Physical capacity in youth football players of a profesional club

Las características físicas del fútbol son muy diversas, aunque se reconocen como muy importantes la capacidad de realizar esfuerzos de alta intensidad y la de retrasar la fatiga en la mayor medida posible en esfuerzos intermitentes. Son diversos los trabajos que analizan dichas características en el fútbol profesional, aunque son menores los que analizan las categorías de formación. En el presente estudio se analiza la evolución por categorías de pruebas de salto, velocidad, agilidad y resistencia aeróbica específica, en jugadores de fútbol jóvenes de la cantera de un club profesional de la liga española. Se produjo un incremento de las marcas con la edad, aunque no se observaron diferencias significativas en grupos de edad cercanos, produciéndose una meseta en el rendimiento en la fuerza explosiva y velocidad de aceleración a partir de los 17 años y en la velocidad de desplazamiento y agilidad a los 15 añosPhysical characteristics of football are very different, but are recognized as very important the ability to perform high-intensity efforts and to delay fatigue as much as possible in intermittent efforts. There are several studies that analyze these characteristics in professional football but are less those who analyze the categories of training. In the present study analyzes the evolution of categories of jumping, speed, agility and specific endurance in young soccer players from a professional club of the Spanish league. There was an increase of the marks with age, although no significant differences in age groups encircle. Producing a plateau in performance in explosive strength and acceleration speed from 17 years and in speed and agility at age of 1

Effects of Ibuprofen intake in muscle damage, body temperature and muscle power in Paralympic powerlifting athletes

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ingesting ibuprofen on post-workout recovery of muscle damage, body temperature and muscle power indicators in Paralympic powerlifting athletes. The study was carried out with eight Paralympic powerlifting athletes (aged 27.0 ± 5.3 years and 79.9 ± 25.5 kg of body mass) competing at the national level, with a minimum training experience of 12 months, who all submitted to two experimental conditions: Ibuprofen (2 × 00 mg) and control. The maximal isometric force of the upper limbs and rate of force development, thermography, and serum biochemical analyzes of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were measured before, after, 24 h after and 48 h after the intervention. Maximal isometric force only decreased in the placebo condition, which increased back to baseline levels, while no substantial decline in baseline force was seen in the ibuprofen condition, although no effect for exercise condition was detected. After the exercise, the rate of force development decreased significantly for both conditions and did not exceed baseline levels again after 48 h. Muscle temperature decreased significantly at 48-h post-exercise in the placebo condition, when compared with the previous day of measurement; and deltoid muscle temperature at 48-h post-exercise was higher with the ibuprofen condition. Although the results indicate some positive effects of ibuprofen use, they do not enable a clear statement regarding its positive effects on muscle function and muscle damage. Ibuprofen seems to have caused a delay in the anti-inflammatory response following exercise.publishedVersio

Validation of the OMNI-GSE subjective perceived exertion scale for controlling the global intensity in multi-purpose sessions in elderly people

El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de validar el uso de la escala de percepción del esfuerzo OMNI-GSE (escala OMNI- Global Session in the Elderly, rango: 0-10) en personas mayores para el control de la intensidad global durante sesiones con objetivos múltiples. Para este estudio se evaluaron20 sujetos mayores de 60 años (10 hombres y 10 mujeres), con una buena condición física y un mínimo de 18 meses de participación sistemática en programas específicos de actividad física para personas mayores. Todos los sujetos estaban familiarizados con el uso de la escala propuesta y realizaron 3 sesiones estandarizadas de 60 minutos, ejecutadas de forma aleatoria, en los que se controló la frecuencia cardiaca mediante un pulsómetro: 1) intensidad baja (RPE ≈ 4), moderada (RPE ≈ 6) y alta (RPE ≈ 8). La sesión fue administrada por un especialista con más de 3 años de trabajo con personas mayores. La sesión consistía en: a). ejercicio de movilidad articular (5 min); b). ejercicios de equilibrio y propioceptivos (5 min) c). ejercicios de agilidad (5 min); d). ejercicios de fuerza funcionales (15 min); e). ejercicios de resistencia (25 min) y f). ejercicios estáticos de estiramientos (5 min). Inmediatamente después de terminar la sesión se les ha pedido que señalasen, en una escala numérica y con apoyo visual de imágenes, su percepción subjetiva de la intensidad de la sesión. Los valores de la escala mostraron una correlación positiva con el trabajo cardiaco (total de latidos de las sesiones): correlación de 0,86 (r 2 = 0,74) en la sesión de intensidad baja; de 0,91 (r 2 = 0,83) en la sesión intensidad moderada; de 0,93 (r 2 = 0,86) en la sesión de intensidad alta. En conclusión, los presentes hallazgos demuestran que la escala diseñada puede ser usada para el control de la intensidad global de una sesión con objetivos múltiples en personas mayores experimentadas en este tipo de sesiones.The purpose of the present study was to validate the use of the OMNI-GSE (OMNI- Global Session in the Elderly, range: 0-10) perceived exertion scale in the elderly for controlling the global intensity during multi-purpose sessions. Twenty elderly subjects aged 60 and over (10 males and 10 females), all in good physical condition withat least 18months of participation in specific programs of physical activity for elderly people. All of them were familiarized with the use of the proposed scale. They performed 3 standardized sessions of 60 minutes, performed in random order, in which heart rate was controlled by means of a heart rate monitor: 1) low-intensity (RPE ≈ 4), moderate-intensity (RPE ≈ 6) and high-intensity (RPE ≈ 8). Sessions were controlled by a specialist with over 3 years of experience in working with elder people. Each session consisted of: a). mobility exercises (5 min); b). balance and proprioception exercises (5 min) c). agility exercises (5 min); d). functional strength exercises (15 min); e). endurance exercises (25 min) and f). static stretching exercises (5 min). Immediately after the end of the session, subjects were asked to point in a numeric scale and with the visual support of the images, their subjective perception of the session’s intensity. The values of the scale showed positive correlation with cardiac output(total of heartbeats in each session): correlation of 0,86 (r 2 = 0,74) for the low-intensity session; of 0,91 (r 2 = 0,83) for the moderate-intensity session; and of 0,93 (r 2 = 0,86) for the high-intensity session. The present findings suggest that the designed scale may be used to efficiently control the global intensity of a multiple objective session in elderly people with previous experience in this type of session.Sin financiaciónNo data 201

Fructose modifies the hormonal response and modulates lipid metabolism during aerobic exercise after glucose supplementation

A B S T R A C T The metabolic response when aerobic exercise is performed after the ingestion of glucose plus fructose is unclear. In the present study, we administered two beverages containing GluF (glucose + fructose) or Glu (glucose alone) in a randomized cross-over design to 20 healthy aerobically trained volunteers to compare the hormonal and lipid responses provoked during aerobic exercise and the recovery phase. After ingesting the beverages and a 15-min resting period, volunteers performed 30 min of moderate aerobic exercise. Urinary and blood samples were taken at baseline (t −15 ), during the exercise (t 0 , t 15 and t 30 ) and during the recovery phase (t 45 , t 75 and t 105 ). Plasma insulin concentrations were higher halfway through the exercise period and during acute recuperation (t 15 and t 75 ; P < 0.05) following ingestion of GluF than after Glu alone, without any differences between the effects of either intervention on plasma glucose concentrations. Towards the end of the exercise period, urinary catecholamine concentrations were lower following GluF (t 45 ; P < 0.05). Plasma triacylglycerol (triglyceride) concentrations were higher after the ingestion of GluF compared with Glu (t 15 , t 30 , t 45 and t 105 ; P < 0.05). Furthermore, with GluF, we observed higher levels of lipoperoxides (t 15 , t 30 , t 45 and t 105 ; P < 0.05) and oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein; t 30 ; P < 0.05) compared with after the ingestion of Glu alone. In conclusion, hormonal and lipid alterations are provoked during aerobic exercise and recovery by the addition of a dose of fructose to the pre-exercise ingestion of glucose

Crescimento inicial de mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) em diferentes meios de germinação in vitro Initial growth of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) in different culture medium of in vitro germination

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar as condições mais favoráveis para a germinação in vitro de sementes e o crescimento inicial de plântulas de mangabeira. Após assepsia, sementes oriundas de frutos maduros foram inoculadas em tubos de ensaio contendo os seguintes tratamentos: T1-15 mL de meio de cultura MS; T2-15 mL de meio de cultura MS + 2,0 g L-1 de carvão ativado; T3-15 mL de meio de cultura &frac12; MS; e T4-15 mL de meio de cultura &frac12; MS + 2,0 g L-1 de carvão ativado. Todos os meios de cultura foram gelificados com 0,3 g L-1 de Phytagel® e suplementados com 3,0 g L-1 de sacarose. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições, sendo cada parcela experimental composta de dez tubos de ensaio contendo uma semente cada. Não houve diferença significativa dos tratamentos para a porcentagem de germinação aos 20 dias, que variou de 95 a 100%. Quanto ao comprimento da raiz principal, observou-se que o meio de cultura constituído de &frac12; MS com 2,0 g L-1 de carvão ativado proporcionou maior crescimento quando comparado com os demais tratamentos. Aos 50 dias, não foi observada a formação de plântulas anormais e nem diferenças significativas do comprimento da parte aérea das plântulas. Entretanto, a diluição em 50% dos sais do meio MS associada à presença de carvão ativado induziu maior crescimento da raiz principal (8,50 cm) quando comparado com meio MS, na presença (6,19 cm) ou ausência (6,00 cm) de carvão ativado.<br>The objective of this study was to determine the most favorable conditions for the in vitro germination of mangaba seeds and initial development of plantlets. After asepsis, emerging seeds of mature fruits were inoculated in tubes contend the next treatments: T1-15 mL of MS culture medium; T2-15 mL of MS culture medium + 2.0 g L-1 of activated charcoal; T3-15 mL of &frac12; MS culture medium; and T4-15 mL of &frac12; MS culture medium + 2.0 g L-1 of activated charcoal. All the culture medium were gellified with 0.3 g L-1 of Phytagel® and supplemented with 3.0 g L-1 of sucrose. The statistical design was completely randomized with four treatments, eight repetitions and ten seeds by experimental unit. There was not significant difference of the treatments for the germination percentage at twenty days, which varied from 95 to 100%. The &frac12; MS with 2.0 g L-1 of activated charcoal promoted higher growth the main root when compared with the others treatments. After 50 days, abnormal plantlets were not observed and neither significant difference were verified among the length of the aerial part. However, the dilution in 50% of the MS culture medium associate to the presence of activated charcoal induced higher growth of the main root (8.50 cm) when compared with MS culture medium in the presence (6.19 cm) or absence (6.00 cm) of activated charcoal

Effects of Ibuprofen intake in muscle damage, body temperature and muscle power in Paralympic powerlifting athletes

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ingesting ibuprofen on post-workout recovery of muscle damage, body temperature and muscle power indicators in Paralympic powerlifting athletes. The study was carried out with eight Paralympic powerlifting athletes (aged 27.0 ± 5.3 years and 79.9 ± 25.5 kg of body mass) competing at the national level, with a minimum training experience of 12 months, who all submitted to two experimental conditions: Ibuprofen (2 × 00 mg) and control. The maximal isometric force of the upper limbs and rate of force development, thermography, and serum biochemical analyzes of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were measured before, after, 24 h after and 48 h after the intervention. Maximal isometric force only decreased in the placebo condition, which increased back to baseline levels, while no substantial decline in baseline force was seen in the ibuprofen condition, although no effect for exercise condition was detected. After the exercise, the rate of force development decreased significantly for both conditions and did not exceed baseline levels again after 48 h. Muscle temperature decreased significantly at 48-h post-exercise in the placebo condition, when compared with the previous day of measurement; and deltoid muscle temperature at 48-h post-exercise was higher with the ibuprofen condition. Although the results indicate some positive effects of ibuprofen use, they do not enable a clear statement regarding its positive effects on muscle function and muscle damage. Ibuprofen seems to have caused a delay in the anti-inflammatory response following exercise

PRESENT 2020:Text that develops the checklist for the adequate report of the evidence in clinical trials of sport and exercise nutrition

La guía CONSORT (CONsolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials)de 2010 (http://www.consort-statement.org/consort-2010) fuedesarrollada para mejorar el informe de ensayos clínicoscontrolados aleatorios de grupos paralelos, por lo que elcumplimiento de los estándares establecidos se puede demostrarmediante la cumplimentación de la lista de chequeo CONSORT20101. Las principales revistas médicas han respaldado estainiciativa, que sin duda ha mejorado la realización y el informe deresultados de la investigación clínica y sanitaria. La investigaciónen el campo de la nutrición deportiva y el metabolismo delejercicio se beneficiará de estándares similares, pero comúnmenteutiliza diseños de investigación diferentes a los ensayos clínicos degrupos paralelos, como los experimentos cruzados.Se ha publicado recientemente una ampliación de CONSORT queaborda ensayos cruzados aleatorios2, con una lista de verificaciónrevisada que se centra en cuestiones de primera relevancia paraensayos clínicos que abordan tratamientos médicos o deasistencia médica. Sin embargo, estas cuestiones específicas de losensayos clínicos, pueden tener una relevancia diferente, cuando seconsideran en relación con los experimentos mecanicistas,estrictamente controlados, realizados en laboratorio, que sonhabituales en la ciencia del ejercicio. Por ejemplo, los diseñoscruzados pueden implicar efectos de orden entre evaluaciones; enlos ensayos clínicos, esto suele ocurrir con mayor frecuenciadebido al tratamiento o la intervención en sí, lo que requiere unintervalo de lavado suficiente, antes de repetir las evaluaciones.Por el contrario, la tendencia en la investigación sobre nutricióndeportiva, se relaciona comúnmente con la evaluación en símisma, que a menudo, tiende a ser más invasiva o exigente para elparticipante, que una instantánea sobre su estado de salud. Dehecho, las pruebas físicas de rendimiento humano sonparticularmente propensas a efectos de aprendizaje o fatiga eincluso algunas adaptaciones físicas pueden persistir durantesemanas o meses después del primer test. Por ejemplo, eldenominado “efecto de intentos repetidos”, que describe cómo unasola exposición a un ejercicio físico desacostumbrado que producedaño muscular puede inducir una profunda y duradera protecciónante ejercicios similares en el futuro3,4. Los participantes enensayos de ejercicio también pueden ser atletas de élite, cuyosniveles habituales de actividad física (y dieta) pueden mostrarvariaciones profundas a lo largo del tiempo (es decir,periodización), lo que complica aún más la interpretación deestudios longitudinales.La lista de chequeo PRESENT (Proper Reporting of Evidence inSport & Exercise Nutrition Trials) 2020 (Ver Anexo), por tanto, seha adaptado de la guía CONSORT para abordar específicamente lacombinación única de desafíos y oportunidades que enfrentan losinvestigadores dentro de los amplios campos de la nutricióndeportiva y el metabolismo del ejercicio. El presente documentocomplementa y desarrolla la lista de verificación CONSORT alponer énfasis y proveer ejemplos comunes o de mayor relevanciapara la investigación en esta área temática. La lista decomprobación PRESENT 2020 se diseñó teniendo en cuenta lanecesidad de minimizar a los autores la sobrecarga que suponeasegurarse de que el informe de sus resultados cumpla con losrequisitos de calidad; debería permitir a los investigadoresdeterminar rápidamente si toda la información relevante estáincluida en su manuscrito. Por supuesto, es posible cumplir contodos los factores en la lista de verificación a pesar de haberrealizado un mal estudio y/o haber informado mal de un buenestudio, mientras que algunos elementos de la lista de chequeopueden no ser aplicables incluso para investigacionesrigurosamente realizadas. No obstante, la consideración ydiscusión de los factores identificados en la lista de chequeodebería mejorar la comunicación de los resultados de lainvestigación relacionada con el ejercicio y la nutrición, en elfuturo inmediato, y tiene el potencial de mejorar el diseño y larealización de ensayos a largo plazo