Décomposition d'un Problème de Lot-Sizing Multi-site en Problèmes de Localisation et de Multi-flots

2pNational audienceNous présentons une heuristique de résolution d'un problème difficile de Lot-Sizing à base de relaxation lagrangienne. Les modèles de Lot-Sizing concernent la planification de la production qui exploite les effets de regroupements de tâches en lots. Nous considérons ici, un ensemble de catégories de produits, un ensemble de sites, et un ensemble de périodes. Un site peut être simultanément producteur et demandeur et servir aussi de site de stockage ou encore de transporteur. Pour chaque période, chaque produit et chaque site, nous connaissons la demande. Il s'agit de définir les quantités à stocker et à transférer pour l'ensemble des sites et des demandes sur l'horizon de planification tout en minimisant les coûts de stockage, de transfert et de production et en respectant des contraintes de capacité. Les variables de décision sont les quantités à produire, à stocker, à transporter. Ces quantités sont soumises à des contraintes de capacité

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

Early liver transplantation for severe alcohol-related hepatitis not responding to medical treatment: a prospective controlled study

peer reviewedBackground: Early liver transplantation for severe alcohol-related hepatitis is an emerging treatment option. We aimed to assess the risk of alcohol relapse 2 years after early liver transplantation for alcohol-related hepatitis compared with liver transplantation for alcohol-related cirrhosis after at least 6 months of abstinence. Methods: We conducted a multicentre, non-randomised, non-inferiority, controlled study in 19 French and Belgian hospitals. All participants were aged 18 years or older. There were three groups of patients recruited prospectively: patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis who did not respond to medical treatment and were eligible for early liver transplantation according to a new selection scoring system based on social and addiction items that can be quantified in points (early transplantation group); patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis listed for liver transplantation after at least 6 months of abstinence (standard transplantation group); patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis not responding to medical treatment not eligible for early liver transplantation according to the selection score (not eligible for early transplantation group), this group did not enter any further liver transplantation processes. We also defined a historical control group of patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis unresponsive to medical therapy and non-transplanted. The primary outcome was the non-inferiority of 2-year rate of alcohol relapse after transplantation in the early transplantation group compared with the standard transplantation group using the alcohol timeline follow back (TLFB) method and a prespecified non-inferiority margin of 10%. Secondary outcomes were the pattern of alcohol relapse, 2-year survival rate post-transplant in the early transplantation group compared with the standard transplantation group, and 2-year overall survival in the early transplantation group compared with patients in the not eligible for early transplantation group and historical controls. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01756794. Findings: Between Dec 5, 2012, and June 30, 2016, we included 149 patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis: 102 in the early transplantation group and 47 in the not eligible for early transplantation group. 129 patients were included in the standard transplantation group. 68 patients in the early transplantation group and 93 patients in the standard transplantation group received a liver transplant. 23 (34%) patients relapsed in the early transplantation group, and 23 (25%) patients relapsed in the standard transplantation group; therefore, the non-inferiority of early transplantation versus standard transplantation was not demonstrated (absolute difference 9·1% [95% CI –∞ to 21·1]; p=0·45). The 2-year rate of high alcohol intake was greater in the early transplantation group than the standard transplantation group (absolute difference 16·7% [95% CI 5·8–27·6]) The time spent drinking alcohol was not different between the two groups (standardised difference 0·24 [95% CI −0·07 to 0·55]), but the time spent drinking a large quantity of alcohol was higher in the early transplantation group than the standard transplantation group (standardised difference 0·50 [95% CI 0·17–0·82]). 2-year post-transplant survival was similar between the early transplantation group and the standard transplantation group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·87 [95% CI 0·33–2·26]); 2-year overall survival was higher in the early transplantation group than the not eligible for early transplantation group and historical controls (HR 0·27 [95% CI 0·16–0·47] and 0·21 [0·13–0·32]). Interpretation: We cannot conclude non-inferiority in terms of rate of alcohol relapse post-transplant between early liver transplantation and standard transplantation. High alcohol intake is more frequent after early liver transplantation. This prospective controlled study confirms the important survival benefit related to early liver transplantation for severe alcohol-related hepatitis; and this study provides objective data on survival and alcohol relapse to tailor the management of patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis. Funding: The present study has been granted by the French Ministry of Health—Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique 2010

Evaluation du profil lipidique dans une population de diabétiques de type 2

BREST-BU Médecine-Odontologie (290192102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Micro-mechanical characterization of lead-free solder joints in power electronics

International audienceThe following study is motivated by the need to capture the elasto-viscoplastic behavior of a “real” industrial power module lead-free solder joint. In this work, we carried out a numerical design of experiments in order to forecast the ability of an experimental bending system to identify the specimen material properties. As a proof of principle, the micro-mechanical elastic behavior of power module copper substrates was then characterized thanks to the development of an innovative in-situ micro-mechanical bending test under an optical profilometer. An inverse Finite-Element Method has been applied in order to identify the material properties of test specimens designed directly out of industrial assemblies and not from bulk solder for good representativity. The results show that identified copper Young's modulus values are lower than that of a bulk material. It will be defined as such in the next identificatio n step targeting the solder joint

Caractérisation et typologie des engins et de l’effort de pêche dans le Golfe de Gascogne en période d’échouage des petits cétacés

Plusieurs analyses sont proposées dans ce cadre et en réponse à la saisine : 1) un bilan de l’effort de pêche des navires français en zone CIEM VIII aux engins sensibles aux captures accidentelles sur les périodes hivernales de 2019 à 2021 (entre le 1er décembre et le 31 mars), 2) une cartographie de l’effort de pêche aux engins sensibles sur ces mêmes périodes, 3) une analyse de l’évolution de l’activité halieutique française et étrangère entre 2010 et 2020 avec une attention particulière portée aux périodes hivernales et aux engins sensibles, 4) des premiers éléments sur la problématiques de l’estimation des métriques d’effort de pêche des engins sensibles en particulier des filets, 5) une actualisation de la typologie des navires pratiquant le filet dans la zone CIEM VIII durant les périodes hivernales étendue 2019 et 2020 (entre le 1er décembre et le 31 mai) et enfin 6) une analyse de l’évolution de l’abondance des espèces – proies des cétacés. Selon le niveau de précision disponible dans les données. Par exemple en l’absence de géolocalisation généralisée des navires de pêche, la cartographie des activités de pêche des navires français de moins de 12 mètre n’a pu être réalisée qu’au niveau des rectangles statistiques ICES, niveau insuffisant pour une bonne représentation de l’activité de pêche de ces navires

Multi-Year (2013–2016) PM2.5 Wildfire Pollution Exposure over North America as Determined from Operational Air Quality Forecasts

FireWork is an on-line, one-way coupled meteorology–chemistry model based on near-real-time wildfire emissions. It was developed by Environment and Climate Change Canada to deliver operational real-time forecasts of biomass-burning pollutants, in particular fine particulate matter (PM2.5), over North America. Such forecasts provide guidance for early air quality alerts that could reduce air pollution exposure and protect human health. A multi-year (2013–2016) analysis of FireWork forecasts over a five-month period (May to September) was conducted. This work used an archive of FireWork outputs to quantify wildfire contributions to total PM2.5 surface concentrations across North America. Different concentration thresholds (0.2 to 28 µg/m3) and averaging periods (24 h to five months) were considered. Analysis suggested that, on average over the fire season, 76% of Canadians and 69% of Americans were affected by seasonal wildfire-related PM2.5 concentrations above 0.2 µg/m3. These effects were particularly pronounced in July and August. Futhermore, the analysis showed that fire emissions contributed more than 1 µg/m3 of daily average PM2.5 concentrations on more than 30% of days in the western USA and northwestern Canada during the fire season

Diversity and abundance of deep-pelagic fish on the Bay of Biscay slope (North-East Atlantic) from 56 trawls hauls between 2002 and 2019

The dataset represents the number, the total and the standardized biomass (catch per unit effort) of 94 deep-pelagic fish species collected by pelagic trawling in submarine canyons of the Bay of Biscay slope during the EVHOE scientific cruises on R/V Thalassa in autumn between 2002 and 2019 (https://doi.org/10.18142/8). Fifty-six trawls were conducted at night between 20 m and 2000 m depth. The trawl net was 192 m long with a headline of 76 m and a foot rope of 70 m. The average vertical mean mouth opening was about 24 m and the horizontal opening of about 58 m. The mesh size gradually decreases from very large 8 m meshes at the mouth to 20 mm meshes in the codend. To allow the capture of very small specimens, the trawl is also equipped with a 7.5 m long sock with a 12 mm mesh. The trawl had an average vertical mouth opening of 24 m and a horizontal opening of 58 m. The duration of the haul was 1 hour at 4 kn. The trawl did not have an opening-closing mechanism. Therefore, some individuals might have been caught during the descent and ascent of the gear, however a higher trawl speed on deployment and a low speed on retrieval were implemented to reduce bycatch at shallower depths than the target depth. The biomass per unit effort is standardized by the volume hauled and was calculated by multiplying the vertical and horizontal trawl opening and the distance trawled. Individuals were identified by expert ichthyologists to the species level whenever possible, otherwise they were identified to the genus or family level, especially when individuals were too small or damaged. Species or taxa were counted and most often weighed. When weighing was not possible, an estimate of the average weight of individuals over the whole time series was calculated and the total weight per species was estimated