6 research outputs found
Compuestos fen贸licos y actividad antioxidante in vitro de seis accesiones de mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum R. & P.) de la Regi贸n Puno, Per煤.
Mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum R. & P.) es un cultivo andino de alto valor nutricional y propiedades medicinales, que presenta una gran diversidad en morfolog铆a y color. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el contenido de compuestos fen贸licos y la actividad antioxidante in vitro de las accesiones de mashua de mayor importancia econ贸mica en la Regi贸n Puno, Per煤. Se evaluaron seis accesiones de mashua (tres de color p煤rpura y tres de color amarillo). El contenido de polifenoles totales, flavonoides totales e identificaci贸n de compuestos fen贸licos se determin贸 mediante el ensayo
de Folin-Ciocalteu, m茅todo colorim茅trico de cloruro de aluminio y HPLC-DAD, respectivamente. La actividad antioxidante in vitro se evalu贸 mediante los ensayos FRAP y DPPH. En general, la mashuas de color p煤rpura presentaron un contenido significativamente mayor de polifenoles totales, flavonoides totales, y actividad antioxidante in vitro en comparaci贸n con las mashua de color amarillo; siendo la accesi贸n Tt-23 de color p煤rpura (piel/pulpa, p煤rpura/p煤rpura), la que present贸 un contenido significativamente mayor de compuestos fen贸licos y actividad antioxidante in vitro en comparaci贸n con las otras accesiones evaluadas (P<0,05). Asimismo, se observ贸 una correlaci贸n significativa entre las actividades de FRAP y DPPH con el contenido de polifenoles y flavonoides totales (P<0,01), as铆 como entre la actividad de FRAP y los niveles de 谩cido cafeico y rutina (P<0,05). Estos resultados sugieren que las mashua de color p煤rpura, particularmente la accesi贸n Tt-23 (piel/pulpa, p煤rpura/
p煤rpura), presenta mejores propiedades nutrac茅uticas y antioxidantes debido a su mayor contenido de compuestos fen贸licos
Genotoxic Effects in Swimmers Exposed to Disinfection By-products in Indoor Swimming Pools
37 p谩ginas, 1 figura, 4 tablas.-- PDF con material suplementario.[BACKGROUND]: Exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water has
been associated with cancer risk. A recent study found an increased bladder cancer risk
among subjects attending swimming pools relative to those not attending.[OBJECTIVES]: To evaluate whether swimming in pools is associated with biomarkers
of genotoxicity.[METHODS]: We collected blood, urine, and exhaled air samples from 49 non-smoking
adult volunteers before and after they swam for 40 min in an indoor chlorinated pool.
We estimated associations between the concentrations of four trihalomethanes in
exhaled breath and changes in the following biomarkers: micronuclei and DNA damage
(comet assay) in peripheral blood lymphocytes before and 1 h after swimming, urine
mutagenicity (Ames assay) before and 2 h after swimming, and micronuclei in
exfoliated urothelial cells before and 2 weeks after swimming. We also estimated
associations and interactions with polymorphisms in genes related to DNA repair or
DBP metabolism.[RESULTS]: After swimming, the total concentration of the four trihalomethanes in
exhaled breath was seven times higher than before swimming. The change in the
frequency of micronucleated lymphocytes after swimming increased in association with
exhaled concentrations of the brominated trihalomethanes (p = 0.03 for CHCl2Br, p =
0.05 for CHClBr2, p = 0.01 for CHBr3) but not chloroform. Swimming was not
associated with DNA damage detectable by the comet assay. Urine mutagenicity
increased significantly after swimming in association with the concentration of exhaled
CHBr3 (p = 0.004). No significant associations with changes in micronucleated
urothelial cells were observed.[CONCLUSIONS]: Our findings support potential genotoxic effects of exposure to
DBPs from swimming pools. The positive health effects gained by swimming could be
increased by reducing the potential health risks of pool water.Research
supported by Plan Nacional Grant SAF2005-07643-C03-01/02/03, Spain and FIS
CP06/00341, Spain. CM Villanueva supported by the ISCIII (CP06/00341), Spain, L
Font-Ribera by a predoctoral fellowship (FI06/00651), Spain, and D Liviac by a
postgraduate fellowship UAB (PIF409-009), Barcelona.Peer reviewe
Riesgo genot贸xico de los subproductos de la desinfecci贸n del agua
Los subproductos de la desinfecci贸n del agua de consumo son compuestos qu铆micos que se generan por la reacci贸n entre el desinfecante usado, cloro en la mayor铆a de los casos, y la materia org谩nica e inorg谩nica presente en el agua a desinfectar. El perfil de estos subproductos es diferente entre las distintas plantas de tratamiento, debido a varios factores involucrados en su formaci贸n como son el tipo de desinfectante usado, el desinfectante secundario, el pH, la temperatura y la materia org谩nica e inorg谩nica presente, entre otros factores. Adem谩s de la exposici贸n a los SPD mediante el agua de consumo, otra forma de exposici贸n la constituye el uso recreacional del agua de las piscinas. En estas aguas se pueden llegar a encontrarse niveles mayores de SPD, en comparaci贸n a los del agua de consumo; este incremento en los niveles de SPD se debe a factores como la recirculaci贸n del agua, un mayor tiempo de contacto con el desinfectante y la presencia de precursores org谩nicos provenientes de los ba帽istas.Numerosos estudios epidemiol贸gicos han investigado los efectos adversos que la exposici贸n a estos SPD puede tener en la salud humana, encontrando una posible asociaci贸n entre el incremento en el riesgo de c谩ncer de vejiga y la exposici贸n a estos subproductos.Por lo tanto, con la finalidad de incrementar la informaci贸n sobre el potencial genot贸xico de algunos SPD, se seleccionaron 11 SPD (bromonitrometano, tricloronitrometano, tribromoacetaldehido, hidrato de cloral, 谩cido mucobr贸mico, 谩cido mucocl贸rico, nitrosodimetilamina, nitrosodietilamina, 谩cido yodoac茅tico, 谩cido bromoac茅tico, 谩cido cloroac茅tico), los cuales se evaluaron en los ensayos del cometa, de micron煤cleos y de linfoma de rat贸n. En funci贸n de los resultados obtenidos, la mayor铆a de los SPD seleccionados pueden ser considerados como genot贸xicos (ensayo del cometa), aunque tan s贸lo uno ha inducido da帽o clastog茅nico/aneug茅nico (ensayo de micron煤cleos) y otro se ha mostrado como mutag茅nico (ensayo de linfoma de rat贸n).Adem谩s, la evaluaci贸n del efecto genot贸xico del agua de piscina ha corroborado que el proceso de desinfecci贸n adicional incrementa su potencial genot贸xico, al tiempo que se ha encontrado una posible asociaci贸n entre los niveles de ciertos trihalometanos en el aire exhalado de usuarios de piscina y los incrementos en los marcadores de da帽o genot贸xico (frecuencia de micron煤cleos).Disinfection by-products are chemical compounds generated from the reaction of the disinfectant, usually chlorine, with natural organic and inorganic matter present in the source water during the disinfection process. Each water treatment plant has a unique profile of disinfection by-products (DBPs) depending on many factors such as the disinfectant used, secondary disinfectant, pH, temperature, natural organic and inorganic matter content, etc.In addition to the ingestion exposure to DBPs by the consumption of water, the recreational use of swimming pools is another important type of exposure to DBPs. In this water, the levels of DBPs are greater than the ones detect in tap water; this increase in DBPs levels is due to factors like the recirculation of water, the greater time of contact with the disinfectant and the presence of many organic precursors originating from the swimmers.Several epidemiologic studies have investigated the adverse effects of the DBP exposure in the human health, finding a possible association between the increase in the risk of urinary bladder cancer and the exposure of these by-products.Therefore, with the purpose of increasing the information of the genotoxic potential of some DBPs, we selected 11 DBPs (bromonitromethane, trichloronitromethane, tribromoacetaldehyde, chloral hydrate, mucobromic acid, mucochloric acid, nitrosodimethylamine, nitrosodiethylamine, iodoacetic acid, bromoacetic acid, chloroacetic acid) which were evaluated in the comet assay, the micronucleus test and the mouse lymphoma assay. According to our results, almost all of the selected DBPs can be considered as genotoxic agents (comet assay), but only one DBP induced clastogenic/aneugenic damage (micronucleus test) and another DBP was considered as mutagenic (mouse lymphoma assay).The evaluation of the genotoxic effect of swimming pool water has corroborated that the additional disinfection process increased the genotoxic potential of swimming pool water, and also it has been found a possible association between the presence of some trihalomethanes levels in the exhalated air of swimming pools users, and the increase in the biomarkers of genotoxic damage (frequency of micronuclei)
Riesgo genot贸xico de los subproductos de la desinfecci贸n del agua
Descripci贸 del recurs: el 24 mar莽 2011BibliografiaLos subproductos de la desinfecci贸n del agua de consumo son compuestos qu铆micos que se generan por la reacci贸n entre el desinfecante usado, cloro en la mayor铆a de los casos, y la materia org谩nica e inorg谩nica presente en el agua a desinfectar. El perfil de estos subproductos es diferente entre las distintas plantas de tratamiento, debido a varios factores involucrados en su formaci贸n como son el tipo de desinfectante usado, el desinfectante secundario, el pH, la temperatura y la materia org谩nica e inorg谩nica presente, entre otros factores. Adem谩s de la exposici贸n a los SPD mediante el agua de consumo, otra forma de exposici贸n la constituye el uso recreacional del agua de las piscinas. En estas aguas se pueden llegar a encontrarse niveles mayores de SPD, en comparaci贸n a los del agua de consumo; este incremento en los niveles de SPD se debe a factores como la recirculaci贸n del agua, un mayor tiempo de contacto con el desinfectante y la presencia de precursores org谩nicos provenientes de los ba帽istas. Numerosos estudios epidemiol贸gicos han investigado los efectos adversos que la exposici贸n a estos SPD puede tener en la salud humana, encontrando una posible asociaci贸n entre el incremento en el riesgo de c谩ncer de vejiga y la exposici贸n a estos subproductos. Por lo tanto, con la finalidad de incrementar la informaci贸n sobre el potencial genot贸xico de algunos SPD, se seleccionaron 11 SPD (bromonitrometano, tricloronitrometano, tribromoacetaldehido, hidrato de cloral, 谩cido mucobr贸mico, 谩cido mucocl贸rico, nitrosodimetilamina, nitrosodietilamina, 谩cido yodoac茅tico, 谩cido bromoac茅tico, 谩cido cloroac茅tico), los cuales se evaluaron en los ensayos del cometa, de micron煤cleos y de linfoma de rat贸n. En funci贸n de los resultados obtenidos, la mayor铆a de los SPD seleccionados pueden ser considerados como genot贸xicos (ensayo del cometa), aunque tan s贸lo uno ha inducido da帽o clastog茅nico/aneug茅nico (ensayo de micron煤cleos) y otro se ha mostrado como mutag茅nico (ensayo de linfoma de rat贸n). Adem谩s, la evaluaci贸n del efecto genot贸xico del agua de piscina ha corroborado que el proceso de desinfecci贸n adicional incrementa su potencial genot贸xico, al tiempo que se ha encontrado una posible asociaci贸n entre los niveles de ciertos trihalometanos en el aire exhalado de usuarios de piscina y los incrementos en los marcadores de da帽o genot贸xico (frecuencia de micron煤cleos).Disinfection by-products are chemical compounds generated from the reaction of the disinfectant, usually chlorine, with natural organic and inorganic matter present in the source water during the disinfection process. Each water treatment plant has a unique profile of disinfection by-products (DBPs) depending on many factors such as the disinfectant used, secondary disinfectant, pH, temperature, natural organic and inorganic matter content, etc. In addition to the ingestion exposure to DBPs by the consumption of water, the recreational use of swimming pools is another important type of exposure to DBPs. In this water, the levels of DBPs are greater than the ones detect in tap water; this increase in DBPs levels is due to factors like the recirculation of water, the greater time of contact with the disinfectant and the presence of many organic precursors originating from the swimmers. Several epidemiologic studies have investigated the adverse effects of the DBP exposure in the human health, finding a possible association between the increase in the risk of urinary bladder cancer and the exposure of these by-products. Therefore, with the purpose of increasing the information of the genotoxic potential of some DBPs, we selected 11 DBPs (bromonitromethane, trichloronitromethane, tribromoacetaldehyde, chloral hydrate, mucobromic acid, mucochloric acid, nitrosodimethylamine, nitrosodiethylamine, iodoacetic acid, bromoacetic acid, chloroacetic acid) which were evaluated in the comet assay, the micronucleus test and the mouse lymphoma assay. According to our results, almost all of the selected DBPs can be considered as genotoxic agents (comet assay), but only one DBP induced clastogenic/aneugenic damage (micronucleus test) and another DBP was considered as mutagenic (mouse lymphoma assay). The evaluation of the genotoxic effect of swimming pool water has corroborated that the additional disinfection process increased the genotoxic potential of swimming pool water, and also it has been found a possible association between the presence of some trihalomethanes levels in the exhalated air of swimming pools users, and the increase in the biomarkers of genotoxic damage (frequency of micronuclei)
Genotoxic Effects in Swimmers Exposed to Disinfection By-products in Indoor Swimming Pools
BACKGROUND: Exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking
water has been associated with cancer risk. A recent study (Villanueva
et al. 2007; Am J Epidemiol 165:148-156) found an increased bladder
cancer risk among subjects attending swimming pools relative to those
not attending.
OBJECTIVES: We evaluated adults who swam in chlorinated pools to
determine whether exposure to DBPs in pool water is associated with
biomarkers of genotoxicity.
METHODS: We collected blood, urine, and exhaled air samples from 49
non-smoking adult volunteers before and after they swam for 40 min in an
indoor chlorinated pool. We estimated associations between the
concentrations of four trihalomethanes (THMs) in exhaled breath and
changes in micronuclei (MN) and DNA damage (comet assay) in peripheral
blood lymphocytes before and 1 hr after swimming; urine mutagenicity
(Ames assay) before and 2 hr after swimming; and MN in exfoliated
urothelial cells before and 2 weeks after swimming. We also estimated
associations and interactions with polymorphisms in genes related to DNA
repair or to DBP metabolism.
RESULTS: After swimming, the total concentration of the four THMs in
exhaled breath was seven times higher than before swimming. The change
in the frequency of micronucleated lymphocytes after swimming increased
in association with higher exhaled concentrations of the brominated THMs
(p = 0.03 for bromodichloromethane, p = 0.05 for chlorodibromomethane, p
= 0.01 for bromoform) but not chloroform. Swimming was not associated
with DNA damage detectable by the comet assay. Urine mutagenicity
increased significantly after swimming, in association with the higher
concentration of exhaled bromoform (p = 0.004). We found no significant
associations with changes in micronucleated urothelial cells.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support potential genotoxic effects of
exposure to DBPs from swimming pools. The positive health effects gained
by swimming could be increased by reducing the potential health risks of
pool water