Вспышка туляремии в Ханты-Мансийке в 2013 г.: клинико-эпидемиологические особенности в детской популяции

Tularemia is a zoonotic disease. The pathogen (Francisella tularensis) is а gram negative bacteria virulent to humans and animals (rodents, hares, rabbits). The outbreak of tularemia had happened in 2013, in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District, during which 1005 people became ill, including 157 children, of whom 152 people were treated at the Hospital District of Khanty-Mansiysk. The histories of inpatients and outpatients affected children had been analysed (n=152). Specialists have identified epidemiological and clinical features of children tularemia. There was ulceroglandular form of tularemia in 98.7% of cases. Purulent lymphadenitis has appeared in 5.9% of cases. 21,2% of affected children have been vaccinated and revaccinated against tularemia for 1–11 years before the disease.Туляремия – зоонозная природно-очаговая инфекция. Возбудитель (Francisella tularensis) – грамотрицательная бактерия, высоковирулентная для человека и животных (грызуны, зайцы, кролики). В 2013 г. в Ханты-Мансийском автономном округе произошла трансмиссивная вспышка туляремии, во время которой заболели 1005 человек, в том числе 157 детей, из них 152 человека проходили лечение в Окружной клинической больнице г. Ханты-Мансийска. Проведен анализ историй болезни и амбулаторных карт заболевших детей (n=152), определены эпидемиологические и клинические особенности туляремии у детей. В 98,7% случаев имела место ульцерогландулярная форма туляремии, гнойный лимфаденит возник в 5,9% случаев. 21,2% заболевших детей были вакцинированы и ревакцинированы от туляремии за 1–11 лет до заболевания

The bear in Eurasian plant names: Motivations and models

Ethnolinguistic studies are important for understanding an ethnic group's ideas on the world, expressed in its language. Comparing corresponding aspects of such knowledge might help clarify problems of origin for certain concepts and words, e.g. whether they form common heritage, have an independent origin, are borrowings, or calques. The current study was conducted on the material in Slavonic, Baltic, Germanic, Romance, Finno-Ugrian, Turkic and Albanian languages. The bear was chosen as being a large, dangerous animal, important in traditional culture, whose name is widely reflected in folk plant names. The phytonyms for comparison were mostly obtained from dictionaries and other publications, and supplemented with data from databases, the co-authors' field data, and archival sources (dialect and folklore materials). More than 1200 phytonym use records (combinations of a local name and a meaning) for 364 plant and fungal taxa were recorded to help find out the reasoning behind bear-nomination in various languages, as well as differences and similarities between the patterns among them. Among the most common taxa with bear-related phytonyms were Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., Heracleum sphondylium L., Acanthus mollis L., and Allium ursinum L., with Latin loan translation contributing a high proportion of the phytonyms. Some plants have many and various bear-related phytonyms, while others have only one or two bear names. Features like form and/or surface generated the richest pool of names, while such features as colour seemed to provoke rather few associations with bears. The unevenness of bear phytonyms in the chosen languages was not related to the size of the language nor the present occurence of the Brown Bear in the region. However, this may, at least to certain extent, be related to the amount of the historical ethnolinguistic research done on the selected languages

The outbreak of tularemia in Khanty-Mansiysk in 2013: clinical and epidemiological features in children

Tularemia is a zoonotic disease. The pathogen (Francisella tularensis) is а gram negative bacteria virulent to humans and animals (rodents, hares, rabbits). The outbreak of tularemia had happened in 2013, in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District, during which 1005 people became ill, including 157 children, of whom 152 people were treated at the Hospital District of Khanty-Mansiysk. The histories of inpatients and outpatients affected children had been analysed (n=152). Specialists have identified epidemiological and clinical features of children tularemia. There was ulceroglandular form of tularemia in 98.7% of cases. Purulent lymphadenitis has appeared in 5.9% of cases. 21,2% of affected children have been vaccinated and revaccinated against tularemia for 1–11 years before the disease

A cross-linguistic analysis of the ‘homework metaphor in German and English political discourse

A frequently encountered expression in political discourse across languages is the assertion that someone has not “done their homework”. As the expression is a combination of structural metaphor and understatement, it is a figurative frame that simplifies public debates by presenting complex issues such as economic reforms as simple tasks and stifles critical and consensual political debates by replacing questions of fairness and adequacy with unquestionable moral obligation. In spite of this manipulative force, metaphor research has paid little attention to this metaphor. I investigate its emergence and pragmatic effects in American and German newspaper discourse through the COHA/COCA and Die ZEIT corpora. Findings for both English and German show that, while the metaphor was originally used for positive self- and negative other-representation, it is now used increasingly often without specifying whether or not someone has done their homework, which is evidence to suggest that it has become accepted in public discourse as a normal way of framing political issues.This work is part of the ModevigTrad (Evidentiality and epistemicity in texts of evaluative discourse genres. Contrastive analysis and translation) project, funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grant number FFI2014-57313-P)