Note on the theory and practice of the Reichert process

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Inferring epistemic intention in simulated physical microworlds

We explore whether people can recognise the epistemic goal of active learners. In a novel online experiment, 110 adults watched screen recordings of other adults (``players'') manipulating objects in a 2D simulated physical microworld. Players had the goal of either identifying the magnet-like force connecting two of the objects, or their relative masses. Observers were asked to identify the learning goal of the player. By drawing from a previously collected dataset of active physical learning interactions and an ideal observer analysis, we manipulated how informative the players' actions are about the target property, and observers' level of access to the players' micro-control actions. We found observers were better at identifying the goals of successful players and of players trying to identify force, while the micro-dynamic evidence improved accuracy on identifying the mass goal. We use mixed methods to explore what cues observers used to make these judgments

Reaction Textures and Metamorphic Evolution of Sapphirine-bearing Granulites from the Gruf Complex, Italian Central Alps

Mineral chemistries and textures are described from a suite of sapphirine-bearing granulites from the Gruf Complex of the Italian Central Alps. The granulites contain combinations of garnet, orthopyroxene, sapphirine, sillimanite, cordierite, biotite, quartz, spinel, corundum, staurolite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, ilmenite and rutile, in assemblages with low (usually negative) variance. They are outstanding in that they preserve a textural and chemical record of a protracted metamorphic evolution. Reaction textures are common and include: (i) pseudomorphs (e.g. of sillimanite after kyanite); (ii) relatively coarse-grained monomineralic reaction rims (e.g. of cordierite between sapphirine and quartz); (iii) fine-grained symplectitic coronas (e.g. of orthopyroxene + sapphirine round garnet); (iv) inclusions, in garnet cores, of minerals (e.g. staurolite) not found elsewhere in the rocks. Detailed microprobe study has revealed large chemical variations within each phase. Different textural types of each phase have different compositions, and strong zoning is preserved in garnet (Mg/(Mg + Fe) from 0.30 to 0.61) and coarse sapphirine. Inclusion populations in garnet correlate with host composition. The textural and chemical features are interpreted in terms of successive equilibrium assemblages and reactions. Metamorphic conditions operative at each stage in the evolution are calculated using published geothermometers and geobarometers as well as thermodynamically calibrated MAS and FASH equilibria. The results are used to construct a P—T-time path for the sapphirine-granulites, which can be summarized as follows: (i) Increasing T at high P (>7 kb). Partial melting. (ii) A maximum T of ∼830 °C attained at ∼10 kb. (iii) Almost isothermal decompression, reaching 750 °C at ∼5 kb, under conditions of low μH2O. (iv) Further cooling, and decompression. Localized hydration. Rocks exposed. The P—T-time path is interpreted as the product of a single metamorphic cycle (the tertiary ‘Lepontine' event) and is extrapolated to the Gruf Complex as a whole. When combined with published geochronological data, the results indicate an average uplift rate in excess of 2 mm/yr for the Gruf Complex between 38 and 30 Ma ago. An in situ partial melting origin for the sapphirine-granulites is favoured. Extraction of an iron-rich granitic liquid from a normal pelitic palaeosome could generate a refractory residue with the required Mg, Al-rich composition. The change in bulk solid composition during partial melting is thought to account for the extraordinarity strong zoning in the garnet

Syn-metamorphic folding in the Tauern Window, Austria dated by Th-Pb ages from individual allanite porphyroblasts

High-precision 232Th-208Pb dates have been obtained from allanite porphyroblasts that show unambiguous microstructural relationships to fabrics in a major syn-metamorphic fold in the SE Tauern Window, Austria. Three porphyroblasts were analysed from a single garnet mica schist from the Peripheral Schieferhülle in the core of the Ankogel Synform, one of a series of folds which developed shortly before the thermal peak of Alpine epidote-amphibolite facies metamorphism: allanite grain 1 provided two analyses with a combined age of 27.7 ± 0.7 Ma; grain 2, which was slightly bent and fractured during crenulation, provided two analyses with a combined age of 27.7 ± 0.4 Ma; a single analysis from grain 3, which overgrew an already crenulated fabric, gave an age of 28.0 ± 1.4 Ma. The five 232Th-208Pb ages agree within error and define an isochron with an age of 27.71 ± 0.36 Ma (95% confidence level; MSWD = 0.46). The results imply that the crenulation event was in progress in a short interval (<1 Ma) c. 28 Ma, and that the Ankogel Synform was forming at this time. The thermal peak of regional metamorphism in the SE Tauern Window was probably attained shortly after 28 Ma, only c. 5 Ma after eclogite facies metamorphism in the central Tauern Window. Metasediment may contain allanite porphyroblasts with clear-cut microstructural relationships to fabric development and metamorphic crystallization; for such rocks, 232Th-208Pb dating on microsamples offers a powerful geochronological tool

Casein and Caseinogen.

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Organic Food Processing

This session deals with principles and future concepts including the further development of Annex VI of EU regulation 2092/91

Diatom contour analysis using morphological curvature scale spaces

A method for shape analysis of diatoms (single-cell algae with silica shells) based on extraction of features on the contour of the cells by multi-scale mathematical morphology is presented. After building a morphological contour curvature scale space, we present a method for extracting the most prominent features by unsupervised cluster analysis. The number of extracted features matches well with those found visually in 92 % of the 350 diatom images examined