Functional genetic dropout screens and in vivo validation of candidate therapeutic targets using mouse mammary tumoroids

We have previously developed 3D tumoroids derived from genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of BRCA1/2-deficient breast cancer. Here, we describe how to genetically modify tumoroids, use them for functional genetic dropout screens, and carry out orthotopic transplantation of modified tumoroids. The purpose of this protocol is to screen for therapeutic targets and allow rapid and straightforward in vivo validation of the candidate targets

Produzindo liberdade, escravidão e normas no Império português

Resenha do livro:  PINHEIRO, Fernanda Domingos. Em defesa da liberdade: libertos, coartados e livres de cor nos tribunais do Antigo Regime português (Mariana e Lisboa, 1720-1819). Belo Horizonte: Fino Traço Editora, 2018.Book review:  PINHEIRO, Fernanda Domingos. Em defesa da liberdade: libertos, coartados e livres de cor nos tribunais do Antigo Regime português (Mariana e Lisboa, 1720-1819). Belo Horizonte: Fino Traço Editora, 2018

Esclavos y tierras entre posesión y títulos

This book examines the social construction of legal relations between people and things in Brazil during the 19th century through the analysis of court cases discussing dominion and possession over slaves and land. The chapters address topics such as the role of social recognition in situations of possession, the process of delegitimizing acts of land usage from indigenous peoples, dependent persons and women, and the widespread illegal acquisition of slaves and land

Esclavos y tierras entre posesión y títulos

This book examines the social construction of legal relations between people and things in Brazil during the 19th century through the analysis of court cases discussing dominion and possession over slaves and land. The chapters address topics such as the role of social recognition in situations of possession, the process of delegitimizing acts of land usage from indigenous peoples, dependent persons and women, and the widespread illegal acquisition of slaves and land

Applicability of nutritional screening methods in hospitalized patients

A prevalência de desnutrição energético-protéica em ambiente hospitalar varia de 20% a 50%, conforme critérios utilizados. O risco nutricional se refere ao risco aumentado de morbimortalidade em decorrência do estado nutricional. A triagem nutricional identifica indivíduos desnutridos ou em risco de desnutrição, almejando determinar se existe risco nutricional e se é necessária avaliação nutricional mais detalhada. Já a avaliação nutricional, além de detectar desnutrição, classifica seu grau e permite coleta de informações que auxiliem em sua correção. Foram revisadas as ferramentas de triagem nutricional mais citadas na literatura atual. Para obtenção dos artigos de triagem nutricional foram feitas pesquisas nos websites científicos. Dentre as ferramentas citadas, ressalta-se a Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, que pode ser aplicada a todos os pacientes internados em hospitais, independentemente da doença que apresentem ou da idade, sem custo adicional ao serviço e que pode ser efetuada por diferentes profissionais. Cabe a cada profissional desenvolver senso crítico para determinar sua técnica de preferência.The prevalence of energy-protein malnutrition in hospitals varies from 20 to 50% depending on the criteria used. Nutritional risk refers to increased morbidity and mortality risk resulting from the nutritional status. Nutritional screening identifies malnourished or at risk of malnourishment individuals, aiming to determine if there is nutritional risk and if a more thorough nutritional assessment is necessary. Meanwhile, nutritional assessment, besides detecting malnutrition, classifies its degree and allows the collection of information that helps to correct it. The nutritional assessment tools most often cited in current literature were reviewed. Nutritional assessment articles were obtained from scientific websites. Among the cited tools, the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 stands out. It can be used for all inpatients regardless of their disease or age, does not have additional costs to the service and can be performed by different professionals. It is up to each professional to develop a critical sense and determine his or her preferred technique

A ADAPTAÇÃO DOS MONITORES AO PROGRAMA DE MONITORIA REMOTA DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in obstacles to medical education in Brazil. Classes were taught remotely, affecting the participation of monitors, since face-to-face contact was interrupted. This study aimed to analyze the adaptation of monitors regarding the assistance provided in class online. This is an exploratory-descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, with a cross-sectional approach using a data collection method. As a result, most students (49%) partially agreed on the good adaptation to remote monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic. As for the speed of the adaptation process to remote monitoring, 45.1% partially agreed, a minority partially and totally disagreed, 5.7% and 9.8%, respectively. Remote activities presented a challenge for the academic community, despite this, most of the research students partially or fully agreed with the statement about the effectiveness and speed of the process of adaptation to remote monitoring.La pandemia de COVID-19 resultó en obstáculos para la educación médica en Brasil. Las clases se impartieron de forma remota, afectando la participación de los monitores, ya que se interrumpió el contacto cara a cara. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la adaptación de los monitores respecto a la asistencia prestada en clase de forma online. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, con abordaje transversal a través de un método de recolección de datos. Como resultado, la mayoría de los estudiantes (49%) coincidieron parcialmente en una buena adaptación al monitoreo remoto durante la pandemia de COVID-19. En cuanto a la velocidad del proceso de adaptación a la monitorización remota, el 45,1% estuvo parcialmente de acuerdo, una minoría parcial y totalmente en desacuerdo, el 5,7% y el 9,8%, respectivamente. Las actividades remotas presentaron un desafío para la comunidad académica, aunque la mayoría de los estudiantes de la investigación coincidieron parcial o totalmente en la declaración sobre la efectividad y la velocidad del proceso de adaptación al monitoreo remoto.A pandemia de COVID-19 resultou em obstáculos para a educação médica no Brasil. Aulas foram ministradas remotamente, afetando a participação dos monitores, posto que o contato presencial foi interrompido. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a adaptação dos monitores quanto à assistência prestada em aula de forma online. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, com recorte transversal por meio de método de levantamento de dados. Como resultados, a maioria dos estudantes (49%) concordou parcialmente sobre a boa adaptação à monitoria remota durante a pandemia do COVID-19. Quanto à rapidez do processo de adaptação à monitoria remota, 45,1% concordaram parcialmente, uma minoria discordou parcialmente e totalmente, 5,7% e 9,8%, respectivamente. As atividades remotas apresentaram um desafio para a comunidade acadêmica, apesar disso, grande parte dos estudantes da pesquisa concordou parcialmente ou plenamente a respeito da afirmativa sobre a efetividade e rapidez do processo de adaptação à monitoria remota

A ADAPTAÇÃO DOS MONITORES AO PROGRAMA DE MONITORIA REMOTA DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in obstacles to medical education in Brazil. Classes were taught remotely, affecting the participation of monitors, since face-to-face contact was interrupted. This study aimed to analyze the adaptation of monitors regarding the assistance provided in class online. This is an exploratory-descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, with a cross-sectional approach using a data collection method. As a result, most students (49%) partially agreed on the good adaptation to remote monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic. As for the speed of the adaptation process to remote monitoring, 45.1% partially agreed, a minority partially and totally disagreed, 5.7% and 9.8%, respectively. Remote activities presented a challenge for the academic community, despite this, most of the research students partially or fully agreed with the statement about the effectiveness and speed of the process of adaptation to remote monitoring.La pandemia de COVID-19 resultó en obstáculos para la educación médica en Brasil. Las clases se impartieron de forma remota, afectando la participación de los monitores, ya que se interrumpió el contacto cara a cara. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la adaptación de los monitores respecto a la asistencia prestada en clase de forma online. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, con abordaje transversal a través de un método de recolección de datos. Como resultado, la mayoría de los estudiantes (49%) coincidieron parcialmente en una buena adaptación al monitoreo remoto durante la pandemia de COVID-19. En cuanto a la velocidad del proceso de adaptación a la monitorización remota, el 45,1% estuvo parcialmente de acuerdo, una minoría parcial y totalmente en desacuerdo, el 5,7% y el 9,8%, respectivamente. Las actividades remotas presentaron un desafío para la comunidad académica, aunque la mayoría de los estudiantes de la investigación coincidieron parcial o totalmente en la declaración sobre la efectividad y la velocidad del proceso de adaptación al monitoreo remoto.A pandemia de COVID-19 resultou em obstáculos para a educação médica no Brasil. Aulas foram ministradas remotamente, afetando a participação dos monitores, posto que o contato presencial foi interrompido. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a adaptação dos monitores quanto à assistência prestada em aula de forma online. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, com recorte transversal por meio de método de levantamento de dados. Como resultados, a maioria dos estudantes (49%) concordou parcialmente sobre a boa adaptação à monitoria remota durante a pandemia do COVID-19. Quanto à rapidez do processo de adaptação à monitoria remota, 45,1% concordaram parcialmente, uma minoria discordou parcialmente e totalmente, 5,7% e 9,8%, respectivamente. As atividades remotas apresentaram um desafio para a comunidade acadêmica, apesar disso, grande parte dos estudantes da pesquisa concordou parcialmente ou plenamente a respeito da afirmativa sobre a efetividade e rapidez do processo de adaptação à monitoria remota

Salivary IgA antibody responses to Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus mutans in preterm and fullterm newborn children

Objectives: The intensities and specificities of salivary IgA antibody responses to antigens of Streptococcus mutans, the main pathogen of dental caries, may influence colonization by these organisms during the first 1.5 year of life. Thus, the ontogeny of salivary IgA responses to oral colonizers continues to warrant investigation, especially with regard to the influence of birth conditions, e.g. prematurity, on the ability of children to efficiently respond to oral microorganisms. In this study, we characterised the salivary antibody responses to two bacterial species which are prototypes of pioneer and pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity (Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus mutans, respectively) in fullterm (FT) and preterm (PT) newborn children. Methods: Salivas from 123 infants (70 FT and 53 PT) were collected during the first 10 h after birth and levels of IgA and IgM antibodies and the presence of S. mutans and S. mitis were analysed respectively by ELISA and by chequerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Two subgroups of 24 FT and 24 PT children were compared with respect to patterns of antibody specificities against S. mutans and S. mitis antigens, using Western blot assays. Cross-adsorption of 10 infant's saliva was tested to S. mitis, S. mutans and Enterococcus faecalis antigens. Results: Salivary levels of IgA at birth were 2.5-fold higher in FT than in PT children (Mann-Whitney; P < 0.05). Salivary IgA antibodies reactive with several antigens of S. mitis and S. mutans were detected at birth in children with undetectable levels of those bacteria. Adsorption of infant saliva with cells of S. mutans produced a reduction of antibodies recognizing S. mitis antigens in half of the neonates. The diversity and intensity of IgA responses were lower in PT compared to FT children, although those differences were not significant. Conclusion: These data provide evidence that children have salivary IgA antibodies shortly after birth, which might influence the establishment of the oral microbiota, and that the levels of salivary antibody might be related to prematurity. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [07/57346-5, 07/50807-7]Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (CNPq) [472928/2007-4