Re-attachment of a Fractured Maxillary Central Incisor: A Case with Two Years Follow-up

Crown re-attachment is the most conservative treatment that can be used to restore fractured tooth, even in an emergency situation. The re-attachment maintains original contour and incisal translucency of the tooth, and reduces the chair time and cost. In case of crown fracture with pin-point pulp exposure, irritation to the pulp should be minimised and consideration must be taken for pre-treatment pulpal status, choice of pulp capping material, choice of bonding system and treatment sequence during crown re-attachment procedures. This article reported a crown fracture case with pin-point pulp exposure that was treated using crown re-attachment with direct pulp capping. At two-year follow-up, the tooth was asymptomatic, remained functional, vital, and the appearance of restoration was acceptable with no colour change to the crown

Management of Perforating Idiopathic Internal Root Resorption

This case report describes the endodontic treatment of an idiopathic perforated internal root resorption. A 24-year-old male Malay patient presented with internal root resorption of two of his anterior teeth. The medical history was non-contributory and he had no history of traumatic injury or orthodontic treatment. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) determined the nature, location and severity of the resorptive lesion. Non-surgical root canal treatment of tooth #22 and combined non-surgical and surgical approach for tooth #11 were carried out using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as the filling material. The clinical and radiographic examination three years after completion of treatment revealed evidences of periapical healing. The appropriate diagnosis and the treatment of internal root resorption allowed good healing of these lesions and maintained the tooth in function for as long as possible.Keywords: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Idiopathic; Internal Root Resorption; Mineral Trioxide Aggregat

An Interdisciplinary Approach for Management of an Extensive Carious Premolar

The principle of ferrule effect is of prime importance when restoring an endodontically treated tooth. A severely broken down tooth due to subgingival caries almost always end up with extraction as inadequate ferrule effect would compromise the predictability of restorative treatment. This clinical case report describes a treatment approach that combines non-surgical endodontic treatment, orthodontic extrusion and prosthetic rehabilitation to restore the function and aesthetic aspect of an extensively carious premolar with compromised prognosis. One year follow-up indicated stable periodontal health with evidence of periapical healing radiographically.Keywords: Interdisciplinary Treatment; Orthodontic Extrusion; Root Canal Treatmen

Efficacy of Two Different Views of Video Demonstration in Teaching Access Cavity Preparation to Third Year Dental Students

Introduction: Demonstration of the access cavity preparation procedures to dental students is challenging due to the limited operating field and the detailed nature of the procedures. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate two different views in video demonstrations used to teach access cavity preparation. Methods and Materials: Two videos of access cavity preparation were filmed, one showing the occlusal view (OV) and one showing the sectional view (SV). Third-year dental students (n=57) who consented to participate in the study were divided into two groups to watch one of the videos. The perception and performance of both groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: At baseline, group OV (n=29) and group SV (n=28) were not significantly different in terms of operative scores (P=0.330). After watching the videos, the basic understanding of the theories was similar in both groups. However, the SV group responded more positively towards the helpfulness of the video in visualizing the inner anatomy of the tooth and in implementing the procedures (P<0.05). The SV group also completed the exercise within a shorter time (P<0.001). Nevertheless, the quality of the prepared access cavities was not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the additional step in sectioning a tooth before demonstration of access cavity preparation seems well worth the effort, offering the novice students advantages in visualizing certain anatomical landmarks and implementing access cavity preparation procedure within a shorter timeframe. Nevertheless, it did not improve the final quality of the preparations.Keywords: Access Cavity; Dental Education; Endodontics; Root Canal Therapy; Video Demonstratio

Influence of passive ultrasonic tip activation at different levels on the depth of sealer penetration: An in vitro study

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effect between different levels of ultrasonic tip activation on the depth of epoxy resin-based sealer (AH plus) dentinal tubules penetration. Materials and Methods: Extracted single-rooted premolars (n = 60) were randomly allocated into three groups and instrumented following the same protocol. Group 1 (control), the sealer was mixed with 0.1% Rhodamine B dye and placed using size 20 K-file. In Group 2, the sealer was passively activated using ultrasonic tip (ISO 25) 10 s mesiodistally and buccolingually at 2 mm from the apex. In Group 3, the sealer was activated in a similar manner at 4 mm from the apex. Samples were sectioned horizontally at 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm from the apex and analyzed using a stereomicroscope for tubular dentine sealer penetration. The cross-sectional area (μm2) was measured with software to get the percentage of sealer penetration, and presences of voids were recorded. Results: Significant lesser percentage of sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules was observed between the control group and both the experimental groups (P = 0.00) at 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm from the apex. There was no significant difference in the percentage of sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules between both the experimental groups (P > 0.05). The presence of voids between all groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Passive ultrasonic activation of sealer placement resulted in deeper sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules even at a higher level of tip activation (4 mm)

Dental Students’Attitudes and Perceptions towards ICT Resources and Skills

AbstractInformation and communication technology (ICT) is an increasingly important tool in dental education and practice. This may benefit the students’ personal and professional development. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes and perception towards ICT resources and skill among the clinical group of dental students of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. A selfadministered questionnaire was developed and pretested. The reliability of questionnaire with Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.761. With responded rate of 96.1%, this study revealed that majority of the students reported positive attitudes towards ICT. They also perceived that they have some skills in utilizing the ICT in their stud

AWARENESS ABOUT THE DRUG SAFETY AND MEDICATION USE AMONG THE PREGNANT WOMEN OF THE NORTHERN BORDER REGION OF SAUDI ARABIA

The inappropriate drug use during the pregnancy may cause serious complications. However, the consumption of drugs during the pregnancy cannot be totally avoided because of the existing chronic illness that may require continuous treatment or the development of new medical conditions during pregnancy that require therapeutic intervention. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the awareness about the drug safety and medication use among the pregnant women of the Northern Border Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study was carried out using a pretested and structured questionnaire among the pregnant women (N = 50) of the rural area, near Arar City and Rafha City, of the Northern Border Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. It was surprising to note that neither doctors nor the pharmacists provided full information about the medicine to more than 3/4th of the patients. This type of practice by the doctors and pharmacist may pose pregnancy related problems to the expecting mothers and may lead to serious consequences. There is an urgent need to take remedial actions regarding this issue by the concerned authorities of the Northen Border Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Keywords: Awareness, Safety, Drug, Pregnancy, Northern Border, Saudi Arabia

Romidepsin Promotes Osteogenic and Adipocytic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Inhibition of Histondeacetylase Activity

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into mesodermal lineage cells, including adipocytes and osteoblasts. However, the epigenetic mechanisms governing the lineage-specific commitment of BMSCs into adipocytes or osteoblasts are under investigation. Herein, we investigated the epigenetic effect of romidepsin, a small molecule dual inhibitor targeting HDAC1 and HDAC2 identified through an epigenetic library functional screen. BMSCs exposed to romidepsin (5 nM) exhibited enhanced adipocytic and osteoblastic differentiation. Global gene expression and signaling pathway analyses of differentially expressed genes revealed a strong enrichment of genes involved in adipogenesis and osteogenesis in romidepsin-treated BMSCs during induction into adipocytes or osteoblasts, respectively. Pharmacological inhibition of FAK signaling during adipogenesis or inhibition of FAK or TGFβ signaling during osteogenesis diminished the biological effects of romidepsin on BMSCs. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated a significant increase in H3K9Ac epigenetic markers in the promoter regions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and KLF15 (related to adipogenesis) or SP7 (Osterix) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (related to osteogenesis) in romidepsin-treated BMSCs. Our data indicated that romidepsin is a novel in vitro modulator of adipocytic and osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs

Effects of service marketing mix on Umrah customer satisfaction: empirical study on Umrah traveling industry in Malaysia

The objective of this research was to The purpose of this research was to study the customer perception toward marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence, marketing communication and after sale service), and customer satisfaction of Umrah traveling industry in Malaysia”. “A quantitative study was adopted for collecting data. The customers who performed Umrah more than once were on the focus of this study. The necessary data were collected from 384 respondents through a structured questionnaire using a convenience sampling technique”. “Customer perception toward all dimensions service marketing mix have a positive impact on customer satisfaction. The present study enables the understanding of consumer behavioural features, especially in term of customer satisfaction in Umrah services, particularly in Malaysia and the overall Umrah industry”. “The service sector plays a pivotal role in a country’s economy specifically in Malaysia and part of this sector services is the Umrah services, becomes it is important for commercial activities and contributes to the quality of life. In short, it implies that the role of Umrah services is regarded as a basic need of life”. “Thus, it is imperative to fulfil the requirements and expectations of customers in multifarious backgrounds. This study is an initial effort in investigating the satisfaction of Umrah customers in Malaysia, including their contributing factor, name service marketing mix