An under studied co-relation of diabetes and lung function

The World Health Organization estimates that more than 180 million people worldwide have diabetes, and by 2030 it is expected that this number will have doubled. There is an alarming increase in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Asian Indians. Epidemiology of Diabetes in India. The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly rising all over the globe at an alarming rate . Over the past 30 years, the status of diabetes has changed from being considered as a mild disorder of the elderly to one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality affecting the youth and middle aged people. Pulmonary function test (PFT) is a complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history, physical examinations, and tests of pulmonary function. with insulin-dependent diabetes compared with age-matched control subjects, all lifelong non-smokers. Lung CO transfer capacity is significantly affected by the integrity of lung capillary endothelium and, therefore, the findings of Sandler et al. focused attention on pulmonary vascular changes. The concept of the lung as a target organ for diabetic microangiopathy received continuing attention. Reports of lung function tests in patients with diabetes over the next 15 years have focused largely on pulmonary microangiopathy with relatively few studies of pulmonary mechanical function which leads to a restrictive lung pattern. Diabetes and Lung Function Test : Some studies showed that all the pulmonary parameters, that is, FVC, FEV1, FEF25, FEF50, FEF75, FEF25–75, FEF0.2–1.2, and PEFR were significantly reduced except FEV1/FVC in patients of type 2 DM as compared with the healthy controls. It can be concluded from our narrative review that the Type II or Type I diabetes is definitely having decreased lung functions assessed by spirometry not only because of diabetic complications like pneumonia or other but also due to long term effect of diabetes may be because of micro-angiopathy or decreased elastic recoil capacity of lungs.

Citra Tubuh Pada Remaja Putri Menikah Dan Memiliki Anak

Fenomena remaja putri yang menikah dan memiliki anak sudah lazim bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Remaja putri, dalam kaitannya dengan masa pertumbuhan masih tengah tumbuh untuk mencapai kematangan fisik dan mental. Namun, bagi remaja putri yang sudah menikah dan memiliki anak tengah dihadapkan pada keadaan yang berbeda. Remaja putri yang memiliki anak, mengalami keadaan yang umumnya terjadi pada perempuan dewasa, seperti tidak lagi perawan, mengandung, melahirkan anak, menyusui, dan mungkin naiknya berat badan pasca melahirkan. Keadaan tersebut memungkinkan terjadinya perbedaan sikap mental, terutama cara pandang remaja putri terhadap tubuhnya sendiri atau yang biasa disebut dengan citra tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan gambaran citra tubuh dan faktor-faktor yang merupakan pembentukan citra tubuh pada remaja putri menikah yang memiliki anak. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan bentuk studi kasus. Karakteristik subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja putri berusia 20 tahun dan telah menikah dan memiliki seorang anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gambaran citra tubuh yang positif pada subjek berdasarkan tiga (3) komponen yang dimiliki subjek. Subjek secara umum tepat mempersepsikan tubuhnya, memiliki sikap puas dan tidak memiliki kecemasan pada tubuhnya, serta tidak menghindari aktivitas yang menunjukkan bentuk tubuhnya. Faktor pembentukan citra tubuh pada subjek adalah siklus hidup, konsep diri, sosialisasi, peran gender, dan distorsi citra tubuh

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Air Pollutants in the Province of Ferrara, Northern Italy: An Ecological Study

The etiopathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is still largely unknown, but likely depends on gene-environment interactions. Among the putative sources of environmental exposure are air pollutants and especially heavy metals. We aimed to investigate the relationship between ALS density and the concentration of air pollution heavy metals in Ferrara, northern Italy. An ecological study was designed to correlate the map of ALS distribution and that of air pollutants. All ALS cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2017 (Ferrara University Hospital administrative data) were plotted by residency in 100 sub-areas, and grouped in 4 sectors: urban, rural, northwestern and along the motorway. The concentrations of silver, aluminium, cadmium, chrome, copper, iron, manganese, lead, and selenium in moss and lichens were measured and monitored in 2006 and 2011. Based on 62 ALS patients, a strong and direct correlation of ALS density was observed only with copper concentrations in all sectors and in both sexes (Pearson coefficient (ρ) = 0.758; p = 0.000002). The correlation was higher in the urban sector (ρ = 0.767; p = 0.000128), in women for the overall population (ρ = 0.782, p = 0.000028) and in the urban (ρ = 0.872, p = 0.000047) population, and for the older cohort of diagnosed patients (2000-2009) the assessment correlated with the first assessment of air pollutants in 2006 (ρ = 0.724, p = 0.008). Our data is, in part, consistent with a hypothesis linking copper pollution to ALS

Risk Factor Analysis of Bird Beak Occurrence after Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair

ObjectivesThe aim was to analyze the role played by anatomy and stent graft in the incidence of incomplete apposition to aortic arch.MethodsBetween 2007 and 2014 data including available and suitable computed tomographic angiography (CTA) imaging of patients who had undergone thoracic endovascular aortic repair were reviewed. The study included 80 patients (65 men, 54 ± 21 years) treated for traumatic aortic rupture (n = 27), thoracic aortic aneurysm (n = 15), type B aortic dissection (n = 24), penetrating aortic ulcer (n = 5), intramural hematoma (n = 2), aorto-oesophageal fistula (n = 2), and aortic mural thrombus (n = 5). Pre- and post-operative CTA images were analyzed to characterize bird beak in terms of length and angle, and to calculate aortic angulation within a 30 mm range at the proximal deployment zone.ResultsBird beak configuration was detected in 46 patients (57%): mean stent protrusion length was 16 mm (range: 8–29 mm) and mean bird beak angle was 20° (range: 7–40°). The bird beak effect was significantly more frequent after traumatic aortic rupture treatment (p = .05) and in landing zone 2 (p = .01). No influence of either stent graft type or generation, or degree of oversizing was observed (p = .29, p = .28, p = .81 respectively). However, the mean aortic angle of patients with bird beak was higher in the Pro-form group than that in the Zenith TX2 group (62° vs. 48°, p = .13). Multivariate analysis identified the aortic angle of the deployment zone as the unique independent risk factor of malapposition (HR = 1.05, 95% CI 1–1.10, p = .005). The cutoff value of 51° was found to be predictive of bird beak occurrence with a sensitivity of 58% and a specificity of 85%.ConclusionsAssessment of proximal landing zone morphology to avoid deployment zones generating an aortic angle of over 50° can be recommended to improve aortic curvature apposition with the current available devices

Gender Mainstreaming and Impact of Self-Help Groups: A Study on Social Entrepreneurship through Fish Aggregating Devices in Mannancheri of Alappuzha, Kerala

A research study for assessing the impact of fisher folk Self Help Groups in gender mainstreaming was undertaken on social entrepreneurship venture on fish aggregating devices at Mannancheri gramapanchayath, located at Alappuzha district of Kerala. The analysis included specific aspects such as performance assessment of the SHGs, gender analysis and empowerment analysis which were carried out based on socio-economic surveys and personal interviews using pre-tested and structured data gathering protocols with standardized scales and indices involving the members of the SHGs. The male and female counterparts of the families were separately interviewed to assess the gender mainstreaming aspects in terms of equity and equality to access to resources, participation profile, decision making aspects, gender need analysis etc. Though majority of activities are male dominated, the female counterparts of the households also have definite role in decision making, purchase of accessories etc. A success case study was elucidated and documented as a documentary which can be used as a case model for promoting group action for mobilizing SHGs on a sustainable basis

KAJIAN TARIF ANGKUTAN UMUM PENUMPANG DI PULAU KARAKELANG

Angkutan Umum adalah salah satu moda transportasi yang menghubungkan kawasan yang satu dengan yang lain. Hal ini menjadikan angkutan umum urat nadi dalam suatu pembangunan daerah. Angkutan umum yang terintegrasi, aman, nyaman dan murah menjadi primadona masyarakat yang menggunakannya. Pemerintah sebagai regulator dituntut untuk bisa menghadirkan jasa angkutan yang aman, nyaman dan murah. Masyarakat di Pulau Karakelang mengenal angkutan umum dengan sebutan angkutan desa. Angkutan desa sangat membantu masyarakat dalam melakukan perjalanan, baik internal maupun eksternal kota yang berada di Pulau Karakelang.Jenis angkutan desa sebagai sarana tranpostasi meliputi kendaraan  Bus, mini Bus (Xenia, Avanza, Gran Max) dan pick up (Mitsubshi L300). Adanya Mitsubshi L300 sebagai angkutan pedesaan atau yang disebut di Talaud mobil Pato-Pato sangat membantu masyarakat dalam melakukan perjalanan ke kota kecamatan, barang bisa dimuat bersama penumpang sehingga dianggap sangat praktis dan biaya tarif juga lebih murah.Penentuan besaran tarif angkutan umum oleh dinas terkait menjadi titik vital agar pengguna angkutan tidak merasa dirugikan dan pemilik angkutan umum tidak merugi. Metode Forum Studi Transportasi Perguruan Tinggi (FSTPT) dan Metode Dinas Lalu Lintas Angkutan Jalan (DLLAJ) merupakan metode untuk menganalisa besaran Biaya Operasi Kendaraan (BOK) yang meliputi beberapa komponen biaya antara lain biaya bahan bakar, oli dan suku cadang yang harus dikeluarkan oleh pemilik angkutan dan bisa menentukan besaran tarif yang sesuai.Penelitian ini mengkaji tarif angkutan umum penumpang yang beroperasi di Pulau Karakelang dengan metode DLLAJ dan FSTPT. Saat ini tarif yang berlaku untuk angkutan umum penumpang di Pulau Karakelang dipengaruhi oleh jarak tempuhnya. Tarif yang diberlakukan saat ini untuk  Essang-Beo Rp. 39.700; Pulutan-Beo Rp. 21.700;dan trayek Rainis-Beo Rp. 12.500. Analisa tarif dengan metode FSTPT didapat rata-rata untuk trayek Essang-Beo Rp. 25.773; Pulutan-Beo Rp 21.188; dan trayek Rainis-Beo Rp. 6.568. Sedang dari analisa tarif dengan metode DLLAJ didapat rata-rata untuk trayek Essang-Beo Rp. 37.917; Pulutan-Beo Rp. 20.157; dan trayek Rainis-Beo Rp. 7.930. Selisih tarif eksisting dengan Metode FSTPT trayek Essang-Beo Rp. 13.927; trayek Pulutan-Beo Rp. 512; dan trayek Rainis-Beo Rp. 5.932. Sedang selisih tarif eksisting dengan Metode DLLAJ trayek Essang-Beo Rp. 1.783; trayek Pulutan-Beo Rp. 1.534; dan trayek Rainis-Beo Rp. 4.570. Tarif menurut SK Bupati no 37 tahun 2014 sama dengan tarif Metode DLLAJ karena memperhitungkan biaya yang berkaitan langsung dengan kendaraan,Dari hasil penelitian didapat bahwa tarif yang berlaku di Pulau Karakelang sudah sesuai dengan metode DLLAJ dan FSTPT untuk angkutan umum penumpang. Kata Kunci: Pulau Karakelang, tarif, angkutan umum, moda transportasi, traye

Anti-Lipid Peroxidation Activities of Three Selected Fruits Juices Against Cadmium Induced Liver Damage in Vitro

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metal. Numerous tissues both in vitro and in vivo suggest that Cd induced lipid peroxidation. The presence of antioxidant can inhbit this process. This present study was designed to determine the effects of mango, papaya, and banana juices on on malondi aldehyde levels (MDA, product of cellular lipid peroxidation) during Cd exposure in vitro. Significant differences was observed between three selected fruits juices and MDA levels and also between concentration of fruits juices and MDA levels. The highest correlation was found between banana juices and MDA levels with IC50 1,12, and followed by papaya and mango juices with IC 50 1,37 and 3,87 respectively. The findings of this study suggest that the three selected fruits juices may exert its protective action against Cd-induced lipid peroxidation in liver homogenate in vitro possibly through its antioxidant mechanism.Key WordCadmium, Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Activity and Fruits Juice

Abundance of Delta Resonances in 58Ni+58Ni Collisions between 1 and 2 AGeV

Charged pion spectra measured in 58Ni-58Ni collisions at 1.06, 1.45 and 1.93 AGeV are interpreted in terms of a thermal model including the decay of Delta resonances. The transverse momentum spectra of pions are well reproduced by adding the pions originating from the Delta-resonance decay to the component of thermal pions, deduced from the high transverse momentum part of the pion spectra. About 10 and 18% of the nucleons are excited to Delta states at freeze-out for beam energies of 1 and 2 AGeV, respectively.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX with 3 included figures; submitted to Physics Letters

Stopping and Radial Flow in Central 58Ni + 58Ni Collisions between 1 and 2 AGeV

The production of charged pions, protons and deuterons has been studied in central collisions of 58Ni on 58Ni at incident beam energies of 1.06, 1.45 and 1.93 AGeV. The dependence of transverse-momentum and rapidity spectra on the beam energy and on the centrality of the collison is presented. It is shown that the scaling of the mean rapidity shift of protons established for AGS and SPS energies is valid down to 1 AGeV. The degree of nuclear stopping is discussed; the IQMD transport model reproduces the measured proton rapidity spectra for the most central events reasonably well, but does not show any sensitivity between the soft and the hard equation of state (EoS). A radial flow analysis, using the midrapidity transverse-momentum spectra, delivers freeze-out temperatures T and radial flow velocities beta_r which increase with beam energy up to 2 AGeV; in comparison to existing data of Au on Au over a large range of energies only beta_r shows a system size dependence