Analisi delle prestazioni energetiche e strutturali di un edificio per appartamenti a Greve in Chianti (FI)

Nella presente Tesi è stato affrontato il tema dell’analisi delle prestazioni energetiche e strutturali di un edificio di cui era noto il progetto architettonico. Si tratta di un edificio per 8 appartamenti, la cui realizzazione rientra nel progetto “20.000 abitazioni in affitto”, promosso dall’Amm.ne Comunale di Greve in Chianti (FI). E’ stato affrontato in particolare il tema del contenimento dei consumi energetici per il raffrescamento estivo, dopo aver analizzato e rielaborato, alla luce delle più recenti normative (D.Lgs 192/2005 e 311/06), gli studi effettuati nell’ambito di una precedente Tesi di Laurea sullo stesso edificio per quanto riguarda il riscaldamento invernale. Sono stati poi successivamente studiati i problemi relativi alla sicurezza dell’edificio nei confronti delle azioni sismiche, tramite l’analisi e il progetto della struttura portante del fabbricato, secondo l’OPCM n. 3274 del 20 Marzo 2003 e il D.M. 9/01/96 . In Italia la richiesta di un sempre maggiore livello di comfort nelle abitazioni durante la stagione estiva ha determinato, negli ultimi anni, un sensibile aumento nelle vendite di impianti di condizionamento e sistemi split. Come conseguenza di ciò sono notevolmente aumentati i consumi elettrici: nell’estate 2001 il picco di potenza estivo ha eguagliato il picco di potenza invernale; il 20 Luglio 2007, la potenza di picco assorbita dalla rete ha raggiunto i 56.520 MW, record storico assoluto dei consumi elettrici, superiore di 1000 MW al picco di potenza registrato il 27 Giugno 2006. E’ stata effettuata l’analisi dell’involucro dell’edificio in esame, verificando i parametri previsti dalle normative vigenti e studiando nello specifico il suo comportamento estivo. In particolare è stato affrontato lo studio della determinazione della temperatura interna dell’aria dell’edificio in assenza di impianto di condizionamento, secondo le recenti norme UNI EN ISO 13791:2005 e 13792:2005. I risultati ottenuti da tale analisi hanno mostrato che in un edificio con un comportamento termico invernale virtuoso, i parametri che più influiscono sul raggiungimento di condizioni confortevoli estive, che possono ridurre gli interventi dell’impianto di climatizzazione, riguardano sia la progettazione dell’involucro (di competenza dei progettisti) sia le modalità di utilizzo dell’edificio (di competenza dell’utenza).Un involucro ben progettato può far ridurre fino a circa 4°C la temperatura interna estiva, mentre il suo corretto utilizzo da parte dei fruitori (per quanto riguarda l’oscuramento delle aperture e le modalità di ventilazione) fino a circa 14°C. Da qui la necessità di affiancare alle prescrizioni progettuali degli edifici una sorta di ‘manuale di corretto utilizzo’ rivolto agli utenti, per poter ottimizzare la risposta termica dell’edificio stesso, minimizzando i consumi in ogni periodo dell’anno. E’ stata poi effettuata la progettazione della struttura portante del fabbricato, in cemento armato, e lo studio della sua risposta sismica , condotto secondo l’OPCM n. 3274 del 20 Marzo 2003 e il D.M. 9/01/96 . La struttura è stata dimensionata in classe di duttilità “B” (scelta necessaria per la presenza di travi a spessore) e il metodo di calcolo utilizzato è stato l’analisi modale associata allo spettro di risposta di progetto, valutato in relazione alla zona sismica considerata, alle caratteristiche del sito ed adottando un fattore di struttura q =3,2. L’analisi delle sollecitazioni, il dimensionamento e la progettazione degli elementi strutturali e la loro verifica secondo il Metodo agli Stati Limite, hanno portato ad un ipotesi di progetto strutturale in grado di assicurare la sicurezza dell’edificio nei confronti delle azioni sismiche, come definite dalle Normative di riferimento

Focusing and orienting spatial attention differently modulate crowding in central and peripheral vision

The allocation of attentional resources to a particular location or object in space involves two distinct processes: an orienting process and a focusing process. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that performance of different visual tasks can be improved when a cue, such as a dot, anticipates the position of the target (orienting), or when its dimensions (as in the case of a small square) inform about the size of the attentional window (focusing). Here, we examine the role of these two components of visuo-spatial attention (orienting and focusing) in modulating crowding in peripheral (Experiment 1 and Experiment 3a) and foveal (Experiment 2 and Experiment 3b) vision. The task required to discriminate the orientation of a target letter "T,'' close to acuity threshold, presented with left and right "H'' flankers, as a function of target-flanker distance. Three cue types have been used: a red dot, a small square, and a big square. In peripheral vision (Experiment 1 and Experiment 3a), we found a significant improvement with the red dot and no advantage when a small square was used as a cue. In central vision (Experiment 2 and Experiment 3b), only the small square significantly improved participants' performance, reducing the critical distance needed to recover target identification. Taken together, the results indicate a behavioral dissociation of orienting and focusing attention in their capability of modulating crowding. In particular, we confirmed that orientation of attention can modulate crowding in visual periphery, while we found that focal attention can modulate foveal crowdin

Studi Kasus Bahasa Lisan Anak Terlambat Bicara di Media Youtube

Bahasa merupakan salah satu keterampilan utama yang membedakan manusia dengan makhluk lain di Bumi. Kemampuan  berkomunikasi secara lisan memegang peranan penting dalam perkembangan sosial, kognitif, dan emosional seseorang. Artikel ini mengkaji studi kasus bahasa lisan anak terlambat bicara, dengan fokus pada perkembangan bahasa lisan di media Youtube. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk menyajikan studi kasus mendalam tentang anak-anak yang mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan bahasa lisan. Metode  yang digunakan  dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif tipe studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, terlihat jelas bahwa gangguan pendengaran menjadi  penyebab utama keterlambatan bahasa pada anak. Gangguan ini menghalangi anak-anak untuk memahami dan meniru suara lingkungan, yang penting untuk perkembangan bahasa lisan yang baik. Tanpa deteksi dini dan intervensi yang tepat, anak-anak dengan gangguan pendengaran mungkin tidak dapat mengembangkan kosa kata, memahami tata bahasa, atau mengungkapkan pikiran mereka dengan jelas melalui kata-kata. Dengan memahami berbagai faktor yang mendasari keterlambatan bahasa, orang tua dan profesional kesehatan dapat bekerja sama untuk memberikan dukungan yang komprehensif dan tepat untuk membantu anak mencapai potensi maksimal dalam keterampilan komunikasi

Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3) di PT. Kimia Farma Plant Jakarta

ABSTRAK PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH BAHAN BERBAHAYA DAN BERACUN (B3) DI PT. KIMIA FARMA PLANT JAKARTA Rahma Daini1, Siti Utari2, Dian Nugroho3 Latar Belakang : Setiap kegiatan produksi pasti menghasilkan limbah, salah satu limbah yang dihasilkan adalah limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran penerapan pengelolaan limbah B3 di PT. Kimia Farma Plant Jakarta yang sesuai dengan peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. Metode : Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan cara memberikan deskripsi/gambaran mengenai pengelolaan limbah B3 di PT. Kimia Farma yang dilakukan melalui observasi langsung ke lapangan, wawancara, dan studi kepustakaan. Data yang diperoleh dibandingkan dengan peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. Hasil : PT. Kimia Farma Plant Jakarta telah melakukan pengelolaan limbah B3 yang meliputi identifikasi limbah B3, perizinan limbah B3 dan pengelolaan limbah B3 yang meliputi: pengemasan dan pengumpulan, penyimpanan sementara, pelabelan dan simbol, pengangkutan limbah B3 oleh pihak ketiga, rekapitulasi data/pencatatan jenis dan volume limbah B3, serta reporting/pelaporan limbah B3. Simpulan : Identifikasi limbah B3 telah sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku. Untuk perizinan pengelolaan limbah B3, petugas pengelola limbah B3 belum dibekali training tentang pengelolaan limbah B3. PT. Kimia Farma Plant Jakarta telah menerapkan pengelolaan limbah B3, tetapi belum menyusun prosedur khusus untuk tiap tahapan mengenai penyimpanan sementara limbah B3 dan penerapan housekeeping yang masih diperlukan evaluasi. Kata Kunci : Pengelolaan Limbah B3 1. Program Studi Diploma III Hiperkes dan Keselamatan Kerja, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. 2. Dosen Program Studi Diploma III Hiperkes dan Keselamatan Kerja, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. 3. Dosen Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

Dissociation in optokinetic stimulation sensitivity between omission and substitution reading errors in neglect dyslexia

Although omission and substitution errors in neglect dyslexia (ND) patients have always been considered as different manifestations of the same acquired reading disorder, recently, we proposed a new dual mechanism model. While omissions are related to the exploratory disorder which characterizes unilateral spatial neglect (USN), substitutions are due to a perceptual integration mechanism. A consequence of this hypothesis is that spe- cific training for omission-type ND patients would aim at restoring the oculo-motor scanning and should not improve reading in substitution-type ND. With this aim we administered an optokinetic stimulation (OKS) to two brain-damaged patients with both USN and ND, MA and EP, who showed ND mainly characterized by omissions and substitutions, respectively. MA also showed an impairment in oculo-motor behavior with a non-reading task, while EP did not. The two patients presented a dissociation with respect to their sensitivity to OKS, so that, as expected, MA was positively affected, while EP was not. Our results confirm a dissociation between the two mechanisms underlying omission and substitution reading errors in ND patients. Moreover, they suggest that such a dissociation could possibly be extended to the effectiveness of rehabilitative procedures, and that patients who mainly omit contralesional-sided letters would benefit from OKS

PENGARUH KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR PPKn SISWA KELAS XI DI SMA NEGERI 17 SURABAYA

Abstrak Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap prestasi belajar PPKn pada siswa kelas XI di SMA Negeri 17 Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode ex post facto, dengan lokasi penelitian di SMA Negeri 17 Surabaya. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI yang berjumlah 305 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan tiga analisis yakni analisis korelasi, analisis regresi, dan koefisien determinasi. Analisis korelasi antara kecerdasan emosional dengan prestasi belajar PPKn menghasilkan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,063 yang berarti kedua variabel memiliki pola hubungan yang kurang berarti. Analisis regresi menghasilkan persamaan yaitu Y = 90,296–0,016x. Persamaan tersebut berarti bahwa kecerdasan emosional memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap prestasi belajar sehingga apabila kecerdasan emosional siswa meningkat maka prestasi belajar akan menurun. Koefisien determinasi menunjukkan nilai 0,004 yang berarti sumbangan relatif yang diberikan variabel kecerdasan emosional (X) terhadap prestasi belajar PPKn (Y) adalah sebesar 0,4%. Pengujian hipotesis pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji t dan menghasilkan nilai thitung sebesar -0,391 dengan taraf signifikansi 95% (0,05). Kesimpulan dari pengujian tersebut yaitu diterimanya Ho dan ditolaknya Ha karena thitung < ttabel yaitu -0,391<2,021, sehingga kecerdasan emosional tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar PPKn. Kata kunci: kecerdasan emosional, prestasi belajar.   Abstract This research aims to analyze the influence of emotional intelligence on the civics learning achievement in class XI at SMA Negeri 17 Surabaya. This research used quantitative approach to the ex post facto method, with research site in SMA Negeri 17 Surabaya. The populations in this research were all students of class XI totaling 305 people. This research used questionnaire and documentation to collect data. This research resulted in three analyzes the correlation analysis, regression analysis, and the coefficient of determination. Analysis of the correlation between emotional intelligence and academic achievement to produce a correlation value of 0,063 which means that both variables have a pattern of relationships which are less meaningful. The regression analysis yields equation is Y = 90,296–0,016x. The equation means that emotional intelligence has a negative effect on learning achievement so that when the emotional intelligence of students increased, the learning achievement will decline. The coefficient of determination shows that the value of 0.004 means that given the relative contribution of emotional intelligence variable (X) to the learning achievement (Y) is approximately 0.4%. Testing the hypothesis in this study using the t test and produce value tcount –0,391 with 95% significance level (0,05). The conclusion of these tests is acceptance Ho and rejection Ha, because tcount < ttable namely                     -0,391<2,021, so that emotional intelligence has no significant effect on civics achievement. Keywords: emotional intelligence, learning achievement

Quinolones Resistance And R-Plasmids Of Clinical Isolates Of Pseudomonas Species

Background: There has been reported incidence in the emergence of Quinolones resistance in clinical isolates in Nigeria and the level in resistance has been on the increase. Objective: To determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and plasmids profiles of 67 clinical Pseudomonas species from a teaching hospital and diagnostic laboratory in Nigeria. Materials and methods: The Pseudomonas species were identified and confirmed by standard procedures. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined by Agar Disk Diffusion method. Plasmids DNA was isolated, separated and stained as previously described. Results: 30 of these clinical isolates were found to be resistant to 6 quinolones antibiotics with ciprofloxacin being the highest [52.24%] and norfloxacin [38.81%] the lowest. All the strains that were resistant to any antimicrobial agents were also resistant to ciprofloxacin. A total of 54 plasmids ranging in molecular sizes from 3.55kb to 19.95kb were extracted from the resistant strains and grouped into 5 plasmid profiles. Transformation experiment revealed that 66.67% of the resistant strains carried a common R plasmid of size 15.85kb. Plasmid mediated resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were found. Conclusion: The results highlighted diverse plasmids profile and wide spread antimicrobial resistance patterns of some clinical Pseudomonas species from Nigeria. Keywords: Quinolones, R-plasmids, Pseudomonas.Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 3 (2) 2008: pp. 139-14