Digitalization in Ukraine’s economy in the context of world digitization

The world has entered the era of the fourth industrial revolution – a period in which digitalization plays perhaps the most significant role for production, and innovative technologies such as virtual reality, internet of things, artificial intelligence and robotics are fundamentally changing the way people work and the way they live. The backbone of modern society is a rapidly growing network of electronic knowledge and tools that includes manufacturers, suppliers, sellers, buyers and users of information in electronic form. The information sphere of the state directs its economic and innovative potential, and thus significantly affects other spheres, such as competitiveness in the international arena and the quality of citizens’ life. Today Ukraine is at a unique stage of development when there is a chance to make the so-called “digital leap” in key spheres of the economy. That is, to quickly move to a new stage of development in these spheres, bypassing intermediate stages, and starting to use modern systems at once, bypassing several generations of technologies. The percent of the digital economy in Ukraine is gradually steadily increasing, but the pace of its development is still low. In order to keep up with the world's leading economies forever, it is necessary to begin large-scale digitization of all industries as soon as possible, investing as much as possible in the development of digital infrastructures, innovations and modern technologies. Moreover, the country has potential, especially in the IT sphere, where Ukraine's position is quite good. Technologically, Ukraine is still in the last century because the state has very low domestic demand for technology. The actual tasks for Ukraine in this sphere, on the one hand, are the implementation of its own digital potential, and on the other, the implementation of relevant EU documents and projects into national legislation. In addition, it is important to develop the spheres of science and education, without which it is impossible to count on progress in the development of the information society and the knowledge economy. Every year, technologies go forward, new trends are gaining momentum, affecting all the schemes by which people do business in the digital world. And in order to stay ahead of the competition or even just to “stay in the game”, you need to learn to work with new tools, track trends and be flexible enough to adapt to these changes

Виробництво екологічно чистої продукції та розвиток зеленого туризму в Україні

The article analyzes the possibilities of business diversification by manufacturers of environmentally friendly products in the direction of providing recreational services. The main obstacle to the successful management of organic farms is the ineffectiveness of the market infrastructure of the product under investigation, low solvency of consumers, as well as the consequence of insignificant demand, insignificant integration into the market of the European Union and other external markets. One of the ways to improve the current situation, the impetus for development, may be the expansion of activities. Recreational services can be a profitable addition to the existing profile of activity. Relatively small investments will contribute to the growth of cash flow into entrepreneurship, the creation of new jobs, and the improvement of the social situation of rural residents in connection with the emergence of the possibility of more efficient use of its housing stock, increased sales of agricultural products. The development of green tourism in Ukraine can be an effective way to restore physical performance and psycho-emotional state, as the inhabitants of cities will be able to get a healthy holiday at affordable prices. The article describes the requirements to be met by potential farms that provide recreational services in ecotourism. After all, an equally important consequence of the development of agroecotourism is the preservation in the long run of the state of natural resources, since this type of activity should not lead to negative consequences for the environment and be associated with environmentally friendly products.Проаналізовано можливості диверсифікації бізнесу виробниками екологічно чистої продукції в напрямку надання рекреаційних послуг. Основною перепоною успішного господарювання органічних господарств є не ефективність інфраструктури ринку досліджуваного продукту, низька платоспроможність споживачів і, як наслідок, незначний попит, незначна інтегрованість в ринок Європейського Союзу та інші зовнішні ринки. Одним із шляхів поліпшення цієї ситуації, поштовхом для розвитку може бути розширення видів діяльності. Рекреаційні послуги можуть бути прибутковим доповненням для існуючого профілю діяльності. Порівняно незначні інвестиції сприятимуть зростанню надходження грошових потоків у підприємство, створенню нових робочих місць, поліпшенню соціального становища мешканців сільської місцевості у зв’язку з появою можливості ефективніше використовувати свій житловий фонд, реалізовувати вироблену сільськогосподарську продукцію. Розвиток зеленого туризму в Україні може стати ефективним способом відновлення фізичної працездатності та психоемоційного стану, адже мешканці міст матимуть змогу отримати здоровий відпочинок за доступними цінами. В статті описано вимоги, яких повинні дотримуватись потенційні господарства, що надаватимуть рекреаційні послуги з екотуризму. Адже не менш важливим наслідком розвитку агроекотуризму є збереження у довгостроковій перспективі стану природних ресурсів, оскільки цей вид діяльності не повинен призводити до негативних наслідків для навколишнього середовища, і бути пов’язаним із екологічно чистою продукцією

Mouse hypothalamic GT1-7 cells demonstrate AMPK-dependent intrinsic glucose-sensing behaviour.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Hypothalamic glucose-excited (GE) neurons contribute to whole-body glucose homeostasis and participate in the detection of hypoglycaemia. This system appears defective in type 1 diabetes, in which hypoglycaemia commonly occurs. Unfortunately, it is at present unclear which molecular components required for glucose sensing are produced in individual neurons and how these are functionally linked. We used the GT1-7 mouse hypothalamic cell line to address these issues. METHODS: Electrophysiological recordings, coupled with measurements of gene expression and protein levels and activity, were made from unmodified GT1-7 cells and cells in which AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) catalytic subunit gene expression and activity were reduced. RESULTS: Hypothalamic GT1-7 neurons express the genes encoding glucokinase and ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (K(ATP)) subunits K ( ir ) 6.2 and Sur1 and exhibit GE-type glucose-sensing behaviour. Lowered extracellular glucose concentration hyperpolarised the cells in a concentration-dependent manner, an outcome that was reversed by tolbutamide. Inhibition of glucose uptake or metabolism hyperpolarised cells, showing that energy metabolism is required to maintain their resting membrane potential. Short hairpin (sh)RNA directed to Ampkα2 (also known as Prkaa2) reduced GT1-7 cell AMPKα2, but not AMPKα1, activity and lowered the threshold for hypoglycaemia-induced hyperpolarisation. shAmpkα1 (also known as Prkaa1) had no effect on glucose-sensing or AMPKα2 activity. Decreased uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2) mRNA was detected in AMPKα2-reduced cells, suggesting that AMPKα2 regulates UCP2 levels. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We have demonstrated that GT1-7 cells closely mimic GE neuron glucose-sensing behaviour, and reducing AMPKα2 blunts their responsiveness to hypoglycaemic challenge, possibly by altering UCP2 activity. These results show that suppression of AMPKα2 activity inhibits normal glucose-sensing behaviour and may contribute to defective detection of hypoglycaemia.This study was funded by: grants from the Wellcome Trust (grant numbers 068692 and 086989) and Diabetes UK (grant number RD08/0003681) to M.L.J. Ashford; a Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) Postdoctoral Fellowship to C. Beall (grant number 3-576-2010); grants from JDRF and European Foundation for the study of Diabetes to R.J. McCrimmon, and from the British Heart Foundation to A. Jovanović

The clinical relevance of oliguria in the critically ill patient : Analysis of a large observational database

Funding Information: Marc Leone reports receiving consulting fees from Amomed and Aguettant; lecture fees from MSD, Pfizer, Octapharma, 3 M, Aspen, Orion; travel support from LFB; and grant support from PHRC IR and his institution. JLV is the Editor-in-Chief of Critical Care. The other authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Urine output is widely used as one of the criteria for the diagnosis and staging of acute renal failure, but few studies have specifically assessed the role of oliguria as a marker of acute renal failure or outcomes in general intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Using a large multinational database, we therefore evaluated the occurrence of oliguria (defined as a urine output 16 years) patients in the ICON audit who had a urine output measurement on the day of admission were included. To investigate the association between oliguria and mortality, we used a multilevel analysis. Results: Of the 8292 patients included, 2050 (24.7%) were oliguric during the first 24 h of admission. Patients with oliguria on admission who had at least one additional 24-h urine output recorded during their ICU stay (n = 1349) were divided into three groups: transient - oliguria resolved within 48 h after the admission day (n = 390 [28.9%]), prolonged - oliguria resolved > 48 h after the admission day (n = 141 [10.5%]), and permanent - oliguria persisting for the whole ICU stay or again present at the end of the ICU stay (n = 818 [60.6%]). ICU and hospital mortality rates were higher in patients with oliguria than in those without, except for patients with transient oliguria who had significantly lower mortality rates than non-oliguric patients. In multilevel analysis, the need for RRT was associated with a significantly higher risk of death (OR = 1.51 [95% CI 1.19-1.91], p = 0.001), but the presence of oliguria on admission was not (OR = 1.14 [95% CI 0.97-1.34], p = 0.103). Conclusions: Oliguria is common in ICU patients and may have a relatively benign nature if only transient. The duration of oliguria and need for RRT are associated with worse outcome.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Temporal changes in the epidemiology, management, and outcome from acute respiratory distress syndrome in European intensive care units: a comparison of two large cohorts

Background: Mortality rates for patients with ARDS remain high. We assessed temporal changes in the epidemiology and management of ARDS patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation in European ICUs. We also investigated the association between ventilatory settings and outcome in these patients. Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of two cohorts of adult ICU patients admitted between May 1–15, 2002 (SOAP study, n = 3147), and May 8–18, 2012 (ICON audit, n = 4601 admitted to ICUs in the same 24 countries as the SOAP study). ARDS was defined retrospectively using the Berlin definitions. Values of tidal volume, PEEP, plateau pressure, and FiO2 corresponding to the most abnormal value of arterial PO2 were recorded prospectively every 24 h. In both studies, patients were followed for outcome until death, hospital discharge or for 60 days. Results: The frequency of ARDS requiring mechanical ventilation during the ICU stay was similar in SOAP and ICON (327[10.4%] vs. 494[10.7%], p = 0.793). The diagnosis of ARDS was established at a median of 3 (IQ: 1–7) days after admission in SOAP and 2 (1–6) days in ICON. Within 24 h of diagnosis, ARDS was mild in 244 (29.7%), moderate in 388 (47.3%), and severe in 189 (23.0%) patients. In patients with ARDS, tidal volumes were lower in the later (ICON) than in the earlier (SOAP) cohort. Plateau and driving pressures were also lower in ICON than in SOAP. ICU (134[41.1%] vs 179[36.9%]) and hospital (151[46.2%] vs 212[44.4%]) mortality rates in patients with ARDS were similar in SOAP and ICON. High plateau pressure (> 29 cmH2O) and driving pressure (> 14 cmH2O) on the first day of mechanical ventilation but not tidal volume (> 8 ml/kg predicted body weight [PBW]) were independently associated with a higher risk of in-hospital death. Conclusion: The frequency of and outcome from ARDS remained relatively stable between 2002 and 2012. Plateau pressure > 29 cmH2O and driving pressure > 14 cmH2O on the first day of mechanical ventilation but not tidal volume > 8 ml/kg PBW were independently associated with a higher risk of death. These data highlight the continued burden of ARDS and provide hypothesis-generating data for the design of future studies

ЧИСЛОВОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ АСПИРАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ НА ЕЕ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ

На основі створених авторами та описаних раніше математичних моделей і підходів до вивчення впливу окремих елементів циклона на його аеродинамічні характеристики, досліджено вплив геометричних параметрів конфузора на аеродинаміку потоку в трубопроводі аспіраційної системи та значення втрат тиску. Дослідження проведено шляхом моделювання процесів руху повітряних потоків у трубопроводі аспіраційної системи за допомогою спеціалізованого програмного забезпечення в середовищі MathCad та Flowvision. Актуальність досліджень підтверджується широким запровадженням аспіраційних систем у деревообробній галузі, що зумовлено вимогами щодо покращення умов праці на виробництвах. Одночасно експлуатація систем аспірації невіддільно пов'язана з високими затратами електроенергії, необхідної для забезпечення ефективних режимів їх роботи. Саме тому для підвищення ефективності та зниження енергозатрат на їх експлуатацію потрібно шукати підходи для зменшення втрат тиску, які виникають у повітропроводі під час руху суміші повітря та транспортованого матеріалу. Для вирішення цієї задачі потрібно дослідити окремі елементи аспіраційних систем та визначити розподіл полів тисків та швидкостей руху повітряного потоку, що зумовлені їх параметрами та конструктивними особливостями. Результати таких досліджень дадуть змогу запропонувати ефективні технічні рішення для вдосконалення наявних конструкцій аспіраційних систем, а також раціональні технічні рішення на етапі їх проектування.The article, based on the mathematical models and approaches to the study of effects of selected cyclone elements on its aerodynamic properties, which have been already developed and described by the authors, considers impact of the confusor's geometric parameters on the flow aerodynamics in the aspiration system pipeline and the pressure loss. The research was carried out by simulating the airflow movements in the aspiration system pipeline using the specialized software in the MathCad and Flowvision environments. Relevance of the research is confirmed by the wide application of aspiration systems in the woodworking industry, as required to meet requirements for improving the industrial working standards. At the same time, the operation of aspiration systems is linked to the high costs of electricity to provide efficient modes of operation. That is why, in order to increase efficiency and reduce energy costs for their operation, it is necessary to find approaches to reduce the pressure losses in the airline during the movement of the air and material mixture. To solve this problem, it is necessary to study individual elements of aspiration systems and describe the distribution of pressure fields and airflow rates, which are determined by their parameters and design. The research results would enable us to implement effective technical solutions to improve the existing structures of aspiration systems, as well as to offer rational technical solutions at the design stage. Aspiration systems often use devices to change the pipeline diameter from smaller to larger ones, or vice versa. Confusors and diffusers, along with such elements as turning joints, largely determine the values of hydraulic resistance of the aspiration systems, which in turn affects the energy consumption for an effective mode of operation. Given the positive experience obtained by the study effect of individual elements of the cyclone and its aerodynamic characteristics, the authors explored impact of certain elements of the aspiration system based on the previously suggested mathematical models by simulating flows of the dust-air mixture in the aspiration system pipeline. The data obtained allows drawing the constant patterns of the pressure fields and rates distribution in the aspiration system pipelines and making constructive changes at the stage of aspiration systems design. As a result of the research performed, the authors have defined ways to reduce the hydraulic resistance of aspiration systems and determined directions of further research.На основании разработанных авторами ранее опубликованных математических моделей и подходов к изучению влияния отдельных элементов циклона на его аэродинамические характеристики, исследованы геометрические параметры конфузора на аэродинамику потока в трубопроводе аспирационной системы и значения потерь давления. Исследование проведено путем моделирования процессов перемещения воздушных потоков в трубопроводе аспирационной системы средствами специализированного программного обеспечения в среде MathCad и Flowvision. Актуальность исследований подтверждается широким внедрением аспирационных систем в деревообрабатывающей отрасли, что обусловлено требованиями к улучшению условий труда на предприятиях. В то же время эксплуатация систем аспирации неотделимо связана с высоким энергопотреблением, необходимым для обеспечения эффективных режимов их работы. Поэтому для повышения эффективности и уменьшения энергопотребления на их эксплуатацию нужно искать подходы для уменьшения потерь давления, что возникают в воздухопроводе во время движения воздуха и транспортированного материала. Для решения этой задачи следует исследовать отдельные элементы аспирационных систем и определить распределение полей давлений и скоростей движения воздушного потока, что обусловлены их параметрами и конструкционными особенностями. Результаты таких исследований позволят предложить эффективные технические решения для усовершенствования существующих конструкций аспирационных систем, а также рациональные технические решения на этапе их проектирования