Penyelesaian Kewarisan Perspektif Hukum Adat di Kecamatan Tapa Kabupaten Bone Bolango Propinsi Gorontalo

This article discusses the settlement of inheritance to the people of Tapa District perspective of customary law. This research is a field study with data collection methods in the form of observations, interviews and documentation. The collected data were processed and analyzed qualitatively. The results show that: First, the settlement of the heirs to the people of Tapa District is divided into three, namely (1) deliberation negotiations between the two parties; (2) mediation by the District; and (3) apply to the Religious Court; Second: the factors of settlement in the Tapa District community, namely cultural and social factors, educational and economic factors

Settlement of Inheritance of Customary Law Perspectives in Tapa District, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province

This article discusses the settlement of inheritance to the people of Tapa District perspective of customary law. This research is a field study with data collection methods in the form of observations, interviews and documentation. The collected data were processed and analyzed qualitatively. The results show that: First, the settlement of the heirs to the people of Tapa District is divided into three, namely (1) deliberation negotiations between the two parties; (2) mediation by the District; and (3) apply to the Religious Court; Second: the factors of settlement in the Tapa District community, namely cultural and social factors, educational and economic factors.Artikel ini membahas penyelesaian kewarisan pada masyarakat Kecamatan Tapa ditinjau dari hukum adat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan dengan metode pengumpulan data berupa pengamatan, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data yang terkumpul diolah dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, penyelesaian kewarisan pada masyarakat Kecamatan Tapa terbagi atas tiga, yaitu (1) musyawarah mufakat antara kedua belah pihak; (2) mediasi oleh pihak Kecamatan; dan (3) mengajukan permohonan ke Pengadilan Agama; Kedua: faktor-faktor penyelesaian kewarisan pada masyarakat Kecamatan Tapa, yaitu faktor  budaya  dan sosial, faktor pendidikan dan faktor ekonomi

Quantitative determination of formaldehyde by spectrophotometry utilizing multivariate Curve resolution alternating least squares

Formaldehyde is a vastly used material in industry. Nowadays, it is proven that formaldehyde is toxic and carcinogenic. Thus providing a reliable method for its quantitative determination is very important. This study proposes a UV-Vis spectrophotometric based method for determination of formaldehyde. The method is based on reaction between the analyte and Fluoral P. Spectral changes during the time were mathematically analyzed using a chemometrics technique, called "multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares" (MCR-ALS). Data processing by this chemometrics technique enhanced the reliability of the UV-Vis spectrophotometry for quantitative analysis of formaldehyde in real samples. KEY WORDS: Formaldehyde, Fluoral P, UV-Visible, Multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares; Quantitative analysis Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2012, 26(2), 299-304.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v26i2.1

Composición química, estabilidad oxidativa y propiedades sensoriales de las mezclas de aceites de semillas de Boerhavia elegana Choisy (alhydwan)/aceite de maní

This study investigated the effects of blending alhydwan seed oil and peanut oil as a way of enhancing the stability and chemical characteristics of plant seed oils and to discover more innovative foods of high nutraceutical value which can be used in other food production systems. Alhydwan seed oil and peanut oil blended at proportions of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 (v/v) were evaluated according to their physi­cochemical properties, including refractive index, relative density, saponification value, peroxide value, iodine value, free fatty acids, oxidative stability index, and tocopherol contents using various standard and published methods. At room temperature, all of the oil blends were in the liquid state. The physicochemical profiles of the blended oils showed significant decreases (p < 0.05) in peroxide value (6.97–6.02 meq O2/kg oil), refractive index at 25 °C (1.462–1.446), free fatty acids (2.29–1.71%), and saponification value (186.44–183.77 mg KOH/g), and increases in iodine value and relative density at 25 °C (98.10–102.89 and 0.89–0.91, respectively), especially with an analhydwan seed oil to peanut oil ratio of 10:90. Among the fatty acids, oleic and linoleic acids were most abundant in the 50:50 and 10:90 alhydwan seed oil to peanut oil blends, respectively. Oxidative stability increased as the proportion of alhydwan oil increased. In terms of tocopherol contents (γ, δ, and α), γ-tocopherol had the highest values across all of the blended proportions, followed by δ-tocopherol. The overall acceptability was good for all blends. The incorporation of alhydwan seed oil into peanut oil resulted in inexpensive, high-quality blended oil that may be useful in health food products and pharmaceuticals without compromising sensory characteristics.Este estudio investigó los efectos de mezclar aceites de semillas de alhidwan y aceites de maní como una forma de mejorar la estabilidad y las características químicas de los aceites de semillas de plantas y descubrir alimentos más innovadores de alto valor nutracéutico que pueden usarse en otros sistemas de producción de alimentos. El aceite de semilla de Alhydwan y el aceite de maní se mezclaron en proporciones: 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 y 50:50 (v/v), respectivamente, y se evaluaron sus propiedades fisicoquímicas, incluido el índice de refracción, densidad, índice de saponificación, índice de peróxido, índice de yodo, ácidos grasos libres, estabilidad oxidativa y contenido de tocoferoles, utilizando métodos estandarizados publicados. A temperatura ambiente, todas las mezclas de aceite estaban en estado líquido. Los perfiles fisicoquímicos de los aceites mezclados mostraron disminuciones significativas (p < 0.05) en el valor de peróxido (6,97–6,02 meqO2/kg de aceite), índice de refracción a 25 °C (1,462–1,446), ácidos grasos libres (2,29–1,71%) e índice de saponificación (186,44–183,77 mg KOH/g), y aumentos en el índice de yodo y la densi­dad relativa a 25 °C (98,10–102,89 y 0,89–0,91, respectivamente), especialmente en una relación de aceite de semilla de analhidwan a aceite de maní de 10:90. Entre los ácidos grasos, los ácidos oleico y linoleico fueron los más abundantes en las mezclas de aceite de semilla de alhydwan/aceite de maní 50:50 y 10:90, respectivamente. La estabilidad oxidativa aumentó a medida que aumentó la proporción de aceite de alhidwan. En términos de contenido de tocoferoles (γ, δ y α), el γ-tocoferol tuvo los valores más altos en todas las proporciones de las mezclas, seguido por el δ-tocoferol. La aceptabilidad general fue buena para todas las mezclas. La incorpora­ción del aceite de semilla de alhydwan al aceite de maní da como resultado mezclas económicas y de alta cali­dad que pueden ser útiles en productos alimenticios saludables y productos farmacéuticos sin comprometer las características sensoriales

Bactericidal efficacy of lithium magnesium silicate hydrosol incorporated with slightly acidic electrolyzed water in disinfection application against <i>Escherichia coli</i>

In food safety implementation, bacterial inactivation is an imperative aspect of hygiene and sanitation. Studies on lithium magnesium silicate (LMS) hydrosol (sol) incorporated with slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) for decontamination of pathogenic bacteria are limited. This present study aimed to investigate the bactericidal efficacy of LMS hydrosol incorporated with SAEW against Escherichia coli. Optimum combination conditions of SAEW, sol concentration, and available chlorine concentration (ACC) were optimized by response surface methodology under the central composite design against the growth of E. coli. The optimum combination conditions of exposure time, sol concentration, and ACC were 9.5 min, 1.7%, and 20.5 ppm, respectively. The results showed that the increase in ACC led to inactivation in the survival of E. coli compared with the control (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the best combination percentage between SAEW and sol ranged from 1.5-1.7%, in which E. coli was reduced by 4.50 log10 CFU/mL at an ACC of 9.94 ppm. When increasing the ACC to 14.84 ppm, E. coli was reduced by 4.51 log10 CFU/mL compared with the initial number of bacteria (8.20 log10 CFU/mL) in the control group. The number of bacteria was undetected after increasing ACC to 19.93, 25.15, and 29.88 ppm at 10 min. This study suggests that LMS sol incorporated with SAEW could potentially be used as an effective sanitizer

Economic valuation of soil and water conservation technologies in northern Ghana

Land degradation resulting largely from the environmentally unsustainable agricultural practices of smallholder farmers is a serious problem in Ghana. It is most serious in northern Ghana, where in spite of past efforts to solve it, persists because farmers' adoption of soil and water conservation technologies has not been encouraging. Farmers' inability to adopt soil and water conservation measures is mainly as a result of constraints resulting from market failures which lead to externalities like degradation. In the presence of externalities, government intervention is justified, and payment for environmental services, whereby incentive payments are made to resource managers, is one such intervention. The current study uses the choice experiment and contingent valuation methods to estimate farmers' WTA for soil and water conservation technologies, specifically soil and stone bunds, and examine the effect of collective action and other factors on farm households' willingness-to-accept. Based on data collected from 305 smallholder farm households in northern Ghana, and using the Bayesian approach, the mixed logit and interval-data probit models were employed to analyze choice experiment and contingent valuation data respectively. Results from both the choice experiment and the contingent valuation methods revealed that farmers like collective action and are prepared to receive less when they act collectively. From the choice experiment, farmers were willing to accept ¢49.40/acre (or ¢125.30/hectare) less in order to act collectively under a compensation scheme for the adoption of SWC technologies. Farmers were willing to accept ¢182.00/acre (¢455.00/hectare) to adopt a SWC technology in order to maintain landscape quality and ¢66.20/acre (¢165.50/hectare) to improve landscape quality. Results from the contingent valuation revealed that farm households would accept from ¢913.46 - 922.08/hectare for stone bund and ¢705.34-714.92/hectare for soil bund. Farmers belonging to farmers' groups were willing to accept from ¢23.55 - 62.54/hectare less than non-group members depending on the technology and type of participation. Willingness of farm households to accept compensation were positively correlated with education, wealth status, farm households with adequate labour supply, the severity of erosion of their farms, and whether the household has already adopted either stone or soil bunds. Age, farm size, and previous participation in soil and water conservation projects are some variables found to be negatively correlated to willingness-to-accept. It is recommended that collective action/contracting be designed into payment schemes to reduce their transaction costs to make them more successful.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Online solid-phase extraction coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrometry for determination of trace amounts of copper (II) ion in water samples

337-341A solid phase extraction-flow injection procedure for online determination of Cu(II) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-AAS) has been reported. The metal ions are retained as Cu(I)-neocuproine complex in a mini-column filled with octadecyl bonded silica (C18) as sorbent material. Quantitative extraction has been obtained at pH 5.0. The retained metal ions are then eluted efficiently with ethanol into the nebulizer of flame atomic absorption spectrometer for on-line determination. Different variables affecting the preconcentration efficiency, including pH, neocuproine concentration, eluent type, sample, eluent flow rates and sample loading time, are optimized. Two minute preconcentration at flow rate of 6 mL min-1 provides the enhancement factor of 100 for Cu(II). The detection limit (3σ) is found to be 0.15 µg L-1for Cu(II), and the relative standard deviation at 5.0 μg L-1 of target metal ions is 1.2% (n=7). The accuracy has been assessed by analysis of certified reference materials CASS-4 and CRM1643d<span style="mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN-GB">, and the obtained results are found in good agreement with certified amounts of Cu(II). The procedure has been applied successfully to Cu(II) ion determination in water samples. </span

Identification of genetic alterations occurring in pre-tcell receptor (TCR)-deficient leukemia

Dissertação de mest., Ciências Biomédicas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Univ. do Algarve, 2011T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a thymocyte malignancy. Although the identification of several genetic alterations in this leukemia has allowed a better understanding of how it develops, more research is required to develop more efficient therapies. The pre-T cell receptor (pre-TCR) complex has been characterized structurally and functionally and is an essential player in T-cell development. However, its contribution to T-cell leukemogenesis remains controversial. Indeed, reports have noticed the importance of the pre-TCR in some mouse models of T-cell leukemia. T-ALL mouse models are useful to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this disease. Regarding the TEL-JAK2 transgenic mouse model, it was found that the absence of the pre-TCR complex from T lymphocytes led to a significant delay in T-ALL onset. A genomic DNA analysis by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) revealed that late-onset pre-TCR-negative leukemias presented more genomic alterations (gains and losses of DNA) than early-onset pre-TCR-positive leukemias, indicating that these alterations can occur and be selected to compensate for the absence of pre-TCR. The goal of this project was to identify genes aberrantly expressed in pre-TCR-negative leukemia. To this end, the copy number of candidate genes were compared between leukemic cells from regular TEL-JAK2 mice and TEL-JAK2 mice without the Rag2 gene, which is essential for the pre-TCR complex formation. The Cdkn2a, Cdkn2b, Myc, Ikaros, Pten, Bcl11b, and Fbxw7 genes, which are localized in genomic regions previously found to be altered in pre-TCR-deficient leukemic cells and/or are involved in cancer, have been analyzed. By performing quantitative PCR (qPCR) we found DNA copy number alterations in TEL-JAK2;Rag2-/- leukemia DNA as compared to regular TEL-JAK2 leukemia DNA in the same genomic regions that showed chromosomal abnormality in aCGH analysis. Further studies need to be performed to better understand the precise role of pre-TCR in T-ALL and the role of compensatory mechanisms occurring in the absence of pre-TCR