Developmental Model of Depression Applied to Prenatal Depression: Role of Present and Past Life Events, Past Emotional Disorders and Pregnancy Stress

Several risk factors for depression during pregnancy have already been established. However, very few studies have conducted a multivariate analysis incorporating both the major predictors of depression in women, in accordance with comprehensive developmental models of depression, and specific stressors associated with the biological and psychosocial state of the mother-to-be.We used a cross-sectional cohort design to analyze the associations between prenatal depression and potential risk factors. 693 French-speaking women with singleton pregnancies at 20-28 weeks' gestation were consecutively recruited at Caen University Hospital. Fifty women with missing values were subsequently excluded from the analysis. Depressive symptoms were assessed on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Risk factors were either extracted from the computerized obstetric records or assessed by means of self-administered questionnaires. The associations between prenatal depression and the potential risk factors were assessed using log-binomial regression models to obtain a direct estimate of relative risk (RR). The following factors were found to be significant in the multivariate analysis: level of education (p<0.001), past psychiatric history (adjusted RR=1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1;2.8, p=0.014), stress related to the health and viability of the fetus (adjusted RR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.6;4.1, p<0.001), and stress related to severe marital conflicts (adjusted RR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.5;3.9, p<0.001) or to serious difficulties at work (adjusted RR=1.6, 95% CI :1.04;2.4, p=0.031). An association was also found with the previous delivery of a child with a major or minor birth defect (adjusted RR=2.0, 95% CI: 1.04;4.0, p=0.038). Univariate analyses revealed a strong association with childhood adversity (parental rejection: RR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.2;2.8, p=0.0055 and family secrets: RR=2.0, 95% CI: 1.2;3.1, p=0.0046) and with lack of partner support (RR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.30;0.84, p=0.0086).Our study identifies several risk factors that could easily be assessed in clinical practice. It draws attention to the impact of previously delivering a child with a birth defect. The association with childhood adversity warrants further study

: groupe d'étude PREMODA

International audienceOBJECTIVES: In agreement with national guidelines published in 2007, limiting duration of expulsive efforts to 30 minutes is a common obstetrical practice in France. In many other countries, there is no fixed limit for pushing duration. The objective of our work is to analyze mode of delivery and neonatal issues according to duration of expulsive efforts. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It is a secondary analysis of an observational prospective study, among low-risk primiparous women, in 138 French maternity units. According to duration of expulsive efforts, we determined proportions of spontaneous and instrumental vaginal deliveries. Then, we analyzed the risk of neonatal asphyxia (defined by p

Análisis de la pesca de atún con palangre en el Golfo de México durante las fases de luna nueva y llena

Data from the long-line fishery in the Gulf of Mexico during 2001 was analyzed with the aim of detecting differences during full and new moon phases. A preference for fishing during new moon is observed although the catches of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares (aimed specie), and of bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, in terms of catch per unit effort (CPUE), was similar in both periods. In addition catches of sailfish, Istiophorus albicans, swordfish, Xiphias gladius, and marlins (Makaira and Tetrapturus) were also analyzed, all as a group. Differences are detected with billfishes (incidental catch with commercial value), detecting higher CPUE values during full moon, although significant differences were observed only in the case of swordfishes (P=0.005). Two areas of high effort concentration were detected (one of them relatively coastal). During new moon both areas had high effort concentrations; however, with full moon effort was concentrated only in the coastal area. Both zones are located in deep waters, off the continental platformSe analizó información de la pesca con palangre del Golfo de México durante el 2001, con la finalidad de detectar las diferencias en la pesca durante las fases de luna llena y luna nueva. Se observó que hay una preferencia a pescar en luna nueva, aunque la captura de atún aleta amarilla, Thunnus albacares (especie objetivo) y la de atún aleta azul, Thunnus thynnus, en términos de captura por unidad de esfuerzo (CPUE), no mostró diferencias. Se analizó además la captura de pez vela, Istiophorus albicans, pez espada, Xiphias gladius, y marlines en conjunto (géneros Makaira y Tetrapturus). Con los peces picudos (captura incidental de más valor comercial) generalmente se observaron diferencias, con una CPUE mayor durante la fase de luna llena, sin embargo sólo en el caso del pez espada hubo diferencias significativas (P=0.005). Se observó que la pesca se concentra en dos zonas, una de ellas muy alejada de la costa. En luna nueva las dos áreas tienen alta concentración de esfuerzo, a diferencia de la fase de luna llena, cuando esa concentración de esfuerzo sólo se observó en la zona costera. Ambas zonas se localizan en aguas profundas fuera de la plataforma continental

Clinical impact of the disposable ventouse iCup® versus a metallic vacuum cup: a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Experimental Protocole. (DOCX 55 kb

"Preferred reading" of Legal Texts

In the 1970s, British cultural theorist Stuart Hall introduced a concept known as preferred reading. It combines the ideological influence of mass media and dominant ways of understanding any text. This article focuses on mass media as a source of ideological background or context of legal interpretation and of any reading of legal texts. Law operates in culture and culture represents limitations in the law, according to the needs of dominant ideology. Culture introduces structures of domination which manipulate law. An important role is also given to popular culture and mass culture. These parts of the culture industry create borders in which the recipients (audience) think of law. Through mass media – rather than through other channels – dominant ideology infiltrates law. Legal consciousness is formed by dominant cultural frames formed by dominant ideology. Through this formation of mass media, law becomes a commodity. It shares the same values or contents as that of cultural industry and is the place where the theory of preferred reading can be introduced. According to the aforementioned theory, there are methods of interpretation that are more accurate than others are. This is simply because they lead to a result that is more preferred by ‘common opinion’ disseminated by mass culture.V roce 1970, britský kulturní teoretik Stuart Hall představil koncept známý jako preferovaného čtení. Ten v sobě spojuje ideologický vliv masových médií a dominantní způsoby chápání jakéhokoli textu. Tento článek se zaměřuje masová média jako zdroj ideologického pozadí nebo kontextu právního výkladu. Právo působí v kultuře a kultura představuje omezení právo dle potřeb dominantní ideologie. Kultura vytváří struktury dominace, které manipulují právem. Důležitou roli také sehrává populární a masová kultura. Tyto části kulturního průmyslu vytváří hranice, ve kterých příjemci (publikum) uvažují o právu. Prostřednictvím masových médií - spíše než prostřednictvím jiných kanálů - dominantní ideologie infiltruje právo. Právní vědomí je tvořeno dominantními kulturními rámci vytvořenými dominantní ideologií. Prostřednictvím této formace vytvářené masovými médii se právo stává komoditou. Sdílí proto stejné hodnoty, nebo obsah jaké definuje kulturní průmysl. Proto lze i v právním kontextu uvažovat o tzv. preferovaném čtení. Proto lze identifikovat paradigmata výkladu, které jsou mnohem "použeitelnější" než jiné, protože vedou k očekávaným výsledkům. K výsledkům, které odpovídají očekávání masového publika.In the 1970s, British cultural theorist Stuart Hall introduced a concept known as preferred reading. It combines the ideological influence of mass media and dominant ways of understanding any text. This article focuses on mass media as a source of ideological background or context of legal interpretation and of any reading of legal texts. Law operates in culture and culture represents limitations in the law, according to the needs of dominant ideology. Culture introduces structures of domination which manipulate law. An important role is also given to popular culture and mass culture. These parts of the culture industry create borders in which the recipients (audience) think of law. Through mass media – rather than through other channels – dominant ideology infiltrates law. Legal consciousness is formed by dominant cultural frames formed by dominant ideology. Through this formation of mass media, law becomes a commodity. It shares the same values or contents as that of cultural industry and is the place where the theory of preferred reading can be introduced. According to the aforementioned theory, there are methods of interpretation that are more accurate than others are. This is simply because they lead to a result that is more preferred by ‘common opinion’ disseminated by mass culture

Search for an Association between V249I and T280M CX3CR1 Genetic Polymorphisms, Endothelial Injury and Preeclampsia: The ECLAXIR Study

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia and coronary-artery disease share risk factors, suggesting common pathophysiological mechanisms. CX3CR1/CX3CL1 mediates leukocyte migration and adhesion and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory diseases. M280/I249 variants of CX3CR1 are associated with an atheroprotective effect and reduced endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to search for an association between V249I and T280M polymorphisms of CX3CR1, preeclampsia and endothelial dysfunction. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We explored these polymorphisms with real-time polymerase chain reaction in a case-control study (184 white women with preeclampsia and 184 matched normotensive pregnant women). Endothelial dysfunction biomarkers including von Willebrand factor, VCAM-1 and thrombomodulin, as well as the soluble form of CX3CL1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The I249 and M280 alleles were associated neither with preeclampsia, nor with its more severe form or with endothelial injury. In contrast, we found a trend toward increased CX3CL1 levels in preeclampsia patients, especially in early-onset- preeclampsia as compared to its level in later-onset- preeclampsia. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first study to characterize the CX3CR1 gene polymorphisms in patients with preeclampsia. We found no differences in genotype or haplotype frequencies between patients with PE and normal pregnancies, suggesting that maternal CX3CR1 V249I and T280M polymorphisms do not increase susceptibility to preeclampsia. Further studies should be performed to directly evaluate the pathophysiological role of CX3CL1, a molecule abundantly expressed in endometrium, which has been shown to stimulate human trophoblast migration

Colonial refractions: the 'Gypsy camp' as a spatio-racial political technology

Camps for civilians first appeared in the colonies. Largely drawing on the literature on colonialism and race, this article conceptualizes the 'Gypsy camp' in Western European cities as a spatio-racial political technology. We first discuss the shift, starting with decolonization, from colonial to metropolitan technologies of the governance of social heterogeneity. We then relate this broad historical framing to the ideas and ideologies that since the 1960s have been underpinning the planning and governance of the ‘Gypsy camp' in both the UK and Italy. We document the 1970s emergence of a new and distinctive type of camp that was predicated upon a racially connoted tension between policies criminalizing sedentarization and ideologies of cultural protection. Given that the imposition of the ‘Gypsy camp' was essentially uncontested, we argue that the conditions of possibility for it to emerge and become institutionalized were both a spatio-racial similarity with typically colonial technologies of governance, and the fact that it was largely perceived as a self-evident necessity for the governance and control of one specific population. We conclude by calling for more analyses on this and other forms of urban confinement in both the Global North and South, in order to account for the increasingly disquieting mushrooming of confining and controlling governance devices, practices and ideologies