Estrutura produtiva e complexidade

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Marcelo Luiz CuradoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Econômico. Defesa: Curitiba, 20/02/2017Inclui referênciasResumo: O tema desse trabalho é analisar as teorias estruturalistas e neo-estruturalistas latino-americano e os avanços decorrentes da complexidade econômica, realizando um debate entre essas abordagens cujo objeto central é a relação entre estrutura produtiva, transformação estrutural e desenvolvimento econômico. O objetivo é mostrar os pontos de contato entre estas teorias e as formas com as quais podem ser compreendidas como críticas às vantagens comparativas estáticas. Busca-se também traçar a linha evolutiva do pensamento cepalino e o papel da estrutura produtiva em suas teorias. De mesma forma, realiza-se uma síntese dos avanços da complexidade econômica, com a finalidade de apresentar sistematicamente os seus avanços. Dessa forma, as três abordagens são apresentadas de forma comparativa e por meio de aproximações complementares: uma teórica e uma com respeito à difusão do pensamento periférico. A primeria ressalta os pontos convergentes ou não entre o pensamento cepalino e a complexidade. A segunda evidencia o contato entre as literaturas. Concluiu-se que tanto o estruturalismo quanto o neoestruturalismo e a complexidade constituem visões que atribuem o desenvolvimento econômico à capacidade de um país se transformar estruturalmente, no sentido da diversificação de sua produção e do maior conteúdo tecnológico e maior complexidade de seus produtos, alterando suas vantagens comparativas. Por fim, verificou-se também que a complexidade se insere no debate já estabelecido sobre a relação estrutura e desenvolvimento, reconhecendo inclusive os avanços do estruturalismo latino-americano. Palavras-chave: Estrutura produtiva. Estruturalismo latino-americano. Complexidade econômica.Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyze Latin American structuralist and neo-structuralist theories and the advances derived from economic complexity, by conducting a debate between these approaches whose central object is the relationship between productive structure, structural transformation and economic development. The objective is to show the points of contact between these theories and the ways in which they can be understood as critical to static comparative advantages. It also seeks to trace the evolutionary line of ECLAC thought and the role of the productive structure in its theories. In the same way, a synthesis of the advances of the economic complexity is made, with the purpose of presenting systematically its advances. Thus, the three approaches are presented in a comparative way and through complementary approaches: one theoretical and one with respect to the diffusion of peripheral thinking. The first emphasizes the points converging or not between ECLAC thought and complexity. The second shows the contact between the literatures. It was concluded that both structuralism and neo-structuralism and complexity are visions that attribute economic development to a country's capacity to transform itself structurally, in the sense of diversifying its production and the greater technological content and complexity of its products, altering its advantages. Finally, it was also verified that complexity is part of the already established debate on the relationship between structure and development, recognizing the advances of Latin American structuralism. Key-words: Productive structure. Latin-american structuralism. Economic complexity

Does Colchicine really work? The results of the first controlled study in acute gout

We have performed the first controlled study of colchicine in acute gout, to determine its efficacy and toxicity, and to define the natural history of acute gout. Two-thirds of colchicine-treated patients improved after 48 hours, but only one-third of the patients receiving placebo demonstrated similar improvement. The colchicine-treated patients responded earlier; significant differences from placebo were shown after 18-30 hours. All patients given colchicine developed diarrhea after a median time of 24 hours (mean dose of colchicine 6.7 mg). This side effect occurred before relief of pain in most patients

The atribution performed by the Executive over the public financial administration and the imbalance caused in the division of powers

A predominância do Poder Executivo no contexto atual da separação de poderes, especialmente nos países que adotam o sistema presidencialista de governo, tem, entre suas causas fundamentais, a detenção da titularidade da gestão financeira e orçamentária do Estado pelo Chefe do Poder Executivo. Ademais, além das competências inerentes ao exercício de suas atribuições intrínsecas, o sistema jurídico confere uma série de instrumentos de flexibilidade que permitem ao Executivo, durante a fase de execução orçamentária, deixar de dar cumprimento efetivo ao orçamento público na forma como aprovado pelo Poder Legislativo. A par dos instrumentos de flexibilidade, existem outros mecanismos de que se vale o Chefe do Poder Executivo para alcançar um maior domínio no quadro da gestão financeira, mecanismos estes que, embora abarcados pelo sistema jurídico, são, no mais das vezes, utilizados de forma desvirtuada em relação às suas reais finalidades. Ainda, a despeito da vasta competência constitucional atribuída ao Poder Executivo, verifica-se um quadro de recuo do Poder Legislativo no exercício de suas funções, como ao conferir autorizações antecipadas para a prática de determinadas medidas de gestão, aliado à aquiescência diante dos abusos perpetrados pelo Poder Executivo. Contribui, ainda, de forma decisiva para a predominância do Poder Executivo, algumas práticas inerentes ao chamado presidencialismo de coalizão, que permitem ao Executivo negociar o apoio dos membros do Legislativo a medidas de seu interesse, em troca da liberação de recursos para a consecução de emendas parlamentares, e da nomeação para cargos públicos. Diante do quadro hoje delineado, que aponta para o domínio do Poder Executivo e a supremacia de seus interesses, urge a necessidade de adoção de medidas que visam recompor o equilíbrio entre os Poderes do Estado. Assim, além de expor a problemática existente, por meio da análise histórico-evolutiva das competências orçamentárias, e do papel desempenhado por cada um dos Poderes na sistemática orçamentária atual, abordando, em especial, os instrumentos de flexibilidade conferidos ao Executivo e os instrumentos de controle a cargo do Legislativo, o presente estudo aborda algumas propostas, já em tramitação, visando a alteração da sistemática orçamentária, entre as quais toma relevo a instituição do chamado orçamento impositivo, em substituição ao caráter autorizativo que hoje o reveste. Ainda, o estudo propõe medidas que visam refrear o avanço das competências executivas, utilizando como parâmetro algumas experiências trazidas de outros ordenamentos jurídicos, tendo em vista que as distorções verificadas não constituem uma realidade exclusiva do quadro político nacional.The supremacy of Executive in the present context of the division of powers, specially in the countries which adopt the presidential government system, has, among its basic causes, the ownership of the attribution of the financial and budgetary administration of the State by the Executive Head. Furthermore, besides the competencies inherent to the term of its intrinsic attributions, the legal system gives a series of flexibility instruments that allows the Executive, during the budget execution phase, not effectively accomplish the public budget as it was approved by the Legislative. Knowing the flexibility instruments, there are others mechanisms used by the Head of the Executive to reach a bigger domain in the financial management scene, these mechanisms that, although embraced by the juridical system, are, mostly used in a distorted way related to its real purpose. Despite of the ample constitutional competency imputed to the Executive, we can find a backward picture of the Legislative performing its functions, as well as to give advanced authorizations to the performance of certain manage practices, allied to the compliance facing the fallacy committed by the Executive. Still, conduce, in a decisive way to the prevalence of the Executive, some inherent practices to the called presidential coalition, which allow the Executive to negotiate the support to Legislative members in actions of its self-interest, in exchange of the release of resources for the attainment of the parliamentary amendments and the public positions designations. Facing the picture contoured today, that points to the ascendancy of the Executive Power and the supremacy of its interests, it is imperative the necessity of the adoption of actions that aim the restore of the balance between the Powers of the State. Thus, besides to expose the existing problematical, by the historicalevolutionary analysis of the budgetary attributions, and the function performed by each of the Powers in the present budgetary systematic, analyzing, specially, the instruments of flexibility given to the Executive and the instruments of control designated to the Legislative, the present study analyzes some proposals, already on course, aiming the change of the budgetary system, among which stands out the institution of the called imposing budget, in replacement to the authoritative nature that today line it. Also, the study propose actions that aim to restrain the progress of the executive competencies, using as a parameter some experiences brought from other juridical systems, taking into account that the distortions found do not constitute a exclusive reality of the national political picture

The effects of emergency aid on work

Esta dissertação de mestrado almeja avaliar o impacto do Auxílio Emergencial, programa implementado durante a pandemia causada pela COVID-19, sobre a oferta de trabalho no Brasil, em que a variável de interesse é a ocupação do indivíduo. Dividimos a análise em 3 resultados: geral, mulheres chefes do domicílio e homens chefes do domicílio. A análise foi feita utilizando a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNADC) e a PNAD-COVID e empregando o Método de Diferenças em Diferenças, encontramos que Auxílio Emergencial tem um efeito negativo sobre o trabalho, apesar desse ser de pequena magnitude e de curto prazo. Nossa análise de heterogeneidade indica que o efeito do programa sobre as mulheres é maior do que sobre os homens.This master\'s thesis aims to evaluate the impact of Auxílio Emergencial, a program implemented during the pandemic caused by COVID-19, on the job offer in Brazil, in which the variable of interest is the occupation of the individual. We divided the analysis into 3 results: general, female heads of household and male heads of household. The analysis was carried out using the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNADC) and the PNAD-COVID and using the Differences in Differences Method, we found that Emergency Aid has a negative effect on work, despite being of small magnitude and of short term. Our heterogeneity analysis indicates that the effect of the program on women is greater than on men

Estrutura produtiva e complexidade

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Marcelo Luiz CuradoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Econômico. Defesa: Curitiba, 20/02/2017Inclui referênciasResumo: O tema desse trabalho é analisar as teorias estruturalistas e neo-estruturalistas latino-americano e os avanços decorrentes da complexidade econômica, realizando um debate entre essas abordagens cujo objeto central é a relação entre estrutura produtiva, transformação estrutural e desenvolvimento econômico. O objetivo é mostrar os pontos de contato entre estas teorias e as formas com as quais podem ser compreendidas como críticas às vantagens comparativas estáticas. Busca-se também traçar a linha evolutiva do pensamento cepalino e o papel da estrutura produtiva em suas teorias. De mesma forma, realiza-se uma síntese dos avanços da complexidade econômica, com a finalidade de apresentar sistematicamente os seus avanços. Dessa forma, as três abordagens são apresentadas de forma comparativa e por meio de aproximações complementares: uma teórica e uma com respeito à difusão do pensamento periférico. A primeria ressalta os pontos convergentes ou não entre o pensamento cepalino e a complexidade. A segunda evidencia o contato entre as literaturas. Concluiu-se que tanto o estruturalismo quanto o neoestruturalismo e a complexidade constituem visões que atribuem o desenvolvimento econômico à capacidade de um país se transformar estruturalmente, no sentido da diversificação de sua produção e do maior conteúdo tecnológico e maior complexidade de seus produtos, alterando suas vantagens comparativas. Por fim, verificou-se também que a complexidade se insere no debate já estabelecido sobre a relação estrutura e desenvolvimento, reconhecendo inclusive os avanços do estruturalismo latino-americano. Palavras-chave: Estrutura produtiva. Estruturalismo latino-americano. Complexidade econômica.Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyze Latin American structuralist and neo-structuralist theories and the advances derived from economic complexity, by conducting a debate between these approaches whose central object is the relationship between productive structure, structural transformation and economic development. The objective is to show the points of contact between these theories and the ways in which they can be understood as critical to static comparative advantages. It also seeks to trace the evolutionary line of ECLAC thought and the role of the productive structure in its theories. In the same way, a synthesis of the advances of the economic complexity is made, with the purpose of presenting systematically its advances. Thus, the three approaches are presented in a comparative way and through complementary approaches: one theoretical and one with respect to the diffusion of peripheral thinking. The first emphasizes the points converging or not between ECLAC thought and complexity. The second shows the contact between the literatures. It was concluded that both structuralism and neo-structuralism and complexity are visions that attribute economic development to a country's capacity to transform itself structurally, in the sense of diversifying its production and the greater technological content and complexity of its products, altering its advantages. Finally, it was also verified that complexity is part of the already established debate on the relationship between structure and development, recognizing the advances of Latin American structuralism. Key-words: Productive structure. Latin-american structuralism. Economic complexity

The "lothar" Study: Evaluation Of Efficacy And Tolerability Of The Fixed Combination Of Amlodipine And Losartan In The Treatment Of Essential Hypertension

OBJECTIVE: The LOTHAR study evaluated medium and long term (one year) efficacy, tolerability and metabolic effects of the fixed combination of amlodipine and losartan compared to amlodipine or losartan alone. METHODS: Brazilian multicenter, randomized, double-blind and comparative trial performed with 198 patients in stage 1 and 2 essential hypertension. RESULTS: The fixed combination has a high antihypertensive efficacy that is sustained in the long term with very low percentage of loss of blood pressure control. This percentage is incidentally lower than that of the two monotherapy comparative regimens. In the long term, more than 60% of the patients treated with the fixed combination remained with DBP ≤ 85 mmHg, and the antihypertensive effect, when assessed by ABPM persisted for 24 hours with a trough-to-peak ratio of 76.7%. The frequency of adverse events was quite low in this group, and the long-term incidence of leg edema was approximately four-fold lower than that observed with amlodipine alone. The fixed combination did not change glucose and lipid metabolism in the medium or in the long term. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we can say that the combination of amlodipine and losartan - the first fixed combination of a calcium channel blocker and an angiotensin II receptor blocker available in the pharmaceutical market, is an excellent option for the treatment of a wide range of hypertensive patients.8613951Sykowsky, P.A., D'Agostino, R.B., Belanger, A.J., Kannel, W.B., Secular Trends in Long Term Sustained Hypertension, Long Term Treatment and Cardiovascular Morbidity. The Framingham Heart Study 1950-1990 (1996) Circulation, 93, pp. 697-703MacMahon, S., Peto, R., Cutler, J., Blood Pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. 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