DEFORMATION MICROSTRUCTURE AND TEXTURE EVOLUTION OF {110}<112> Al-0.3wt.%Mn SINGLE CRYSTALS COMPRESSED IN A CHANNEL-DIE

Publié suite au congrès : 10th French-Polish Joint Symposium on Inhomogeneity of Deformation in Materials Univ Paris Sud, Orsay, FRANCE, MAY 19-20, 2008 Pas de DOI : http://www.imim.pl/files/archiwum/Vol1_2009/65-74.pdfInternational audienceCrystal subdivision patterns of microbands have been extensively reported but mostly by studies on only one section, using either TEM or SEM-EBSD. To better correlate substructure with slip patterns a systematic study of the 3D deformation microstructure in a deformed single crystal (i.e. over the 3 perpendicular surfaces) has been carried out. The microstructure and microtexture evolutions during plane strain deformation of high purity single crystals of Al-0.3%wt.Mn alloy with initial ideal and near-brass{110} orientations were characterised by TEM and high resolution FEG-SEM/EBSD after strains of 0.15 and 0.56. These two different techniques enable one to examine the crystal subdivision deformation pattern at different microscopic scales, on the 3 orthogonal sections, i.e. perpendicular to the nominal , and crystallographic directions. Particular attention is paid to a comparison of the microband orientations with the expected slip traces of the 2 active slip systems on all 3 surfaces. It is concluded that the microband boundary alignment corresponds very well to the traces of the crystallographic {111} planes, on which most of the slip occurs

Cis P-tau is induced in clinical and preclinical brain injury and contributes to post-injury sequelae

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by acute neurological dysfunction and asso- ciated with the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and Alzheimer’s disease. We previously showed that cis phosphorylated tau (cis P-tau), but not the trans form, contributes to tau pathology and functional impairment in an animal model of severe TBI. Here we found that in human samples obtained post TBI due to a variety of causes, cis P-tau is induced in cortical axons and cerebrospinal fluid and positively correlates with axonal injury and clinical outcome. Using mouse models of severe or repetitive TBI, we showed that cis P-tau elimination with a specific neutralizing antibody administered immediately or at delayed time points after injury, attenuates the development of neuropathology and brain dysfunction during acute and chronic phases including CTE-like pathology and dysfunction after repetitive TBI. Thus, cis P-tau contributes to short-term and long-term sequelae after TBI, but is effectively neutralized by cis antibody treatment

In the dedicated pursuit of dedicated capital: restoring an indigenous investment ethic to British capitalism

Tony Blair’s landslide electoral victory on May 1 (New Labour Day?) presents the party in power with a rare, perhaps even unprecedented, opportunity to revitalise and modernise Britain’s ailing and antiquated manufacturing economy.* If it is to do so, it must remain true to its long-standing (indeed, historic) commitment to restore an indigenous investment ethic to British capitalism. In this paper we argue that this in turn requires that the party reject the very neo-liberal orthodoxies which it offered to the electorate as evidence of its competence, moderation and ‘modernisation’, which is has internalised, and which it apparently now views as circumscribing the parameters of the politically and economically possible

The third data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey and associated data products

The Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) is an ongoing optical wide-field imaging survey with the OmegaCAM camera at the VLT Survey Telescope. It aims to image 1500 square degrees in four filters (ugri). The core science driver is mapping the large-scale matter distribution in the Universe, using weak lensing shear and photometric redshift measurements. Further science cases include galaxy evolution, Milky Way structure, detection of high-redshift clusters, and finding rare sources such as strong lenses and quasars. Here we present the third public data release (DR3) and several associated data products, adding further area, homogenized photometric calibration, photometric redshifts and weak lensing shear measurements to the first two releases. A dedicated pipeline embedded in the Astro-WISE information system is used for the production of the main release. Modifications with respect to earlier releases are described in detail. Photometric redshifts have been derived using both Bayesian template fitting, and machine-learning techniques. For the weak lensing measurements, optimized procedures based on the THELI data reduction and lensfit shear measurement packages are used. In DR3 stacked ugri images, weight maps, masks, and source lists for 292 new survey tiles (~300 sq.deg) are made available. The multi-band catalogue, including homogenized photometry and photometric redshifts, covers the combined DR1, DR2 and DR3 footprint of 440 survey tiles (447 sq.deg). Limiting magnitudes are typically 24.3, 25.1, 24.9, 23.8 (5 sigma in a 2 arcsec aperture) in ugri, respectively, and the typical r-band PSF size is less than 0.7 arcsec. The photometric homogenization scheme ensures accurate colors and an absolute calibration stable to ~2% for gri and ~3% in u. Separately released are a weak lensing shear catalogue and photometric redshifts based on two different machine-learning techniques.Comment: small modifications; 27 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. Findings Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. Interpretation ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials

The limitations of continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) of aluminium alloys

International audienceAn approximate criterion for true CDRX is proposed for Al alloys bounded at low T by the limited low HAGB mobilities and at high T by high LAGB mobilities. It is shown that the shear mode is particularly important at high T and that conventional shaping processes (hot rolling, forging, extrusion) do not lend themselves to full CDRX. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

New Orientation Formation During Recrystallization of Cold Deformed, High Symmetry Aluminium Bicrystals

International audienceThe crystallography of recrystallization nucleation has been investigated in channel-die deformed pure Al bicrystals with {100}〈011〉/{110}〈001〉, {100}〈001〉/{110}〈011〉 and {100}〈001〉/{110}〈001〉 orientations. The new grain orientations and misorientations were followed by systematic local orientation measurements using SEM and semi-automatic measurements in TEM. The bicrystals were cold deformed by channel-die compression up to true strains of 1.5. During recrystallization annealing, the deformation bands of unstable orientations are the privileged sites for the formation of new grains. These nuclei were misoriented with respect to the orientations identified within the neighbouring deformed areas by α(〈111〉, 〈112〉 or 〈100〉) relations. Grain boundary migration and ‘consumption' of the as-deformed areas was always favoured along directions parallel to the traces of the {111} slip planes that had been most active during deformation as shown in the stable and structurally homogeneous Goss {110}〈001〉 oriented grains. At logarithmic strains below 1–1.5 the grain boundary does not seem to be a specific nucleation site of new grains

Microstructures et textures d'alliages d'aluminium déformés par forgeage croisé (compression multidirectionnelle)

Un nouveau montage de compression multidirectionnelle, dont l'intérêt principal réside dans la bonne maîtrise de la température tout au long de l'essai, a été développé au cours de cette thèse. Des essais de forgeage croisé ont été réalisés sur deux alliages d'aluminium polycristallins (AA 3103 et AlMgScZr) et sur des monocristaux Al-0,3%Mn dans des gammes de températures et de vitesses de déformation assez larges, jusqu'à une déformation cumulée de l'ordre de 3. Ces essais ont été caractérisés en termes de rhéologie, de microstructures et de textures de déformation. Enfin, des simulations de texture (hypothèse de Taylor couplée à une interaction entre grains) ont permis de retrouver et d'expliquer une partie des résultats expérimentaux, notamment la saturation rapide de la contrainte pour les températures inférieures à 200C et l'apparition de trois composantes de forgeage croisé (maille cubique tournée de 45 autour des 3 axes de compression).A new cross-forging device has been developed to enable high strain deformations up to 450C. Its main advantage is the control of the deformation temperature by means of an original flip mechanism which avoids temperature variations between each compression. Cross-forging tests have been carried out on two polycrystalline aluminium alloys (AA 3103 and AlMgScZr) and on Al-0,3%Mn single crystals over large temperature and strain rate ranges, up to a cumulative strain of about 3. The results were characterised in terms of rheology, microstructures and textures, and a comparison with plane strain compression tests established. Original 3D texture simulations (Taylor model combined with a grain interaction scheme) enabled us to explain some experimental results, namely the rapid stress saturation observed for the polycrystalline alloys strained below 200C, and the appearance during the test of three texture components (unit cell flip of 45 around each of the three axes).ST ETIENNE-ENS des Mines (422182304) / SudocSudocFranceF

Suivi de microtextures dans l'aluminium en grande déformation à chaud

Ce travail vise à améliorer la compréhension du développement des textures cristallographiques de déformation dans les alliages d'aluminium, et ainsi améliorer leur modélisation. La méthode originale adoptée consiste à suivre les rotations de grains individuels dans un polycristal en cours de déformation. L'approche expérimentale, nommée "suivi de microtextures", s'appuie sur l'utilisation d'un "échantillon tranché" déformé en compression plane à 400 degrés Celsius, appliquée en plusieurs passes, et de la technique EBSD pour l'analyse des orientations locales des grains sur la surface médiane de l'échantillon au cours de la déformation. 176 grains ont ainsi pu être suivis, jusqu'à une déformation de 1.2. Les données obtenues (classiquement 3000 orientations par grain) donnent accès aux rotations moyennes des grains, lesquelles contribuent directement à la formation de la texture. Elles sont décrites en termes d'angle et d'axe de rotation, mais aussi de chemins de rotation. Les désorientations intragranulaires sont caractérisées et rattachées aux mécanismes d'accomodation des déformations. De plus, un effet d'interaction intergranulaire est mis en évidence afin d'améliorer les modèles. Une large gamme de modèles sont étudiés, notamment le modèle de Taylor et un modèle de type Taylor (RSI). Nous montrons que le modèle de Taylor fournit un accord au premier ordre pour les rotations des grains individuels. Les désaccords peuvent être attribués en partie à l'interaction intergranulaire. Le modèle RSI permet de rendre compte de cette interaction, mais pas suffisamment. Ces données, nouvelles et originales, sont maintenant disponibles pour améliorer les modèles de plasticité cristalline.This work aims to better understand the development of deformation crystallographic textures in aluminium alloys, and thus to improve their modeling. An original method used is to follow the rotations of individual grains in a polycrystal during deformation. The experimental approach, called "microtexture tracking", is based on the use of a "split sample" deformed at 400 Celsius degrees in several passes of plane strain compression, combined with the EBSD technique for the local orientation analysis of the grains on the median surface of the sample during deformation. 176 grains could be followed, up to a strain of 1.2. The data (typically 3000 orientations per grain) provide the average grain rotations, which directly contribute to the texture development. They are described in terms of rotation angle and axis, but also rotation path. In-grain disorientations are characterized and related to strain accommodation mechanisms. Moreover, an effect of grain interaction is examined to extend the modeling accuracy. A wide range of models are studied, notably the Taylor model and a Taylor-type model (RSI). It is shown that the Taylor model provides a first-order agreement for the rotations of the individual grains. The discrepancies can be attributed partly to grain interaction. The RSI model accounts for grain interaction, but not sufficiently. These new and original data are now available to improve crystal plasticity models.ST ETIENNE-ENS des Mines (422182304) / SudocSudocFranceF