Adult education in India from a subaltern perspective

The educational experiences and educational attainments of women are affected by the intersectionality of gender, class, caste, religion, age, language and geographical location. In India, the women from marginalised groups such as scheduled tribes, lower castes and Muslim minorities have the highest levels of adult illiteracy, unemployment and poverty. I take an interdisciplinary approach drawing on postcolonial theory, education, sociology, development studies and gender studies to develop an analysis of certain adult education and women’s empowerment programmes in India and their understanding of literacy, inclusion, empowerment, identities, development and social change. Different socio-cultural fields intersect and affect the world of adult education practices, and a broader understanding of adult learning is required to address the needs of gendered adult learners.peer-reviewe

Emamectin benzoate: Potential larvicide and antifeedant agent against cotton Boll worm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Helicoverpa armigera, a global polyphagous pest, attacks a wide variety of crops causing huge agricultural loss. Overuse of conventional insecticides for Helicoverpa control has made Helicoverpa resistant to insecticides leading to more severe attacks on crops diverting interest of researchers to explore alternate control agents. Present study investigates the cidal and antifeedant potential of Emamectin benzoate; a semi-synthetic avermectin derived from the soil actinomycetes, Streptomyces avermitilis; against early IV instars of H. armigera. Larvae were fed on the castor leaf discs (3.5 cm diameter) dipped in different concentrations of Emamectin benzoate; ranging from 0.05 µg/mL-1.5 µg/mL. The leaf disc areas were measured pre-and post-larval feeding to estimate the antifeedant potential of compound. The effect of feeding was also assessed on the survival of larvae by scoring the larval mortality till 96 h. Our investigations showed significant larvicidal potential of Emamectin benzoate against H. armigera revealing respective LC50 values of 0.26 µg/mL, 0.095 µg/mL, 0.043 µg/mL and 0.027 µg/mL after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h feeding. Furthermore, a remarkable decrease of 93.59% was observed in larval feeding potential indicating significant antifeedant efficacy of Emamectin benzoate. A strong correlation between antifeedant index and the Emamectin benzoate concentration resulted in 1.48-fold index reduction with a decrease in concentration. Our results demonstrated efficacy of Emamectin benzoate as an effectual larvicidal and antifeedant agent against H. armigera. Employing selective insecticide can tackle issues of pest resistance and pest resurgence after ascertaining in the fields as Helicoverpa control agent and negating impact on non-target organisms.&nbsp

Analysis of Technical Efficiency in Mustard Production in Different Agro-Climatic Zones of Haryana and Punjab

This paper help in analyzing Technical Efficiencies (TE), in different agricultural production stages for growing mustard, adopted by the farmers of Punjab &Haryana in smallholding farming communities following the fast-track agricultural reform of the year 2014 with a view of highlighting key entry points for policy in the context of “Doubling of Farmers Income”. Using a randomly selected sample of 350 smallholder mustard producers in the districts of south western Punjab and north western Haryana, a stochastic frontier production model was applied, using a linear Cobb–Douglas production function to determine the production elasticity coefficients of inputs, technical efficiency and the determinants of efficiency. The TE can be proved immensely helpful to avoid the situation of indebtedness, low yield and farmer’s suicides in other Indian states. The study finds that mustard output responds positively to the increases in inorganic fertilizers, seed quantity, the use of labour and the area planted. The analysis for mustard growers depict 90 per cent of farmers in the study area, are technically efficient between 70 and 85 per cent, with an average of 77 per cent. The crucial factors of technical efficiency were the gender of head, size of family and frequency of extension services and visits, size of farm and the farming region. This paper represents a case study of south western Punjab and western Haryana to conclude the advanced middle stage farmers of both the state transforming the income generation from agricultural production by making possible use of efficient technology in production for High Yield Varieties (HYV) of mustard.JEL Codes: O21, O33, Q12, Q1

Clinical concentrations of peroxidases cause dysbiosis in invitro oral biofilms

Background and Objective: Little is known about the initiation of dysbiosis in oral biofilms, a topic of prime importance for understanding the etiology of, and preventing, periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of crevicular and salivary peroxidase and catalase on dysbiosis in multispecies biofilms in vitro. Material and Methods: The spotting technique was used to identify the effect of different concentrations of myeloperoxidase, lactoperoxidase, erythrocyte catalase, and horseradish peroxidase in salivary and crevicular fluid on the inhibitory effect of commensals on pathobiont growth. Vitality-quantitative real-time PCR was performed to quantify the dysbiotic effect of the peroxidases (adjusted to concentrations found in periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis) on multispecies microbial communities. Results: Agar plate and multispecies ecology experiments showed that production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by commensal bacteria decreases pathobiont growth and colonization. Peroxidases at concentrations found in crevicular fluid and saliva neutralized this inhibitory effect. In multispecies communities, myeloperoxidase, at the crevicular fluid concentrations found in periodontitis, resulted in a 1-3 Log increase in pathobionts when compared with the crevicular fluid concentrations found in periodontal health. The effect of salivary lactoperoxidase and salivary myeloperoxidase concentrations was, in general, similar to the effect of crevicular myeloperoxidase concentrations. Conclusions: Commensal species suppress pathobionts by producing H2O2. Catalase and peroxidases, at clinically relevant concentrations, can neutralize this effect and thereby can contribute to dysbiosis by allowing the outgrowth of pathobionts

Role of RFID Technology in Engineering Applications

This paper provides an extensive overview of Radio Frequency Identification technology (RFID) and its applications across different industries, rather than focusing on recent developments alone. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of RFID, proficiency in various engineering fields is necessary to fully comprehend this technology. As the use of RFID continues to expand in various industries, it is imperative to educate engineers and professionals to better understand this technology. An RFID system typically consists of tags, readers, antennae, and software, and various factors such as reading range, frequency range, and environmental considerations must be taken into account when designing such a system. Security must also be a key consideration in the development of an RFID system. To incorporate RFID technology into traditional engineering curricula, this study proposes emphasizing its connection to traditional fields such as electrical, computer, and artificial engineering

Holiness in the Poetries of Philip Larkin

Philip Arthur Larkin 9 August 1922 2 December 1985 is widely regarded as one of the great English poets of the latter half of the twentieth century His first book of poetry The North Ship was published in 1945 followed by two novels Jill 1946 and A Girl in Winter 1947 but he came to prominence in 1955 with the publication of his second collection of poems The Less Deceived followed by The Whitsun Weddings 1964 and High Windows 1974 He contributed to The Daily Telegraph as its jazz critic from 1961 to 1971 articles gathered together in All What Jazz A Record Diary 1961 71 1985 book cover above and he edited The Oxford Book of Twentieth Century English Verse 1973 He was the recipient of many honors including the Queen s Gold Medal for Poetry He was offered but declined the position of poet laureate in 1984 following the death of John Betjema

The Unmet Family Planning Needs: Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program

Introduction: Family planning is a method of thinking and a life style which is chosen voluntarily and according to the attitudes and responsible determination of the couples in order to promote hygiene and convenience of the family. A pre-experimental study was done on existing knowledge deficit regarding use of family planning methods among the women of eligible couples in selected Community Health Centre, Sunder Nagri under St. Stephen’s Hospital, Delhi, with objectives to assess the knowledge of women of eligible couples regarding the use of family planning methods, to plan and implement appropriate interventions to solve and reduce the problem, to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program and amount of knowledge gained after the intervention and to motivate the women of eligible couples to adopt small family norms. A semi-structured questionnaire tool was developed with the help of experts. The data collection tool selected for study was a structured interview schedule. The study was done on 30 women of reproductive age group, and purposive sampling method was used. Pre-test post-test was done. The study findings revealed that women in areas of Sunder Nagri had incomplete knowledge about the concept of family planning. The results showed that the concept of family planning was not well understood by women as only 33.3% women were aware of how much time gap is required for abortion, 56.6% were aware of time period of starting of oral contraceptive after lactation, only 26.6% were familiar with emergency contraceptive pills, 36.6% had knowledge on maximum durability CuT availability, only 16.6% were having clear concept on male sterilization; others were having myths, 40% were aware of side effects of CuT, 40% were aware of method of protection against STDs, 30% were aware of starting of oral pills on which day of cycle, 16.6% were knowing about administration of emergency contraceptive within 72 hours, 33.3% were aware about CuT replacement duration, 53.3% had knowledge on how to check CuT in place or not, 56.6% were aware of tubectomy, only 6.6% were aware of LAC in contraception, 46.6% knew about ideal gap which should be kept between two children, only 16.6% were aware of time taken for effectiveness after vasectomy, very few had misconception about contraceptive pills. The analysis was done using SPSS version 21 and T-test showed that there was an increase in knowledge of women after conducting the health teaching program, as the p-value was less than 0.005 level of significanc

Honeypots: Virtual Network Intrusion Monitoring System

In the past several years there has been extensive research into honeypot technologies, primarily for detection and information gathering against external threats. However, little research has been done for one of the most dangerous threats, the advance insider and the trusted individual who knows your internal organization. These individuals are not after your systems, they are after your information. This paper discusses how honeypot technologies can be used to detect, identify, and gather information on these specific threats. &nbsp

Histopathological spectrum of sinonasal lesions

Background: A variety of non- neoplastic and neoplastic conditions involve the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Non-neoplastic conditions comprise bulk of these lesions and some of them clinically mimic neoplastic conditions. This study was conducted to analyse the histopathologic spectrum of sinonasal lesions. Methods: A total of 57 cases of sinonasal mass lesions received in department of pathology, world college of medical sciences and research hospital were evaluated. Patient details were obtained from histopathology forms and register. Histopathological examination was carried out according to standard protocol. Percentages and simple frequency tables were used for analysis. Results: Majority of the lesions were found in the nasal cavity (n=45) followed by paranasal sinus (n=12). Non-neoplastic (46 cases) lesions outnumbered neoplastic lesions (11 cases). Infective sinusitis (n=25) was the most common non-neoplastic lesion encountered. Among neoplastic, 6 lesions were benign and 5 were malignant. Conclusions: Nonneoplastic lesions are more common than neoplastic lesions. Clinical and radiological features may be overlapping, hence histopathological examination is essential for final diagnosis and further management