Chemistry

Two conformational polymorphs of novel 2-[2-(3-cyano-4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-2H-pyridin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-4,6-dimethyl nicotinonitrile have been developed. The crystal structure of both polymorphs (1a and 1b) seems to be stabilized by weak interactions. A difference was observed in the packing of both polymorphs. Polymorph 1b has a better binding affinity with the cyclooxygenase (COX-2) receptor than the standard (Nimesulide)

<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-GB">In vitro</span></i><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-GB"> validation of self designed “universal human Influenza A siRNA”</span>

514-521<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-GB">The genomic variability of Influenza A virus (IAV) makes it difficult for the existing vaccines or anti-influenza drugs to control. The siRNA targeting viral gene induces RNAi mechanism in the host and silent the gene by cleaving mRNA. In this study, we developed an universal siRNA and validated its efficiency in vitro. The siRNA was designed rationally, targeting the most conserved region (delineated with the help of multiple sequence alignment) of M gene of IAV strains. Three level screening method was adopted, and the most efficient one was selected on the basis of its unique position in the conserved region. The siRNA efficacy was confirmed in vitro with the Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line for IAV propagation using two clinical isolates i.e., Influenza A/H3N2 and Influenza A/pdmH1N1. Of the total 168 strains worldwide and 33 strains from India, 97 bp long (position 137-233) conserved region was identified. The longest ORF of matrix gene was targeted by the selected siRNA, which showed 73.6% inhibition in replication of Influenza A/pdmH1N1 and 62.1% inhibition in replication of Influenza A/H3N2 at 48 h post infection on MDCK cell line. This study provides a basis for the development of siRNA which can be used as universal anti-IAV therapeutic agent.</span

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Not AvailableEpsilon toxin (Etx) belongs to family of pore-forming toxin and is produced by Clostridium perfringens type D. The Etx toxin is responsible for the pathogenesis of enterotoxaemia in sheep and goats, and occasionally in other livestock animals. The present study aimed to develop a Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin-based chimeric epitope construct having immunodominant B-cell epitope and universal T-cell epitope and its immunogenicity was evaluated in mice and rabbit. An artificial chimeric epitope construct (CEC) was prepared by joining tandem repeats of a peptide containing amino acids (aa) 134-145 of epsilon toxin B-cell epitope and universal T-cell epitopes. The CEC was expressed in the Escherichia coli following codon optimization for efficient translational efficiency and purified by affinity chromatography. The antigenic reactivity of r-CEC proteins was confirmed by western blot with rabbit anti-r-Etox hyperimmune sera. The immunogenicity of the recombinant single CEC was examined in mice and rabbit by indirect ELISA. It was found that r-CEC yielded high titers of neutralizing antibodies (≥ 1.035 IU/ml) in immunized mice and rabbit. The potency of chimeric protein immunized serum was observed to be higher than the recommended level (0.1-0.3 IU/ml) for protection in sheep and goats. This indicated the potential ability of the chimeric protein as a vaccine candidate. This further requires studying the immune response in targeted host species (sheep and goat).Not Availabl

The “I” between G and C: E-Government intermediaries in developing countries

While there has been a rapid growth in e-Government initiatives in developing countries, whether it has led to providing effective government services to the citizens has remained a question of concern. Evidence suggests that this objective is far from being met. The main hurdle has been that an overwhelming part of the citizens in these countries do not have the capability to either access government information physically or to use it effectively even when they can access it. In this paper, the conjecture is made that linking citizens to government in developing countries require an intermediary. Based on prior articulations of this concept, this paper develops the entity Intermediary and explicates its role in the government to citizen interaction process12

Experimental studies on mechanical properties of Al-7075/TiO2 metal matrix composite and its tribological behaviour

This study explores the fabrication and characterization of an Al-7075/TiO2 metal matrix composites (MMCs) through stir casting, varying TiO2 contents from 2% to 10%. Various tests, including tensile, hardness, and elastic indentation modulus testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, microstructural evaluation, and XRD, were conducted. Tribological analysis involved tribo-pairs of an EN31 disc and a smooth MMCs pin, using a high-temperature Pin-on-disc setup. Microstructural analysis of Al-7075/TiO2 MMCs revealed uniform TiO2 distribution, grain refinement, and enhanced mechanical properties, with XRD confirming structural changes. Tensile tests showed improved ultimate force and stress with increasing TiO2 content, indicating potential for high-strength applications. Hardness assessments demonstrated progressive improvements in Martens, Elastic Indentation, and Vickers Hardness, highlighting the material's suitability for critical wear and tribology applications. The composites exhibited enhanced damping flexural characteristics, especially with 8% TiO2. Maximum and minimum modulus values are reported as 98.9 GPa at 25 °C and 77.3 GPa at 350 °C for 8% TiO2 mix MMC. Tribological performance was improved with lower COF values and wear rates. At elevated temperatures, the wear behavior varied with TiO2 content, influenced by factors such as heat generation and localized welding

Study on temperature and hardness behaviors of Al-6060 alloy during magnetic abrasive finishing process using artificial neural networks

Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) revolutionizes surface finishing by utilizing magnetic fields to apply pressure, ensuring exceptionally high-quality surfaces. Its potential for ultra-precise finishing with fine magnetic abrasives is particularly noteworthy. This study analyzes subsurface temperature dynamics during the MAF process on Al-6060, recognizing temperature's pivotal role in shaping surface texture and mechanical-chemical properties. Unbonded magnetic abrasives containing SiC were used without lubrication or coolants in experimentation. Experimental parameters, including machining gap, abrasive weight, voltage, and rotational speed, were systematically varied using a Box-Behnken Design of Experiments. An artificial neural network facilitated comprehensive data modelling, enabling a detailed parametric study. Post-processing surface characterization provided crucial insights into the impact of surface temperature rise on surface finish and hardness. This holistic approach enhances understanding of temperature's influence on MAF efficacy and its outcomes on Al-6060 surfaces. Experimental findings demonstrate MAF's effectiveness in achieving low-temperature finishing of Al-6060, with a maximum surface temperature of 36 °C. ANOVA analysis quantitatively determined that voltage has greatest influence (55.56%), followed by abrasive weight (20.00%) and machining gap (13.89%), with rotational speed having the least impact (2.22%). Qualitatively, the developed ANN model accurately predicted changes in surface roughness (ΔRa), temperature (ΔT), and hardness (ΔH), with maximum errors of 4.107%, 5.588%, and 6.680%, respectively. XRD analysis provided quantitative evidence of SiC diffusion into the surface, resulting in a hardness increase from 2.7 HV to 5.6 HV. Additionally, chemical substrates deposition, such as silicon carbide, kaolinite, iron silicide, and cristobalite, elucidated chemical-mechanical interactions during the process at such low temperatures