Reichsrecht and Volksrecht in Theory and Practice: Roman Justice in the Province of Egypt (P.Oxy. II 237, P.Oxy. IV 706, SB XII 10929)

This article offers a perspective on the traditional debate over the nature of the legal order in the Roman Empire, the role of Roman law in Roman provincial jurisdiction and the status of local laws and practices under Roman rule. These questions are explored through a series of case studies of papyrological evidence from Roman Egypt, including the jurisdictional edict of Petronius Mamertinus (SB XII 10929) and the well-known petition of Dionysia (P. Oxy. II 237).This article offers a perspective on the traditional debate over the nature of the legal order in the Roman Empire, the role of Roman law in Roman provincial jurisdiction and the status of local laws and practices under Roman rule. These questions are explored through a series of case studies of papyrological evidence from Roman Egypt, including the jurisdictional edict of Petronius Mamertinus (SB XII 10929) and the well-known petition of Dionysia (P. Oxy. II 237)

Empire of Law: Legal Culture and Imperial Rule in the Roman Province of Egypt

This dissertation seeks to shed light on the administration of justice in the provinces of the Roman empire, arguably the most prominent public interface between the Empire and its subjects, as well as the sphere in which Rome left its most far-reaching and lasting legacy in the Mediterranean world. In order to do so, this study integrates, for the first time, the voluminous and underexploited evidence of documentary papyri from Roman Egypt into a broader investigation of judicial administration in the Roman provinces, from its origins under the Republic to the threshold of late Antiquity at the end of the third century CE. This study examines the sphere of law and courts in the Roman empire from several perspectives: first, by considering the institutional framework within which Roman courts administered justice to provincials, then by considering the significance of Roman record-keeping and archival institutions for the imperial legal order, then by examining how Roman provincial courts dealt with local laws and traditions. Finally, the study examines the agency of legal practitioners in the development of the Roman imperial legal sphere, as well as the significance of the adoption of distinctly Roman models of legal culture by civic elites in Roman Egypt and elsewhere in the Roman empire. By systematically bringing the rich papyrological material from Egypt to bear on broader questions of law and legal culture in the Roman provinces, this dissertation seeks to open new horizons for the study of Roman legal history and to develop new perspectives on the institutional and cultural impact of Roman imperial rule

A new date for the Oxyrhynchite epitome of the Gnomon of the Idios Logos (P.Oxy. XLII 3014)

Das als Gnomon des Idios Logos bekannte Dokument ist eine Kurzfassung eines Fiskalregelwerks (γνώμων) für den römischen Prokurator des Idios Logos in der Provinz Ägypten. Dieser wichtige Text ist durch zwei Papyri belegt: einen langen, gut erhaltenen Papyrus aus dem Gau Arsinoites (BGU V 1210) und ein kleines Fragment aus Oxyrhynchos (P.Oxy. XLII 3014). Ersterer trägt ein Datum aus der Regierungszeit von Antoninus Pius, während letzterer nach paläographischen Kriterien in das 1. Jh. n. Chr. datiert wurde. Diese zeitliche Diskrepanz hat zu Verwirrung hinsichtlich der Art des Textes geführt, von dem allgemein angenommen wird, dass es sich um eine lokal zusammengestellte Mischung von römischem und griechisch-ägyptischem Rechtsmaterial handelt. Auf Basis einer Neulesung und paläographischer Parallelen wird in diesem Artikel der Text aus Oxyrhynchos in die Regierungszeit von Antoninus Pius umdatiert. Dass beide Gnomon-Papyri nachweislich Kopien derselben antoninischen Zusammenfassung des Regelwerks des Idios Logos sind, schafft eine neue Grundlage für die Interpretation dieses Verwaltungstextes, der für die Rechtsgeschichte des Römischen Reiches von einzigartiger Bedeutung ist.The document known as the Gnomon of the Idios Logos is an abbreviated version of a fiscal rulebook (γνώμων) for the Roman procurator of the Idios Logos in the province of Egypt. This important text is attested in two papyri: a long, well-preserved papyrus from the Arsinoite nome (BGU V 1210) and a small fragment from Oxyrhynchus (P.Oxy. XLII 3014). The former bears a date in the reign of Antoninus Pius, whereas the latter has been dated according to paleographical criteria to the first century CE. This temporal discrepancy has created confusion regarding the nature of the text, which is widely presumed to be a local compilation containing a mix of Roman and Graeco-Egyptian legal material. Through new readings and paleographical parallels, this article redates the Oxyrhynchite text to the reign of Antoninus Pius. That both Gnomon papyri are demonstrably copies of the same Antonine epitome of the rulebook of the Idios Logos, establishes a new basis for interpreting this administrative text, which is a source of unique importance for the legal history of the Roman empire.Le document connu sous le nom de gnomon de l’ Idios Logos est une version abrégée d’ un code fiscal (γνώμων) pour le procurateur romain de l’ Idios Logos dans la province d’ Égypte. Cet important écrit est attesté par deux papyri: un papyrus long et bien conservé du nome Arsinoïte (BGU V 1210) et un petit fragment provenant d’ Oxyrhynque (P.Oxy. XLII 3014). Le premier porte une date de la période du règne d’ Antonin le Pieux tandis que le second a été daté du premier siècle apr. J.-C. d’ après des critères paléographiques. Cette divergence temporelle a amené à une confusion par rapport à la nature du texte qui est, en général, considéré comme étant un amalgame local d’ écrits juridiques romains et gréco-égyptiens. Sur la base d’ une nouvelle lecture et de parallèles paléographiques, l’ écrit d’ Oxyrhynque est daté, dans cet article, de la période d’ Antonin le Pieux. Le fait que les deux papyrus relatifs au Gnomon sont des copies avérées du même épitomé antonin du recueil des décisions de l’ Idios Logos, donne une nouvelle base pour l’ interprétation de ce texte administratif qui a une importance capitale pour l’ histoire juridique de l’ empire romain

Synthesis and Temperature-Induced Structural Phase and Spin Transitions in Hexadecylboron-Capped Cobalt(II) Hexachloroclathrochelate and Its Diamagnetic Iron(II)-Encapsulating Analogue

Template condensation of dichloroglyoxime with <i>n</i>-hexadecylboronic acid on the corresponding metal ion as a matrix under vigorous reaction conditions afforded <i>n</i>-hexadecylboron-capped iron and cobalt­(II) hexachloroclathrochelates. The complexes obtained were characterized using elemental analysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, IR, UV–vis, ¹H and ¹³C­{¹H} NMR, ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopies, SQUID magnetometry, electron paramagnetic resonance, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) and by X-ray crystallography. The multitemperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction, SQUID magnetometry, and differential scanning calorimetry experiments were performed to study the temperature-induced spin-crossover [for the paramagnetic cobalt­(II) complex] and the crystal-to-crystal phase transitions (for both of these clathrochelates) in the solid state. Analysis of their crystal packing using the molecular Voronoi polyhedra and the Hirshfeld surfaces reveals the structural rearrangements of the apical long-chain alkyl substituents resulting from such phase transitions being more pronounced for a macrobicyclic cobalt­(II) complex. Its fine-crystalline sample undergoes the gradual and fully reversible spin transition centered at approximately 225 K. The density functional theory calculated parameters for an isolated molecule of this cobalt­(II) hexachloroclathrochelate in its low- and high-spin states were found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data and allowed to localize the spin density within a macrobicyclic framework. CV of the cobalt­(II) complex in the cathodic range contains one reversible wave assigned to the Co^2+/+ redox couple with the reduced anionic cobalt­(I)-containing species stabilized by the electronic effect of six strong electron-withdrawing chlorine substituents. The quasireversible character of the Fe^2+/+ wave suggests that the anionic iron­(I)-containing macrobicyclic species undergo substantial structural changes and side chemical reactions after such metal-centered reduction

Chloride Ion-Aided Self-Assembly of Pseudoclathrochelate Metal Tris-pyrazoloximates

Chloride ion-aided one-pot template self-assembly of a mixed pyrazoloxime ligand with phenylboronic acid on a corresponding metal­(II) ion as a matrix afforded the first boron-capped zinc, cobalt, iron, and manganese pseudoclathrochelate tris-pyrazoloximates. The presence of a pseudocross-linking hydrogen-bonded chloride ion is critical for their formation, as the same chloride-capped complexes were isolated even in the presence of large excesses of bromide and iodide ions. As revealed by X-ray diffraction, all complexes are capped with a chloride ion via three N–H···Cl hydrogen bonds that stabilize their pseudomacrobicyclic frameworks. The MN₆ coordination polyhedra possess a distorted trigonal prismatic geometry, with the distortion angles φ between their nonequivalent N₃ bases of approximately 0°. Temperature dependences of the effective magnetic moment for the paramagnetic complexes showed the encapsulated metal­(II) ions to be in a high-spin state in the temperature range of 2–300 K. In the case of the iron­(II) pseudoclathrochelate, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations were used to assess its spin state as well as the ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer and UV–vis–NIR parameters. Cyclic voltammetry studies performed for these pseudomacrobicyclic complexes showed them to undergo irreversible or quasi-reversible metal-localized oxidations and reductions. As no changes are observed in the presence of a substantial excess of bromide ion, no anion-exchange reaction occurs, and thus the pseudoclathrochelates have a high affinity toward chloride anions in solution