Uterine lumen fluid is metabolically semi-autonomous

Uterine lumen fluid (ULF) is central to successful pregnancy establishment and maintenance, and impacts offspring wellbeing into adulthood. The current dogma is that ULF composition is primarily governed by endometrial glandular epithelial cell secretions and influenced by progesterone. To investigate the hypothesis that ULF is metabolically semi-autonomous, ULF was obtained from cyclic heifers, and aliquots incubated for various durations prior to analysis by untargeted semi-quantitative metabolomic profiling. Metabolite flux was observed in these ULF isolates, supporting the idea that the biochemical makeup of ULF is semi-autonomously dynamic due to enzyme activities. Subsequent integrative analyses of these, and existing, data predict the specific reactions underpinning this phenomenon. These findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms leading to pregnancy establishment, with implications for improving fertility and pregnancy outcomes in domestic animals as well as women

Arranjo de plantas em trigo: atualização visando aumento no rendimento de grãos.

Orientador: João Leonardo Fernandes Pires

Vegetation sensors as a tool for plant population identification and corn grain yield estimation.

Absract: The estimated corn grain yield is dependent on plant density and should be monitored from the beginning of its development, especially between the phenological stages V3 and V10, since these stages are more responsive to management strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of two methods [normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and plant occupation index (POI)] to estimate the density of corn plants, in order to identify the plant population in different phenological stages and corn grain yield. Two field experiments were conducted in two crop seasons and treatments consisted of four plant densities (4, 6, 8 and 10 plants m-2). The NDVI measurements of the vegetative canopy were performed in the growth stages V4, V5, V6, V7, V8 and V9 (2014) and V3, V5, V6, V8, V9, V10 and V13 (2015/2016). For the POI, the measurements were performed in the stages V5, V6, V8 and V9, in both crop seasons. The different plant densities were efficient in generating variability in the NDVI and POI values throughout the corn crop development cycle, and both tools were efficient in identifying density variations. It was observed that these tools should be used between the V4 and V9 growth stages. KEYWORDS: Zea mays L., normalized difference vegetation index, plant occupation index. Resumo: Sensores de vegetação como ferramenta para identificação de população de plantas e estimativa de produtividade de grãos de milho A produtividade estimada de grãos do milho é dependente a densidade de plantas e deve ser monitorada desde o início de seu desenvolvimento, principalmente entre os estágios fenológicos V3 e V10, visto que são mais responsivos a estratégias de manejo. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de dois métodos [índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI) e índice de ocupação de plantas (POI)] para estimar a densidade de plantas de milho, a fim de identificar a população de plantas em diferentes estádios fenológicos e a produtividade de grãos de milho. Dois experimentos de campo foram conduzidos em duas safras agrícolas e os tratamentos consistiram em quatro densidades de plantas (4, 6, 8 e 10 plantas m-²). As medições de NDVI do dossel vegetativo foram realizadas nos estágios de crescimento V4, V5, V6, V7, V8 e V9 (2014) e V3, V5, V6, V8, V9, V10 e V13 (2015/2016). Para o POI, as medições foram realizadas nos estádios V5, V6, V8 e V9, em ambas as safras. As diferentes densidades de plantas foram eficientes em gerar variabilidade nos valores de NDVI e POI ao longo do ciclo de desenvolvimento da cultura, e ambas as ferramentas foram eficientes para identificar as variações na densidade. Verificou-se que essas ferramentas devem ser utilizadas entre os estádios de crescimento V4 e V9. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Zea mays L., índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada, índice de ocupação de plantas

Conformational changes of calmodulin upon Ca2+ binding studied with a microfluidic mixer

A microfluidic mixer is applied to study the kinetics of calmodulin conformational changes upon Ca2+ binding. The device facilitates rapid, uniform mixing by decoupling hydrodynamic focusing from diffusive mixing and accesses time scales of tens of microseconds. The mixer is used in conjunction with multiphoton microscopy to examine the fast Ca2+-induced transitions of acrylodan-labeled calmodulin. We find that the kinetic rates of the conformational changes in two homologous globular domains differ by more than an order of magnitude. The characteristic time constants are ≈490 μs for the transitions in the C-terminal domain and ≈20 ms for those in the N-terminal domain of the protein. We discuss possible mechanisms for the two distinct events and the biological role of the stable intermediate, half-saturated calmodulin

Using the community psychology competencies to address sexual assault on a college campus

Sexual assault on college campuses is a national issue, with a recent report from the White House estimating that 20% of women will experience a sexual assault during college.  Students at Wichita State University formed a campus organization to bring visibility to both community psychology and address this important problem.  The Community Psychology Association is comprised of both graduate and undergraduate students, and members utilized three community psychology competencies: ecological perspectives, information dissemination/building public awareness, and community organizing and community advocacy in their work to improve resources and campus support for this issue.  Community Psychology Association members utilized focus groups with campus students, faculty, and staff to facilitate discussions on sexual assault, campus safety, and university and administrative accountability.  Content analysis revealed multiple themes that were used to generate a larger campus discussion and promote change in campus policies. As a result of these activities, major changes occurred at Wichita State, including data driven programming for interventions regarding sexual assault, changes in leadership in the offices of Title IX and Student Affairs, support for a CDC grant, and overall increased organizational awareness for sexual assault survivors.  This study highlights the importance of applying community psychology principles and concepts to research and action to ultimately have a positive and tangible impact on the local community

Using the community psychology competencies to address sexual assault on a college campus

Sexual assault on college campuses is a national issue, with a recent report from the White House estimating that 20% of women will experience a sexual assault during college.  Students at Wichita State University formed a campus organization to bring visibility to both community psychology and address this important problem.  The Community Psychology Association is comprised of both graduate and undergraduate students, and members utilized three community psychology competencies: ecological perspectives, information dissemination/building public awareness, and community organizing and community advocacy in their work to improve resources and campus support for this issue.  Community Psychology Association members utilized focus groups with campus students, faculty, and staff to facilitate discussions on sexual assault, campus safety, and university and administrative accountability.  Content analysis revealed multiple themes that were used to generate a larger campus discussion and promote change in campus policies. As a result of these activities, major changes occurred at Wichita State, including data driven programming for interventions regarding sexual assault, changes in leadership in the offices of Title IX and Student Affairs, support for a CDC grant, and overall increased organizational awareness for sexual assault survivors.  This study highlights the importance of applying community psychology principles and concepts to research and action to ultimately have a positive and tangible impact on the local community

Relationship of field and in vitro fertility of dairy bulls with sperm parameters, including DAG1 and SERPINA5 proteins

IntroductionSperm interacts with the female reproductive tract and oocyte through proteins, and these cell-to-cell interactions may play a role in sperm fertility. For consideration of a protein as a potential marker of fertility, there must be variability expressed among animals. The proteins dystroglycan (DAG1) and plasma serine protease inhibitor (SERPINA5) have been reported to play a role in cell-to-cell interactions. Thus, the objectives of this study were to characterize the localization and abundance variability of DAG1 and SERPINA5 in bovine sperm, and to investigate the relationship of DAG1 and SERPINA5 with field fertility (i.e., sire conception rate; SCR), in vitro embryo production (IVP), and sperm parameters.Material and methodsDairy bulls (n = 22) were classified as high-SCR (SCR > 1.0) or low-SCR (SCR < –4.0), and good [blastocyst (BL)-by-cleavage (CL) ratio (BL/CL) > 39%] or poor (BL/CL < 38%) BL/CL. Sperm was evaluated for DAG1 and SERPINA5 immunolocalization, and concentration in two separate ejaculates. Variance between bulls compared with within bulls was evaluated using a generalized linear model (GLM) procedure. The relationship of SCR and IVP classification on DAG1 and SERPINA5 concentrations, percentage of tail labeled for SERPINA5, SCR, sperm total and progressive motility, sperm plasma membrane integrity (PMI), CL, BL, and BL/CL were evaluated with the GLIMMIX procedure, and the correlations between these variables were evaluated.ResultsBoth proteins were localized on the sperm head; however, SERPINA5 was also localized on the sperm tail. There was greater variance in concentration among bulls than within bulls for DAG1 (P < 0.0001; 69.4 vs. 49.1, respectively) and SERPINA5 (P < 0.0001; 325.8 vs. 285.4, respectively). There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of DAG1 and of SERPINA5 (P = 0.01; r = 0.54). In addition, the percentage of tail labeled for SERPINA5 was correlated with PMI (P = 0.05; r = 0.44). There was no relationship between SCR and IVP classifications and DAG1 (P ≥ 0.55), SERPINA5 (P ≥ 0.54), or the percentage of sperm tail labeled for SERPINA5 (P ≥ 0.22).DiscussionIn conclusion, DAG1 and SERPINA5 were localized to the sperm head, and SERPINA 5 was also localized to the tail. Concentrations of DAG1 and SERPINA5 on the sperm head were correlated with each other. The percentage of tail labeled for SERPINA5 was correlated with sperm PMI; however, neither protein was associated with SCR or IVP. Thus, when evaluated by immunofluorescent microscopy, DAG1 and SERPINA5 concentrations are variable and are not good fertility markers for bull sperm

Model for indication of nitrogen fertilization in wheat using vegetation sensor.

This study aimed to develop a model for the indication of topdressing nitrogen fertilization as a function of nutritional N demand using NDVI. Data from field experiments conducted in four regions of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during the 2015, 2017, 2018, and 2019 agricultural years using cultivars with significant sowing areas in the state, were used to construct the model