9 research outputs found
Indirect Effect of Floristic Composition on Production of Sporangia by Phytophthora cinnamomi in Jarrah Forest Soils
Nitric oxide inhibition after Toxoplasma gondii infection of chicken macrophage cell lines
Recycling endosome-dependent and -independent mechanisms for IL-10 secretion in LPS-activated macrophages
IL-10 is a key anti-inflammatory cytokine secreted by activated macrophages as a feedback control mechanism to prevent excessive inflammatory responses. Here, we define multiple intracellular trafficking pathways involved in the secretion of newly synthesized IL-10 from macrophages following TLR4 activation with LPS, and show how this relates to the previously defined trafficking pathways for IL-6 and TNF in macrophages simultaneously producing these proinflammatory cytokines. IL-10 exits the Golgi in multiple tubular carriers, including those dependent on p230GRIP. Some of the IL-10 is then delivered to recycling endosomes, where cytokine sorting may occur prior to its release. Another portion of the IL-10 is delivered to the cell surface in distinct vesicles colabeled for apoE. Thus, we show at least two post-Golgi pathways via which IL-10 is trafficked, ensuring its secretion from activated macrophages under different physiological conditions