78 research outputs found
Pierre des Noyers â uczony i poĆrednik naukowy na dworze Ludwiki Marii Gonzagi
Pierre des Noyers, secretary of Queen of Poland Louise-Marie Gonzaga, is known for his role as a messenger, envoy, court journalist and sometimes propagandist. His work as an unofficial diplomat for the Queen and ambassador for France is less famous though no less interesting. Even though he was already quite involved in these time-consuming tasks, Pierre des Noyers also acted as a scientific intermediary for the quite curious Queen Louise-Marie of Poland. He maintained contacts with many scholars from France and Italy. He could nurture this network thanks to his position as an informal diplomat at the court of the Queen and his dedication to science in general. Even by discarding his most official and political letters, his known correspondence amounts to several hundred letters written in a period of around 50 years to various friends and scholars. Roberval, Gassendi, Boulliau, Hevelius or Pascal are among these contacts and he plays for most of them the role of a scientific intermediary sharing with them observations, books and anecdotes. His letters are filled with astronomical observations, prodigies and prophecies. Des Noyers was also a practitioner of science. Having possessed a rather large collection of scientific instruments he always sought the improved ones and his daily life was marked by scientific studies. He wrote meteorological bulletins for Academia del Cimento in Florence, studied the measurement of time, observed the sun and showed interest in the inner workings of the human body. This article will delve further into more scientific aspects of Pierre des Noyersâs life, both at the court of Louise-Marie and outside. The first part presents a rough overview of the secretaryâs contacts in the scientific environment of 17th Century France and how they were used to connect scholars from Poland with this environment. The second part of this work presents Pierre des Noyersâs practice of science as a tool to understand the world and for which utmost diligence in measurement and practice is required. The last part focuses on des Noyersâs application of this scientific method in two, now pseudo-scientific fields: astrology and divination.Pierre des Noyers, sekretarz Ludwiki Marii Gonzagi â krĂłlowej Polski, znany jest jako poseĆ, ambasador, nadworny dziennikarz oraz propagandysta. Jego praca jako nieoficjalnego dyplomaty krĂłlowej i ambasadora Francji jest natomiast mniej znana, chociaĆŒ nie mniej interesujÄ
ca. Pomimo tego czasochĆonnego zaangaĆŒowania, Pierre des Noyers dziaĆaĆ rĂłwnieĆŒ jako poĆrednik naukowy dla zaciekawionej krĂłlowej. UtrzymywaĆ on kontakty z wieloma uczonymi z Francji i WĆoch, a do rozwoju tej sieci powiÄ
zaĆ przyczyniaĆa siÄ zarĂłwno pozycja nieformalnego dyplomaty na dworze krĂłlowej jak i oddanie nauce. Nie wliczajÄ
c listĂłw oficjalnych i politycznych, jego korespondencja prywatna, prowadzona z przyjaciĂłĆmi i uczonymi na przestrzeni 50 lat, liczy kilkaset listĂłw. WĆrĂłd tych kontaktĂłw sÄ
Roberval, Gassendi, Boulliau, Heweliusz oraz Pascal, a dla wiÄkszoĆci z nich odgrywa on rolÄ naukowego poĆrednika dzielÄ
c siÄ z nimi obserwacjami, ksiÄ
ĆŒkami i anegdotami. Jego korespondencja obfituje w obserwacje astronomiczne, przepowiednie i opisy zjawisk nadzwyczajnych. Pierre des Noyers prowadziĆ rĂłwnieĆŒ wĆasne badania. PosiadajÄ
c stosunkowo licznÄ
kolekcjÄ instrumentĂłw naukowych zawsze poszukiwaĆ ulepszonych narzÄdzi, a jego codzienne ĆŒycie znaczone byĆo pracÄ
badawczÄ
. PisaĆ biuletyny meteorologiczne dla florenckiej Academia del Cimento, prowadziĆ badania nad pomiarem czasu, obserwaĆ sĆoĆce oraz interesowaĆ siÄ wewnÄtrznym funkcjonowaniem ludzkiego ciaĆa. W niniejszym artykule zagĆÄbimy siÄ w bardziej naukowe aspekty ĆŒycia Pierreâa des Noyers, zarĂłwno na dworze Ludwiki Marii, jak i poza nim. W pierwszej czÄĆci przedstawiony zostaĆ zarys jego kontaktĂłw w Ćrodowisku naukowym XVII-wiecznej Francji oraz w jaki sposĂłb byĆy one wykorzystywane do ĆÄ
czenia z tym Ćrodowiskiem uczonych z Polski. Druga czÄĆÄ pracy przedstawia jego badania naukowe, ktĂłre traktowaĆ jako narzÄdzie do zrozumienia Ćwiata, do czego potrzebna jest najwyĆŒsza starannoĆÄ w pomiarze i praktyce. Ostatnia czÄĆÄ skupia siÄ na zastosowaniu przez des Noyersa tej naukowej metody w dwĂłch, obecnie pseudonaukowych dziedzinach: astrologii i wrĂłĆŒbiarstwie
LâEtat actuel de la Pologne, par lâabbĂ© Jean-Baptiste de ChĂšvremont (1702) : un regard surprenant sur la Pologne aprĂšs lâĂ©lection dâAuguste II
This article is a short analysis of the depiction Poland-Lithuania made by de ChĂšvremont at the dawn of the 18th century. In his LâEtat actuel de la Pologne (the actual state of Poland), he voluntarily set aside history of Poland-Lithuania and presents himself as a âPolitical travellerâ. He proposes first to show hidden forces acting behind the political scene as he considers earlier French authors failed to do so, a weakness which made their work incomplete. He then proposes a pessimistic analysis of the Polish dĂ©cadence, de ChĂšvremont being one of the first to use this term, showing all major causes slowly leading Poland to a fateful end and why, according to him, Poland is already a lost cause.W artykule przedstawiono krĂłtkÄ
analizÄ obrazu Korony I Litwy sporzÄ
dzonego przez de ChĂšvremonta na poczÄ
tku XVIII wieku. W swoim LâEtat actuel de la Pologne (âPrawdziwy obraz Polskiâ) de ChĂšvremont nazywa siÄ âpolitycznym podrĂłĆŒnikiemâ. Zaczyna od nakreĆlenia ukrytych siĆ dziaĆajÄ
cych poza scenÄ
politycznÄ
i zwraca uwagÄ, ĆŒe nie udaĆo siÄ to wczeĆniejszym autorom francuskim, przez co ich prace byĆy niekompletne. NastÄpnie przedstawia pesymistycznÄ
wizjÄ polskiej dekadencji â de ChĂšvremont jest jednym z pierwszych, ktĂłrzy uĆŒywajÄ
tego okreĆlenia, pokazujÄ
c gĆĂłwne przyczyny prowadzÄ
ce PolskÄ powoli do smutnego koĆca. Zwraca rĂłwnieĆŒ uwagÄ na to, dlaczego â jego zdaniem â Polska juĆŒ przegraĆa swojÄ
sprawÄ
Automatic generation of large ensembles for air quality forecasting using the Polyphemus system
International audienceThis paper describes a method to automatically generate a large ensemble of air quality simulations. Such an ensemble may be useful for quantifying uncertainty, improving forecasts, evaluating risks, identifying process weaknesses, etc. The objective is to take into account all sources of uncertainty: input data, physical formulation and numerical formulation. The leading idea is to build different chemistry-transport models in the same framework, so that the ensemble generation can be fully controlled. Large ensembles can be generated with a Monte Carlo simulations that address at the same time the uncertainties in the input data and in the model formulation. This is achieved using the Polyphemus system, which is flexible enough to build various different models. The system offers a wide range of options in the construction of a model: many physical parameterizations, several numerical schemes and different input data can be combined. In addition, input data can be perturbed. In this paper, some 30 alternatives are available for the generation of a model. For each alternative, the options are given a probability, based on how reliable they are supposed to be. Each model of the ensemble is defined by randomly selecting one option per alternative. In order to decrease the computational load, as many computations as possible are shared by the models of the ensemble. As an example, an ensemble of 101 photochemical models is generated and run for the year 2001 over Europe. The models' performance is quickly reviewed, and the ensemble structure is analyzed. We found a strong diversity in the results of the models and a wide spread of the ensemble. It is noteworthy that many models turn out to be the best model in some regions and some dates
Uncertainty Estimation and Decomposition based on Monte Carlo and Multimodel Photochemical Simulations
This paper investigates (1) the main sources of uncertainties in ground-level ozone simulations, (2) the best method to estimate them, and (3) the decomposition of the errors in measurement, representativeness and modeling errors. It first compares the Monte Carlo approach, solely based on perturbations in the input fields and parameters, with the multimodel approach, which relies on an ensemble of models with different chemical, physical and numerical formulations. Two ensembles of 100 members are generated for the full year 2001 over Europe. Their uncertainty estimations for ground-level ozone are compared. For both ensembles, we select a sub-ensemble that minimizes the variance of the rank histogram, so that it is supposed to better represent the uncertainties. The multimodel (sub-)ensemble shows more variability and seems to better represent the uncertainties (especially for the localization of the covariances) than the Monte Carlo (sub-)ensemble. The main sources of the uncertainties originating in the input fields and parameters are then identified with a linear regression of the output ozone concentrations on the applied perturbations. The uncertainty ranges due to the different input fields and parameters are computed at urban, rural and background observation stations. For both the multimodel ensemble and the Monte Carlo ensemble, ozone boundary conditions play an important role, even at continental scale; but many other fields or parameters appear to be a significant source of uncertainty. The discrepancies between observations and model simulations are due to measurement errors, representativeness errors and modeling errors (i.e., shortcomings in the model formulation or in its input data). Using two independent methods, we estimate the variance of the representativeness errors. We conclude that the measurement errors are comparatively low, and that the representativeness errors can explain at least a third of the variance of the discrepancies
Superconducting quantum node for entanglement and storage of microwave radiation
Superconducting circuits and microwave signals are good candidates to realize
quantum networks, which are the backbone of quantum computers. We have realized
a quantum node based on a 3D microwave superconducting cavity parametrically
coupled to a transmission line by a Josephson ring modulator. We first
demonstrate the time-controlled capture, storage and retrieval of an optimally
shaped propagating microwave field, with an efficiency as high as 80%. We then
demonstrate a second essential ability, which is the timed-controlled
generation of an entangled state distributed between the node and a microwave
channel.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary information can be downloaded as
the ancillary file her
Proceedings of Abstracts, School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science Research Conference 2022
© 2022 The Author(s). This is an open-access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For further details please see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Plenary by Prof. Timothy Foat, âIndoor dispersion at Dstl and its recent application to COVID-19 transmissionâ is © Crown copyright (2022), Dstl. This material is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected] present proceedings record the abstracts submitted and accepted for presentation at SPECS 2022, the second edition of the School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science Research Conference that took place online, the 12th April 2022
âThis Cockaigne, where things change so oftenâ : considerations of Pierre des Noyersâ, secretary of the Queen Louise-Marie, about late 17th century Poland (1645-1693)
Ce travail est une Ă©tude systĂ©matique de la correspondance de Pierre des Noyers, dĂ©cortiquĂ©e et recontextualisĂ©e pour mieux comprendre Ă la fois le regard posĂ© par le secrĂ©taire sur la Pologne de son temps mais surtout son Ă©volution au cours de plusieurs dĂ©cennies. Il permet notamment de dĂ©celer de nombreuses rĂ©fĂ©rences aux auteurs polonais dans les rĂ©flexions du secrĂ©taire et de la qualitĂ© de ses connaissances sur son pays dâadoption. Loin dâĂȘtre simplement secrĂ©taire de la reine Louise-Marie, il devient au fil des annĂ©es un vĂ©ritable agent au service de la souveraine et de la France et relie les deux cours par une intense activitĂ© Ă©pistolaire, tout en sâimprĂ©gnant complĂštement de la mentalitĂ© nobiliaire du pays, notamment son dĂ©sir de libertĂ©. La premiĂšre partie est une Ă©tude sur la Pologne telle que la dĂ©couvre Pierre des Noyers en 1645, Ă savoir sa gĂ©ographie, ses institutions et lâidĂ©ologie qui anime la noblesse du pays. Elle rĂ©sume Ă la fois les contraintes que rencontre Louise-Marie dans son action politique ainsi que lâunivers mental dans lequel Pierre des Noyers se fond peu Ă peu. La deuxiĂšme partie est une Ă©tude de lâentourage de la reine de Pologne, particuliĂšrement entre 1660 et 1667, tel quâil apparaĂźt dans la correspondance de son secrĂ©taire. Cette reprĂ©sentation est capitale, car câest lâimage du parti de la reine tel quâil est vu en France et elle influence grandement les instructions envoyĂ©es par la France Ă ses ambassadeurs. La troisiĂšme partie se concentre sur Pierre des Noyers lui-mĂȘme, notamment ses centres dâintĂ©rĂȘts et son rĂŽle aprĂšs la mort de sa protectrice. GrĂące la confiance quâil a acquise au sein des Polonais partisans de la reine de Pologne et de ses projets politiques, Pierre des Noyers devient lâun de leurs canaux dâexpression auprĂšs de la France.This work is a systematic study of Pierre des Noyersâ correspondence, analysed and contextualized with the aim to understand at the same time the secretaryâs considerations about Poland but mostly their evolution decade after decade. Such study allows us to find numerous references to Polish thinkers of the time and assess the general quality of his knowledge about his new motherland. Far from being just a secretary for Louise-Marie, Pierre des Noyers becomes year after year a true agent at the service of the queen as well as France, who links both courts thanks to an intense epistolary activity, all while being strongly influenced by the Polish nobilityâs mentality, especially their desire for liberty. The first part is a study on Poland in 1645, at the time when Pierre des Noyers settles in Warsaw : its geography, institutions and the nobilityâs ideology. Here are summarized constraints encountered by the queen Louise-Marie while pursuing her political ageda as well as the mental universe in which Pierre des Noyers slowly blends in. The second part deals with the queenâs entourage, especially between 1660 and 1667, according to her secretaryâs correspondence. This representation is of crucial importance because this is the picture that France gets about the queenâs political party, which in turn greatly influences Franceâs actions and instructions sent to their ambassadors. The last part is about Pierre des Noyers himself; especially his various interests and his role after Louise-Marieâs death. Thanks to the general confidence he inspires among the queenâs partisans, Pierre des Noyers becomes one of their main channel of expression and influence in France
âThis Cockaigne, where things change so oftenâ : considerations of Pierre des Noyersâ, secretary of the Queen Louise-Marie, about late 17th century Poland (1645-1693)
Ce travail est une Ă©tude systĂ©matique de la correspondance de Pierre des Noyers, dĂ©cortiquĂ©e et recontextualisĂ©e pour mieux comprendre Ă la fois le regard posĂ© par le secrĂ©taire sur la Pologne de son temps mais surtout son Ă©volution au cours de plusieurs dĂ©cennies. Il permet notamment de dĂ©celer de nombreuses rĂ©fĂ©rences aux auteurs polonais dans les rĂ©flexions du secrĂ©taire et de la qualitĂ© de ses connaissances sur son pays dâadoption. Loin dâĂȘtre simplement secrĂ©taire de la reine Louise-Marie, il devient au fil des annĂ©es un vĂ©ritable agent au service de la souveraine et de la France et relie les deux cours par une intense activitĂ© Ă©pistolaire, tout en sâimprĂ©gnant complĂštement de la mentalitĂ© nobiliaire du pays, notamment son dĂ©sir de libertĂ©. La premiĂšre partie est une Ă©tude sur la Pologne telle que la dĂ©couvre Pierre des Noyers en 1645, Ă savoir sa gĂ©ographie, ses institutions et lâidĂ©ologie qui anime la noblesse du pays. Elle rĂ©sume Ă la fois les contraintes que rencontre Louise-Marie dans son action politique ainsi que lâunivers mental dans lequel Pierre des Noyers se fond peu Ă peu. La deuxiĂšme partie est une Ă©tude de lâentourage de la reine de Pologne, particuliĂšrement entre 1660 et 1667, tel quâil apparaĂźt dans la correspondance de son secrĂ©taire. Cette reprĂ©sentation est capitale, car câest lâimage du parti de la reine tel quâil est vu en France et elle influence grandement les instructions envoyĂ©es par la France Ă ses ambassadeurs. La troisiĂšme partie se concentre sur Pierre des Noyers lui-mĂȘme, notamment ses centres dâintĂ©rĂȘts et son rĂŽle aprĂšs la mort de sa protectrice. GrĂące la confiance quâil a acquise au sein des Polonais partisans de la reine de Pologne et de ses projets politiques, Pierre des Noyers devient lâun de leurs canaux dâexpression auprĂšs de la France.This work is a systematic study of Pierre des Noyersâ correspondence, analysed and contextualized with the aim to understand at the same time the secretaryâs considerations about Poland but mostly their evolution decade after decade. Such study allows us to find numerous references to Polish thinkers of the time and assess the general quality of his knowledge about his new motherland. Far from being just a secretary for Louise-Marie, Pierre des Noyers becomes year after year a true agent at the service of the queen as well as France, who links both courts thanks to an intense epistolary activity, all while being strongly influenced by the Polish nobilityâs mentality, especially their desire for liberty. The first part is a study on Poland in 1645, at the time when Pierre des Noyers settles in Warsaw : its geography, institutions and the nobilityâs ideology. Here are summarized constraints encountered by the queen Louise-Marie while pursuing her political ageda as well as the mental universe in which Pierre des Noyers slowly blends in. The second part deals with the queenâs entourage, especially between 1660 and 1667, according to her secretaryâs correspondence. This representation is of crucial importance because this is the picture that France gets about the queenâs political party, which in turn greatly influences Franceâs actions and instructions sent to their ambassadors. The last part is about Pierre des Noyers himself; especially his various interests and his role after Louise-Marieâs death. Thanks to the general confidence he inspires among the queenâs partisans, Pierre des Noyers becomes one of their main channel of expression and influence in France
Calibration d'ensemble pour l'estimation de l'incertitude en qualité de l'air
National audienc
- âŠ