Efect of bovine milk addition to buffalo's milk on different characteristics of artisanal Marajó "cream cheese" type.

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Agricultura irrigada: desafios e oportunidades para o desenvolvimento sustentável.

RESUMO: O livro está organizado em cinco partes. A parte I trás cinco capítulos técnicos, sendo os três primeiros sobre a agricultura irrigada no Brasil e os dois últimos sobre a agricultura irrigada na Espanha e na Austrália, respectivamente. O capítulo I apresenta uma abordagem geral e ampla sobre agricultura irrigada e aponta caminhos para a produção sustentável de alimento. O capítulo II destaca a evolução da irrigação no Brasil e no mundo. O capítulo III apresenta os desafios e oportunidades da agricultura irrigada no Nordeste do Brasil. O capítulo IV destaca as boas práticas e lições aprendidas da irrigação na Espanha e, por fim, no último capítulo técnico, apresenta-se uma visão da agricultura irrigada na Austrália. A parte II do livro apresenta o resumo das palestras que compuseram as mesas do seminário. Na primeira mesa abordou-se o estado da arte da agricultura irrigada no Brasil. A segunda mesa tratou dos desafios e das oportunidades para o desenvolvimento da agricultura irrigada e a mesa três apresentou experiências nos Estados Unidos, na Espanha e na Austrália. A parte III do livro apresenta os resultados das oficinas de pesquisa/inovação e de capacitação. As oficinas foram um momento importante do Seminário e constituíram-se em um tempo para se aprofundar nos debates, esclarecer dúvidas e de contribuir para os temas. Nelas, com a participação de representantes de várias instituições de diferentes partes do país, foram debatidas e priorizadas ações para pesquisa/inovação e capacitação para esses dois temas, que são estratégicos para o setor. A parte IV do livro apresenta a Carta de Frutal, por uma Política de Agricultura Irrigada Fortalecida e Sustentável, que foi elaborada durante o Seminário. A carta apresenta várias diretrizes para o desenvolvimento da agricultura irrigada e as bases para o fortalecimento legal e institucional do setor. Ela trouxe também contribuições para o processo de criação da Secretaria Nacional de Irrigação, no âmbito do Ministério da Integração Nacional. A parte V do livro apresenta as bases para o fortalecimento da agricultura irrigada. Apresenta algumas ações estratégicas, um breve resumo da 3ª Reunião Ordinária do Fórum Permanente de Desenvolvimento da Agricultura Irrigada e um breve relato sobre a Secretaria Nacional de Irrigação. Chama-se a atenção para o fato de que os capítulos técnicos foram atualizados, visando representar de forma mais coerente às transformações ocorridas na agricultura irrigada desde a realização do seminário até a publicação do livro. As demais partes do livro representam os fatos discutidos durante o Seminário. Embora se tenha passado um longo período desde a realização do seminário até a publicação do livro, os editores têm plena confiança de que o material contido nessa obra é atual e contribuirá de forma importante para o desenvolvimento da agricultura irrigada no país (Os Editores). CONTEÚDO: Parte I, Capítulos Técnicos: Capítulo 1, Agricultura Irrigada e Produção Sustentável de Alimento. Capítulo 2, Evolução da Irrigação no Brasil e no Mundo. Capítulo 3, A Agricultura Irrigada no Nordeste do Brasil: estado da arte, desafios e oportunidades. Capítulo 4, El Regadío en España: buenas prácticas y lecciones aprendidas. Capítulo 5, Overview of Irrigated Agriculture in Australia. Parte II, Resumo das Palestras: Mesa 1, O Estado da Arte na Agricultura Irrigada no Brasil. Mesa 2, Desafios e Oportunidades para o Desenvolvimento da Agricultura Irrigada. Mesa 3, Experiência Internacional na Agricultura Irrigada. Parte III, Oficinas Temáticas: Pesquisa / Inovação e Capacitação na Agricultura Irrigada. Parte IV, Carta de Frutal, MG. Parte V, Bases para o Fortalecimento da Agricultura Irrigada.bitstream/item/168474/1/Agricultura-Irrigada.pd

Preparing multicomponent snack bars based on tapioca flour, Brazil nut, and regional fruits.

This study aimed to develop and assess the physicoche-mical, sensory parameters, and shelf life estimation of multicomponent snack bars based on tapioca flour, Brazil nut, and açaí or cupuassu pulp. The physicochemical composition of açaí- and cupuassu-flavored snack bars had, respectively, 0.92 and 0.99% ash, 19.22 and 17.02% lipids, 3.02 and 3.03% protein, 1.06 and 1.69% fiber, and 448 and 436 kcal/100 g energy value. The shear stress test showed the consumer needs to bite more strongly to break the açaí-flavored bar. The opposite was observed in the hardness test, in which the bite compression force during mastication was greater for the cupuassu-flavored bar. The bars had water activity below 0.6, which deno-tes microbiological stability. The sensory analysis ranked the bars between ?liked slightly? and ?liked very much,? which was confirmed by the acceptability index above 75% for all attributes assessed. According to the results a significant increase in water activity over storage was observed suggest the packaging used in the tests did not present a satisfactory barrier to water vapor permeability. Only water activity was used to estimate shelf life, which was determined as 58 days and 49 days for the açaí- and cupuassu-flavored bars, respectively. Thus, the snack bars represent an alternative for athletes as well as individuals with celiac disease since they are gluten fre

Resistance of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), to cypermethrin in outbreak areas in Midwestern Brazil.

Population explosions of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) have become a serious concern for livestock producers near sugarcane mills in some regions of Brazil due to the insect?s massive reproduction on sugarcane byproducts and waste. Despite the limited efficiency of insecticides for controlling stable fly outbreaks, producers still rely on chemical control to mitigate the alarming infestations in affected areas. This study evaluated the susceptibility of S. calcitrans populations to cypermethrin in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Stable flies were tested from three field populations and two colonies, established from flies previously collected at sugarcane mills. Wild flies were collected with Nzi traps in areas of sugarcane plantations. Both wild and colonized flies were exposed to eleven concentrations of cypermethrin in impregnated filter paper bioassays. All the populations proved to be resistant to cypermethrin, with resistance factors among field populations ranging from 6.8 to 38.6. The intensive use of insecticides has led to the development of pyrethroid resistance in stable fly populations in the proximities of sugarcane mills in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul

Physicochemical properties of Butter cheese from Marajó manufactured with buffalo milk and cow milk.

This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, texture and color parameters of the artisanal Butter cheese from Marajó, manufactured with partial substitution of buffalo milk for cow milk. Four formulations were elaborated: B100 (100% buffalo milk); B80 (80% buffalo milk + 20% cow milk); B70 (70% buffalo milk + 30% cow milk) and B60 (60% buffalo milk + 40% cow milk). Three replicates were performed. The partial substitution of 20%, 30% and 40% of buffalo milk caused the reduction of fat in 16.2%, 21.6% and 25.4%, and protein in 5.2%, 5.7%, and 6%, respectively, with decrease of elasticity, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness, but had no influence on the hardness. Moisture had significant and strongly negative correlation with elasticity, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness. Fat and protein had significant and strongly positive correlations with elasticity, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness. Significant differences were found for color variables L*, a*, b* and ho. The increase in cow milk concentration increased the yellowgreenish tonality, with an emphasis in yellow tones

Isolation of Surfactant-Resistant Pseudomonads from the Estuarine Surface Microlayer

Bioremediation efforts often rely on the application of surfactants to enhance hydrocarbon bioavailability. However, synthetic surfactants can sometimes be toxic to degrading microorganisms, thus reducing the clearance rate of the pollutant. Therefore, surfactant-resistant bacteria can be an important tool for bioremediation efforts of hydrophobic pollutants, circumventing the toxicity of synthetic surfactants that often delay microbial bioremediation of these contaminants. In this study, we screened a natural surfactant-rich compartment, the estuarine surface microlayer (SML), for cultivable surfactant-resistant bacteria using selective cultures of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Resistance to surfactants was evaluated by colony counts in solid media amended with critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of either surfactants, in comparison with non-amended controls. Selective cultures for surfactant-resistant bacteria were prepared in mineral medium also containing CMC concentrations of either CTAB or SDS. The surfactantresistant isolates obtained were tested by PCR for the Pseudomonas genus marker gacA gene and for the naphthalene-dioxygenase-encoding gene ndo. Isolates were also screened for biosurfactant production by the atomized oil assay. A high proportion of culturable bacterioneuston was tolerant to CMC concentrations of SDS or CTAB. The gacA-targeted PCR revealed that 64% of the isolates were Pseudomonads. Biosurfactant production in solid medium was detected in 9.4% of tested isolates, all affiliated with genus Pseudomonas. This study shows that the SML is a potential source of surfactant-resistant and biosurfactant-producing bacteria in which Pseudomonads emerge as a relevant group

Assessment of the biofuel production potential from phytoremediation sunflower biomass

There are presently more than 3 million contaminated sites all over EU, according to the EEA (report 25186 EN). Heavy metal contamination is of particular concern, as metals are not degradable. Phytoremediation is gaining attention from the public and is an attractive low cost alternative for soil requalification, by establishing a vegetation cover which will stabilize the site, avoiding dispersion of contamination and simultaneously removing pollutants. Although the fate of harvested biomass is a common obstacle for its implementation, it may represent an opportunity for producing energy. This work presents a novel integrated strategy comprising the utilization of all plant parts for the generation of biodiesel. Combinations of sunflower and plant growth promoting microbiota were assessed growing in agricultural and metal contaminated soils. Harvested plant tissues were analysed and it was possible to observe that accumulation of Zn and Cd was made mainly in the roots, followed by the stems and the flowers, with the values registered for plants grown in contaminated soils being higher than the reported phytotoxic levels described in literature. Also, plants grown in the agricultural soil presented higher biomass rates. Sunflower seeds were then used for oil extraction and it was possible to observe efficiencies of up to 20 ml oil/m2, with only the oil from plants grown in industrial soil presenting levels of 1.8 mg Zn/l. Plant stems were used for bioethanol fermentation with yields of up to 280 and 162 ml/m2 for plants growing respectively in agricultural and industrial soils. Once again only plants grown in the industrial soil presented detectable levels of 1.1 mg Zn/l (and no Cd).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Efeito da adição de leite bovino ao leite de búfala nas diferentes características do queijo artesanal do Marajó, tipo creme.

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar os efeitos da substituição parcial do leite bubalino por leite de vaca, nas características físico-químicas, de textura, cor e nos parâmetros sensoriais do queijo artesanal do Marajó tipo Creme, tradicionalmente elaborado com leite de búfala. Quatro queijos foram elaborados com as seguintes formulações: C100 (100% leite de búfala); C80 (80% leite de búfala + 20% leite de vaca); C70 (70% leite de búfala + 30% leite de vaca) e C60 (60% leite de búfala + 40% leite de vaca). Três repetições foram realizadas. Os resultados analíticos da composição (umidade, proteína, gordura, minerais e acidez); dos parâmetros de textura (dureza, elasticidade, coesividade, mastigabilidade) e dos atributos de cor (L*, a*, b*, C*, ho) foram significativamente diferentes entre as formulações. Por outro lado, a presença do leite de vaca não ocasionou alterações nos atributos sensoriais. Com base nos resultados desse estudo, concluiu-se que a adição de até 40% de leite bovino na elaboração do queijo tipo Creme não afeta a sua aceitação pelo consumidor, permitindo um abastecimento do mercado em períodos de entressafra, quando a produção do leite bubalino diminui

Height-diameter allometry of tropical forest trees

Tropical tree height-diameter (H:D) relationships may vary by forest type and region making large-scale estimates of above-ground biomass subject to bias if they ignore these differences in stem allometry. We have therefore developed a new global tropical forest database consisting of 39 955 concurrent H and D measurements encompassing 283 sites in 22 tropical countries. Utilising this database, our objectives were: 1. to determine if H:D relationships differ by geographic region and forest type (wet to dry forests, including zones of tension where forest and savanna overlap). 2. to ascertain if the H:D relationship is modulated by climate and/or forest structural characteristics (e.g. stand-level basal area, A). 3. to develop H:D allometric equations and evaluate biases to reduce error in future local-to-global estimates of tropical forest biomass. Annual precipitation coefficient of variation (PV), dry season length (SD), and mean annual air temperature (TA) emerged as key drivers of variation in H:D relationships at the pantropical and region scales. Vegetation structure also played a role with trees in forests of a high A being, on average, taller at any given D. After the effects of environment and forest structure are taken into account, two main regional groups can be identified. Forests in Asia, Africa and the Guyana Shield all have, on average, similar H:D relationships, but with trees in the forests of much of the Amazon Basin and tropical Australia typically being shorter at any given D than their counterparts elsewhere. The region-environment-structure model with the lowest Akaike\u27s information criterion and lowest deviation estimated stand-level H across all plots to within amedian −2.7 to 0.9% of the true value. Some of the plot-to-plot variability in H:D relationships not accounted for by this model could be attributed to variations in soil physical conditions. Other things being equal, trees tend to be more slender in the absence of soil physical constraints, especially at smaller D. Pantropical and continental-level models provided less robust estimates of H, especially when the roles of climate and stand structure in modulating H:D allometry were not simultaneously taken into account