PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA PECAHAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME)

The purpose of this research is to improve the ability to solve fraction story problems through Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approaches in Jatinom State Primary School fourth grade students Klaten academic year 2013/2014. This research shaped Classroom Aaction Rresearch. The research process is conducted in two cycles. Every cycle consists of four stages, that is Action planning, The implementation of the action, Observation, and Reflection. Data is collected by using  observation, interview, test, and examine of document. To test the validity of data, researcher used triangulation of data and triangulation of methods. The data is analyzed by using an interactive analysis model, it consists of three component, that are data reduction, display data, and taking the conclucion. Based on result of the research, the percentage of students capability is improved in the first cycle and second cycle. Improved the ability proofed by the average values obtained before action (precycle) is 55.89 with 26.09% classical copletness. In the first cycle the average grade increased to 79.96 with 82.61% classical copletness. In the second cycle the average grade increased to 80.27 with 93.48% classical copletness. It can be concluded that Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approaches can improve the ability of to solve fraction story problems

In vitro and in vivo anti-schistosomal activity of the alkylphospholipid analog edelfosine

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.[Background]: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. Five species of Schistosoma are known to infect humans, out of which S. haematobium is the most prevalent, causing the chronic parasitic disease schistosomiasis that still represents a major problem of public health in many regions of the world and especially in tropical areas, leading to serious manifestations and mortality in developing countries. Since the 1970s, praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for the treatment of schistosomiasis, but concerns about relying on a single drug to treat millions of people, and the potential appearance of drug resistance, make identification of alternative schistosomiasis chemotherapies a high priority. Alkylphospholipid analogs (APLs), together with their prototypic molecule edelfosine (EDLF), are a family of synthetic antineoplastic compounds that show additional pharmacological actions, including antiparasitic activities against several protozoan parasites. [Methodology/Principal Findings]: We found APLs ranked edelfosine> perifosine> erucylphosphocholine> miltefosine for their in vitro schistosomicidal activity against adult S. mansoni worms. Edelfosine accumulated mainly in the worm tegument, and led to tegumental alterations, membrane permeabilization, motility impairment, blockade of male-female pairing as well as induction of apoptosis-like processes in cells in the close vicinity to the tegument. Edelfosine oral treatment also showed in vivo schistosomicidal activity and decreased significantly the egg burden in the liver, a key event in schistosomiasis. [Conclusions/Significance]: Our data show that edelfosine is the most potent APL in killing S. mansoni adult worms in vitro. Edelfosine schistosomicidal activity seems to depend on its action on the tegumental structure, leading to tegumental damage, membrane permeabilization and apoptosis-like cell death. Oral administration of edelfosine diminished worm and egg burdens in S. mansoni -infected CD1 mice. Here we report that edelfosine showed promising antischistosomal properties in vitro and in vivo.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF2011-30518, and RD12/0036/0065 from Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, cofunded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional of the European Union), European Community's Seventh Framework Programme FP7-2007-2013 (grant HEALTH-F2-2011-256986, PANACREAS), Junta de Castilla y León (CSI052A11-2and SA342U13), Sociedad Española de Medicina Tropical y Salud Internacional (RFEF-SEMTSI 2013) and the Universidad de Salamanca (USAL17008).Peer Reviewe

In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Schistosomal Activity of the Alkylphospholipid Analog Edelfosine

BACKGROUND: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. Five species of Schistosoma are known to infect humans, out of which S. haematobium is the most prevalent, causing the chronic parasitic disease schistosomiasis that still represents a major problem of public health in many regions of the world and especially in tropical areas, leading to serious manifestations and mortality in developing countries. Since the 1970s, praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for the treatment of schistosomiasis, but concerns about relying on a single drug to treat millions of people, and the potential appearance of drug resistance, make identification of alternative schistosomiasis chemotherapies a high priority. Alkylphospholipid analogs (APLs), together with their prototypic molecule edelfosine (EDLF), are a family of synthetic antineoplastic compounds that show additional pharmacological actions, including antiparasitic activities against several protozoan parasites. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We found APLs ranked edelfosine> perifosine> erucylphosphocholine> miltefosine for their in vitro schistosomicidal activity against adult S. mansoni worms. Edelfosine accumulated mainly in the worm tegument, and led to tegumental alterations, membrane permeabilization, motility impairment, blockade of male-female pairing as well as induction of apoptosis-like processes in cells in the close vicinity to the tegument. Edelfosine oral treatment also showed in vivo schistosomicidal activity and decreased significantly the egg burden in the liver, a key event in schistosomiasis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data show that edelfosine is the most potent APL in killing S. mansoni adult worms in vitro. Edelfosine schistosomicidal activity seems to depend on its action on the tegumental structure, leading to tegumental damage, membrane permeabilization and apoptosis-like cell death. Oral administration of edelfosine diminished worm and egg burdens in S. mansoni-infected CD1 mice. Here we report that edelfosine showed promising antischistosomal properties in vitro and in vivo

Chandra Spectral Measurements Of The O Supergiant ζ Puppis Indicate A Surprising Increase In The Wind Mass-Loss Rate Over 18 Yr

New long Chandra grating observations of the O supergiant ζ Pup show not only a brightening of the X-ray emission line flux of 13 per cent in the 18 yr since Chandra’s first observing cycle, but also clear evidence – at more than 4σ significance – of increased wind absorption signatures in its Doppler-broadened line profiles. We demonstrate this with non-parametric analysis of the profiles as well as Gaussian fitting and then use line-profile model fitting to derive a mass-loss rate of 2.47 ± 0.09 × 10−6[Math Processing Error]⁠, which is a 40 per cent increase over the value obtained from the cycle 1 data. The increase in the individual emission line fluxes is greater for short-wavelength lines than long-wavelength lines, as would be expected if a uniform increase in line emission is accompanied by an increase in the wavelength-dependent absorption by the cold wind in which the shock-heated plasma is embedded

Paragangliome non secrétant de l’organe de Zuckerkandl

Le Phéochromocytome extra-surrénalien ou paragangliome est une tumeur rare. Il dérive de la crête neurale du système neuroendocrinien et il est souvent sécrétant. La plupart de ces tumeurs sont situées dans les ganglions sympathiques abdominaux, y compris l'organe de Zuckerkandl adjacent à la bifurcation de l'aorte abdominale. Les Formes non fonctionnelles sont rares: moins de 50 cas sont rapportés dans la littérature. Nous rapportons le cas d'un paragangliome non sécrétant de l'organe de Zuckerkandl opéré au sein de notre service d'urologie ainsi qu'une revue de la littérature afin de discuter les différents aspects diagnostiques et thérapeutiques de cette entité  tumorale rare

Cystadénome Papillaire de L’épididyme: Un Nouveau Cas

Le cystadénome papillaire de l’épididyme est une tumeur paratesticulaire bénigne rare. Se présentant comme une masse épididymaire uni ou bilatérale. Son association avec le syndrome de Von Hippel-Lindau est fréquente, en particulier dans les lésions bilatérales. Nous rapportons l’observation d’un patient âgé de 36 ans, qui présentait depuis un an des douleurs scrotales gauches, une grosse bourse chronique, sans fièvre ni signes fonctionnels urinaires. L’examen avait mis en évidence une masse testiculaire dure, irrégulière et indolore sans adénopathies inguinales ni masse abdominale. L’échographie scrotale avait montré une masse testiculaire gauche solide hypoéchogène bien limitée de 3 x 2,5 x 2,2 cm. Les marqueurs tumoraux étaient normaux (ßHCG : 2 UI/j, AlphaFoetoProteine : 2,94 UI/l). La masse testiculaire a été explorée à travers une incision inguinale gauche. A la palpation, c’était une tumeur testiculaire dure. Une orchidectomie gauche a été réalisée. L’examen anatomopathologique de la pièce d’exérèse avait conclu à un aspect morphologique et immunohistochimique d’un cystadénome papillaire séreux borderline paratesticulaire sans signe d’invasion. A travers notre observation et les données de la littérature, nous proposons de mieux définir le diagnostic clinique et anatomopathologique ainsi que le traitement de ces tumeurs testiculaires rares.Mots clés : épididyme, cystadénome papillaire

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAAN MEMBACA MENULIS PERMULAAN MELALUI MEDIA REALIA

Abstract : The purpose of this research is to improve the telling story skill through picture medium of the third grade students of SD Negeri Karangwaru I Plupuh Sragen on the academic year of 2012/2013. The model of the research is classroom action research having two cycles. Each cycle consist of four steps, they are planning, action, observation and reflection. Moreover the study is carried out with the third grade students of SD Negeri Karangwaru I Plupuh Sragen consisting of 16 students as its research subject. She also uses observation, documentation, and presentation test. Its data validity is data triangulation and method one. The writer applies interactive analysis model as her data analysis technique including three components, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclution or verivication.Abstrak : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan bercerita dengan menggunakan media gambar pada siswa kelas II SD Negeri Karangwaru I Plupuh Sragen tahun ajaran 2012/2013. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas sebanyak 2 siklus. Tiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Sebagai subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas II SD Negeri Karangwaru I Plupuh Sragen yang berjumlah 25 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data di gunakan adalah observasi, dokumentasi, dan tes unjuk kerja. Validitas data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi data dan triangulasi metode. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah model analisis interaktif yang mempunyai tiga buah komponen yaitu reduksi data, sajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media realia dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar membaca menulis siswa kelas II SD Negeri Karangwaru I Plupuh.Kata Kunci : Ketrampilan yang mendasar membaca dan menuli

UPAYA PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERCERITA MELALUI MEDIA GAMBAR

Abstract : The purpose of this research is to improve the story telling skill through picture medium of the third grade students of SD Negeri Baleharjo 3 Sukodono Sragen on the academic year of 2012/2013. The model of the research is classroom action research having two cycles. Each cycle consist of four steps, they are planning, ac-tion, observation and reflection. Moreover the study is carried out with the third grade students of SD Negeri Baleharjo 3 Sukodono Sragen consisting of 16 students as its research subject. She also uses observation, docu-mentation, and presentation test. Its data validity is data triangulation and method one. The writer applies interac-tive analysis model as her data analysis technique including three components, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclution or verivication.Abstrak : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk dengan pada siswa kelas III SD Negeri Baleharjo 3 Sukodono Sra-gen tahun ajaran 2012/2013. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas sebanyak 2 siklus. Tiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Sebagai subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas III SD Negeri Baleharjo 3 Sukodono Sragen yang berjumlah 16 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data di gunakan adalah observasi, dokumentasi, dan tes unjuk kerja. Validitas data yang digunakan adalah trian-gulasi data dan triangulasi metode. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah model analisis interaktif yang mempunyai tiga buah komponen yaitu reduksi data, sajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan media gambar meningkatkan ketrampilan dalam berceritaKata Kunci : Media Gambar Meningkatkan, Keterampilan Bercerit