Translation and validation content of instrument for students’ evaluation of teaching

O Student Evaluation Educacional Quality (SEEQ) é um instrumento multidimensional de avaliação do ensino pelos alunos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o processo de tradução e validação de conteúdo do SEEQ para o Brasil. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em quatro etapas: 1. Tradução reversa (back translation); 2. Consolidação da revisão preliminar; 3. Validação de conteúdo da versão preliminar; 4. Teste piloto. Quatro tradutores participaram da primeira etapa, dois realizando a tradução do inglês para o português e dois do português para o inglês. Os itens foram analisados por um comitê para a obtenção de uma versão preliminar e, posteriormente, foram avaliado por especialistas quanto aos critérios de clareza de linguagem, pertinência prática, relevância teórica e dimensão. A versão preliminar apresentou muitos itens com coeficiente de validade de conteúdo (CVC) abaixo do ponto de corte, sendo, por isso, adaptado e reavaliado. Após as modificações, o instrumento apresentou CVC satisfatório (igual ou maior a 0,80) nos três critérios independentes e no instrumento como um todo. O coeficiente Kappa do critério dimensão foi moderado (0,544). Após o teste piloto, o instrumento está apto à aplicação em pesquisas. Futuramente, para sua aplicação prática, é necessário que sejam investigadas as características psicométricas da escalaStudent Evaluation of Educational Quality (SEEQ) is a multidimensional instrument to evaluate the teaching quality. The aim of this study was the translation and content validation process of SEEQ for Brazil. The study was done in four steps: 1. Back translation; 2. Consolidation of the preliminary version; 3. Content validation of preliminary version; 4. Pilot test. Four translators participated in the first stage, two performing the translation from English to Portuguese language and two from Portuguese to English. Items were reviewed by a committee to obtain the preliminary version of the instrument and then they were evaluated by experts in clarity of language, practical relevance, theoretical relevance and dimension criteria. The preliminary version presented many items with content validity coefficient (CVC) below the cut-off value, and therefore it was adapted and re-evaluated. After the modifications, the instrument presented satisfactory CVC (≥0.80) at both three criteria and the whole instrument. The Kappa coefficient dimension criteria was moderate (0.544). After the pilot test, the instrument is able to use in research. For practical application, however, it is necessary that the psychometric characteristics of the scale are still investigate

Evaluation of teaching by students

Este trabalho trata da avaliação do ensino superior pelo viés dos alunos. A partir de análise bibliográfica e documental, discute as abordagens epistemológicas da avaliação educacional, sua situação atual no Brasil e apresenta alguns critérios e modelos utilizados internacionalmente em tais avaliações. O trabalho considera o ensino como a função principal da graduação e a avaliação do ensino pelos alunos como o meio de comunicação destes como o seu curso. No Brasil, o Sistema Nacional de Avaliação do Ensino Superior (SINAES) enfatiza a necessidade da autoavaliação dos cursos de graduação e não define critérios, com o objetivo de que os próprios cursos possam definir suas prioridades e produzir as informações necessárias para a melhoria do ensino. O questionário é a ferramenta predominante quando se avalia um grande número de alunos e há muitos modelos validados que podem subsidiar o trabalho docente. A avaliação do ensino não pode ser dissociada da figura do professor e, quando bem planejada, pode contribuir tanto para o desenvolvimento docente quanto para a qualidade do ensino ministrado dentro das instituiçõesThis work deals with the evaluation of higher education by the bias of the students. From the literature investigation and document analysis, discusses the epistemological approaches to the educational evaluation, its current situation in Brazil and presents some criteria and models used internationally in such assessments. The paper considers education as the main graduation function and evaluation of teaching by students as the way of their communication with its course. In Brazil, the National System of Higer Education Assessment (SINAES) emphasizes to need for self-assessment of courses and does not set criteria for it, for the purpose of the courses themselves define with the object of the courses can define their priorities and produce the necessary information to improve teaching. Questionnaire is the predominant tool when evaluating a large number of students and there are many validated models that can support the teaching. The evaluation of teaching cannot be dissociated from the teacher figure and, when well planned, can contribute to both teacher development and for the quality of education within institution

As Geociências do CNPq a Partir de seus Bolsistas de Produtividade em Pesquisa

The profile of the CNPq Research Productivity Program in Geosciences was studied using the Lattes Plataformcurricula of all researchers with grants in effect on March of 2013. Most of them are male (81,7%), working in institutionslocated in Southeastern Brazil (62,1%). The profile analysis of CNPq Research Productivity Fellows (PQ) in the threesubfields of Geosciences and in their respective specialties highlighted particularities in regard to the bibliometricindicators used as judging criteria by the Geosciences Advisory Committee (CA-GC). It was observed that there is nohomogeneity among researchers in the same level/category concerning the productivity criteria used by judgers. Althoughquantitative differences in scientific productivity were observed, the data should be used wih caution since qualitativeevaluation of science output has not been studied.O perfil de produtividade científica do Programa Básico de Geociências, do CNPq, foi estudado a partir da análise dos currículos da Plataforma Lattes dos bolsistas de Produtividade em Pesquisa do CNPq (PQ) com bolsas vigentes em março de 2013. A maioria dos pesquisadores são homens (81,7%) e estão em instituições da Região Sudeste (62,1%). Observou-se que há particularidades nas três subáreas de Geociências e em suas respectivas especialidades com relação aos indicadores de produtividade utilizados nos critérios de julgamento estabelecidos pelo Comitê Assessor de Geociências (CA-GC). Observou-se que não há homogeneidade entre os pesquisadores do mesmo nível/categoria em relação aos critérios quantitativos de produtividade, estabelecidos pelo comitê. Essas diferenças, no entanto, devem ser vistas com cautela, pois a avaliação qualitativa da produção científica não foi estudada

Haloperidol aumenta a peroxidação lipídica hepática promovida por uma dieta rica em gordura em ratos

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the treatment with haloperidol (HAL) associated with a high-fat diet (HF) on hepatic and renal damage, intracellular magnesium (Mg2+) levels, and abdominal fat content. Young male Wistar rats were fed with high-fat diet or control diet during 48 weeks and, at the 24-week, part of animals began to be co-treated with HAL (1 mg/Kg/day intramuscularly). After 4 weeks of the drug administration, the livers and kidneys were removed for analyses. The results showed that HF diet significantly increased lipid peroxidation in the hepatic tissue of treated animals, when compared to animals treated with control diet (P<0.05). Moreover, HF associated with HAL further increased the hepatic lipid peroxidation levels (P<0.05). In contrast, HF and/or HAL did not promote significant changes in renal lipid peroxidation levels. We also found a negative correlation between intracellular Mg2+ levels and abdominal fat content among all animals. In conclusion, the data presented suggest adverse interactions between HAL and HF on liver. Furthermore, the negative correlation between the intracellular Mg2+ levels and the abdominal fat accumulation suggest a possible involvement of Mg2+ in the metabolic syndrome development associated with a HF diet.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos del tratamiento con haloperidol (HAL) asociado con una dieta alta en grasas (DAG) sobre el daño hepático y renal, los niveles de magnesio intracelular (Mg2+) y los niveles de grasa abdominal. Para esto, se trataron ratas Wistar macho jóvenes con DAG o con dieta de control durante 48 semanas. En la semana 24, parte de los animales comenzaron a ser tratados conjuntamente con HAL (1 mg/kg/día por vía intramuscular). Después de 4 semanas de administración de HAL, las ratas fueron sacrificadas y sus tejidos fueron retirados para análisis. Los resultados indicaron que una DAG aumentó significativamente la peroxidación lipídica en el tejido hepático en comparación con los animales tratados con dieta de control (P <0.05). Además, la asociación entre DAG y HAL aumentó la lipoperoxidación en el hígado de los animales (P <0.05). Por otro lado, DAG y/o HAL no promovieron cambios significativos en los niveles de lipoperoxidación renal. Encontramos una correlación negativa entre los niveles intracelulares de Mg2+ y el contenido de grasa abdominal en todos los animales. En conclusión, los datos mostrados indican interacciones adversas entre HAL y DAG en el hígado. Además, la correlación negativa entre los niveles intracelulares de Mg2 + y el contenido de grasa abdominal indica una posible participación de Mg2 + en el desarrollo del síndrome metabólico asociado con una DAG.Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos do tratamento com haloperidol (HAL) associado a uma dieta rica em gordura (DRG) sobre danos hepáticos e renais, níveis intracelulares de magnésio (Mg2+) e níveis de gordura abdominal. Ratos Wistar machos jovens foram alimentados com DRG ou dieta controle por 48 semanas e, na 24º semana, parte dos animais começou a ser co-tratada com HAL (1 mg/kg/dia por via intramuscular). Após 4 semanas da administração do HAL, os ratos foram eutanasiados e seus fígados e rins foram removidos para as análises. Os resultados mostraram que a DRG aumentou significativamente a peroxidação lipídica no tecido hepático dos animais, quando comparados aos animais tratados com dieta controle (P <0,05). Além disso, a associação entre DRG e HAL potencializou a lipoperoxidação no fígado dos animais (P <0,05). Por outro lado, a DRG e/ou HAL não promoveram alterações significativas nos níveis renais de lipoperoxidação. Encontramos uma correlação negativa entre os níveis intracelulares de Mg2+ e o conteúdo de gordura abdominal em todos os animais. Em conclusão, os dados apresentados sugerem interações adversas entre HAL e DRG no fígado. Além disso, a correlação negativa entre os níveis intracelulares de Mg2+ e o conteúdo de gordura abdominal, indica um possível envolvimento de Mg2+ no desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica associada a uma DRG

Exposure of young rats to diphenyl ditelluride during lactation affects the homeostasis of the cytoskeleton in neural cells from striatum and cerebellum

AbstractIn the present report we examined the effect of maternal exposure to diphenyl ditelluride (PhTe)2 (0.01mg/kg body weight) during the first 14 days of lactational period on the activity of some protein kinases targeting the cytoskeleton of striatum and cerebellum of their offspring. We analyzed the phosphorylating system associated with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament of low, medium and high molecular weight (NF-L, NF-M and NF-H, respectively) of pups on PND 15, 21, 30 and 45. We found that (PhTe)2 induced hyperphosphorylation of all the proteins studied on PND 15 and 21, recovering control values on PND 30 and 45. The immunocontent of GFAP, NF-L, NF-M and NF-H in the cerebellum of 15-day-old pups was increased. Western blot assays showed activation/phosphorylation of Erk1/2 on PND 21 and activation/phosphorylation of JNK on PND 15. Otherwise, p38MAPK was not activated in the striatum of (PhTe)2 exposed pups. On the other hand, the cerebellum of pups exposed to (PhTe)2 presented activated/phosphorylated Erk1/2 on PND 15 and 21 as well as activated/phosphorylated p38MAPK on PND 21, while JNK was not activated. Western blot assays showed that both in the striatum and in the cerebellum of (PhTe)2 exposed pups, the immunocontent of the catalytic subunit of PKA (PKAcα) was increased on PND 15. Western blot showed that the phosphorylation level of NF-L Ser55 and NF-M/NF-H KSP repeats was increased in the striatum and cerebellum of both 15- and 21-day-old pups exposed to (PhTe)2. Diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2, the selenium analog of (PhTe)2, prevented (PhTe)2-induced hyperphosphorylation of striatal intermediate filament (IF) proteins but it failed to prevent the action of (PhTe)2 in cerebellum. Western blot assay showed that the (PhSe)2 prevented activation/phosphorylation of Erk1/2, JNK and PKAcα but did not prevent the stimulatory effect of (PhTe)2 on p38MAPK in cerebellum at PND 21. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dam exposure to low doses of (PhTe)2 can alter cellular signaling targeting the cytoskeleton of striatum and cerebellum in the offspring in a spatiotemporal manner, which can be related to the neurotoxic effects of (PhTe)2

In vivo and in vitro genotoxicity studies of aqueous extract of Xanthium spinosum

The use of plants as a source of palliative or cure for pathological conditions is quite common worldwide. Xanthium spinosum (Asteraceae), popularly known in Brazil as 'espinho de carneiro', is an annual weed from South America, which has been used by empiric medicine to treat neoplasias. Owing to the extensive use of the above-mentioned plant and to the lack of reports about the real effects of its infusion, current study evaluated the genotoxic potential of its aqueous extract at concentrations 0.02 g L-1, 0.1 g L-1 and 0.2 g L-1 by fish micronucleus test and by comet human leukocytes assay. The micronucleus test featured at least 50 cells with micronuclei to every 2,000 cells scored, as a mutagenic parameter. The comet assay was used as a parameter for assessing the level of cell damage and the damage index. Since no significant changes in strain cells exposed to the aqueous extract in the comet and micronucleus assays were reported, it seems that no genotoxicity evidence is extant at the concentrations and in the assays performed.Em diversos lugares do mundo a utilização de plantas como fonte paliativa ou de cura para determinadas condições patológicas é bastante comum. No Brasil, essa prática não se torna diferente devido à ampla biodiversidade da fauna e flora presentes no País. Nesse contexto, surge a Xanthium spinosum (Asteraceae), conhecida popularmente como "espinho-de-carneiro", um arbusto anual introduzido na América do Sul, o qual tem sido utilizado empiricamente no tratamento de neoplasias. Sabendo do extensivo uso dessa planta em contrapartida com nenhum estudo reportando os reais efeitos de sua infusão, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a genotoxicidade do extrato aquoso nas concentrações de 0,02 g L-1, 0,1 g L-1 e 0,2 g L-1, através do ensaio do micronúcleo písceo e do ensaio cometa em leucócitos de sangue humano. O ensaio do micronúcleo tem como parâmetro mutagênico a presença de no mínimo 50 células com micronúcleo em uma contagem de 2.000 células por amostra, enquanto o ensaio cometa utiliza como parâmetro o nível de dano e o índice de dano. Os resultados mostram que não foi possível observar mudanças significativas nas células expostas ao extrato aquoso, em ambos os testes, o que sugere não existir evidência de genotoxicidade nas concentrações utilizadas no ensaio

Diphenyl diselenide protects neuronal cells against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction : involvement of the glutathione-dependent antioxidant system

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are critical events in neurodegenerative diseases; therefore, molecules that increase cellular antioxidant defenses represent a future pharmacologic strategy to counteract such conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of (PhSe)2 on mouse hippocampal cell line (HT22) exposed to tert-BuOOH (in vitro model of oxidative stress), as well as to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying this protection. Our results showed that tert-BuOOH caused time- and concentration- dependent cytotoxicity, which was preceded by increased oxidants production and mitochondrial dysfunction. (PhSe)2 pre-incubation significantly prevented these cytotoxic events and the observed protective effects were paralleled by the upregulation of the cellular glutathione-dependent antioxidant system: (PhSe)2 increased GSH levels (> 60%), GPx activity (6.9-fold) and the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes Gpx1 (3.9-fold) and Gclc (2.3-fold). Of note, the cytoprotective effect of (PhSe)2 was significantly decreased when cells were treated with mercaptosuccinic acid, an inhibitor of GPx, indicating the involvement of GPx modulation in the observed protective effect. In summary, the present findings bring out a new action mechanism concerning the antioxidant properties of (PhSe)2. The observed upregulation of the glutathione-dependent antioxidant system represents a future pharmacologic possibility that goes beyond the well-known thiol-peroxidase activity of this compound

Molecular Pathways Associated With Methylmercury-Induced Nrf2 Modulation

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxin that affects particularly the developing brain. Since MeHg is a potent electrophilic agent, a wide range of intracellular effects occur in response to its exposure. Yet, the molecular mechanisms associated with MeHg-induced cell toxicity have yet to be fully understood. Activation of cell defense mechanisms in response to metal exposure, including the up-regulation of Nrf2- (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2)-related genes has been previously shown. Nrf2 is a key regulator of cellular defenses against oxidative, electrophilic and environmental stress, regulating the expression of antioxidant proteins, phase-II xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes as well phase-III xenobiotic transporters. Analogous to other electrophiles, MeHg activates Nrf2 through modification of its repressor Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1). However, recent findings have also revealed that Keap1-independent signal pathways might contribute to MeHg-induced Nrf2 activation and cytoprotective responses against MeHg exposure. These include, Akt phosphorylation (Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn-mediated Nrf2 activation pathway), activation of the PTEN/Akt/CREB pathway and MAPK-induced autophagy and p62 expression. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding Nrf2 up-regulation in response to MeHg exposure, highlighting the modulation of signaling pathways related to Nrf2 activation. The study of these mechanisms is important in evaluating MeHg toxicity in humans, and can contribute to the identification of the molecular mechanisms associated with MeHg exposure

Estado de saúde mental e qualidade de vida das pessoas com deficiência em isolamento social

Introduction: at this critical moment of the COVID -19 pandemic, we observe the social withdrawal and the break from the routine of individuals in society, for people with disabilities who need adequate support and a routine of more intense and effective activities may feel a greater need for care and attention of family support for solving everyday problems. Objective: to identify factors associated with the impact of the pandemic on the quality of life of individuals with disabilities and their caregivers. Methods: a virtual survey was carried out with parents and caregivers of people with disabilities to identify the main factors associated with the impact of the Pandemic on daily life and social relationships between family and community. Results: of the parents and caregivers we had access to and answered the questionnaire, 90% are residents of the ABC region of São Paulo. Their children and adolescents with disabilities are between 4 and 18 years old. The main scores of caregivers on difficulties in care during the pandemic, 70% felt helpless at some point, 17% had difficulties in performing self-care activities, 42% had anguish and fear during the period, 83% have the greatest responsibility for household decisions, and about 50% can share those decisions. Conclusion: the main complaints about the care of people with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic are related to the feeling of fear and anguish that affects decision-making and family relationships, which influences self-care activities and mental health of this population.Introdução: neste momento crítico da pandemia de COVID -19, observamos o afastamento social e a quebra da rotina dos indivíduos na sociedade, para a pessoa com deficiência que necessita de suporte adequado e uma rotina de atividades mais intensas e efetivas podem sentir maior necessidade de cuidado e atenção do suporte familiar para resolução que problemas cotidianos. Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados ao impacto da pandemia na Qualidade de vida dos indivíduos com deficiência e seus cuidadores. Método: foi realizado um inquérito virtual com pais e cuidadores de pessoas com deficiência no para identificar os principais fatores associados ao impacto da Pandemia no cotidiano e nas relações sociais entre família e comunidade. Resultados: dos pais e cuidadores que tivemos acesso e responderam ao questionário, 90% são residentes da região do ABC de São Paulo, suas crianças e adolescentes com deficiência têm entre 4 e 18 anos de idade. As principais pontuações dos cuidadores sobre as dificuldades no cuidado durante a pandemia, 70% se sentiram desamparadas em algum momento, 17% tiveram dificuldades para realizar atividades de autocuidado, 42% tiveram angústias e medo durante o período,83% tem a maior responsabilidade nas decisões do lar, e cerca de 50% conseguem compartilhar tais decisões. Conclusão: das principais queixas para o cuidado da pessoa com deficiência durante a pandemia de COVID-19, estão relacionadas a sensação de medo e angústia que afeta a tomada de decisão e as relações familiares, o que influencia as atividades de autocuidado e na saúde mental desta população