Cytotoxic activity of crude extracts from Astragalus chrysochlorus (Leguminosae)

In this study, cytotoxic activity of Astragalus chrysochlorus crude extracts was investigated Hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, 80% ethanol and water extracts prepared from roots and stems of Astragalus chrysochlorus were tested for cytotoxic activity on Vero (V) cells using the MTT assay. MTT assay was used to evaluate the reduction of viability of cell cultures in the presence and absence of the extracts. Cell viability was inhibited to different extents by the extracts. The hexane-root and water-stem extracts of Astragalus chrysochlorus were not cytotoxic at 500 mu g mL(-1). Both the ethanol-stem and water-root extracts exhibited weak cytotoxic activity. The hexane-stem, chloroform-root and stem, ethylacetate root and stem or ethanol-root extracts showed stronger cytotoxic activity than the others. However, the chloroform-root extract exhibited the most effective cytotoxic activity at 500 mu g mL(-1) (70.3%)

Comparison of patients with and without intellectual disability under general anesthesia: A retrospective study

Background and Purpose: We analyzed and retrospectively compared patients with and without intellectual disability (ID) who underwent oral surgery under general anesthesia at Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of General Anesthesia, between October 2012 and June 2013 with regard to the following categories: Demographic features, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, Mallampati score, type of anesthetic drug used during the operation, type of intubation used, any difficulties with tracheal intubation, presence of systemic diseases, and recovery times after ending general anesthesia.Materials and Methods: A total of 348 patients were selected from the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and the Department of Pedodontics who underwent surgery with general anesthesia. Medical histories of all patients were taken, and their electrocardiography, chest X-rays, complete blood count, and blood clotting tests were checked during a preoperative assessment. Mallampati evaluations were also performed. Patients were grouped into ASA I, II, or III according to the ASA classification and were treated under general anesthesia.Results: There was no significant difference between normal and intellectually disabled patients in terms of gender, Mallampati scores, intubation difficulties, mean anesthetic period, time to discharge, or postoperative nausea and vomiting. Epilepsy and genetic diseases in intellectually disabled patients were significantly more common than in non-ID (NID) patients. However, the frequency of diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in NID patients was significantly higher than in the intellectually disabled patients.Conclusion: Dental treatment of intellectually disabled patients under general anesthesia can be performed just as safely as that with NID patients.Keywords: Dentistry, general anesthesia, intellectually disabled patients, nonintellectually disabled patient

Comparison of patients with and without intellectual disability under general anesthesia: A retrospective study

Background and Purpose: We analyzed and retrospectively compared patients with and without intellectual disability (ID) who underwent oral surgery under general anesthesia at Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of General Anesthesia, between October 2012 and June 2013 with regard to the following categories: Demographic features, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, Mallampati score, type of anesthetic drug used during the operation, type of intubation used, any difficulties with tracheal intubation, presence of systemic diseases, and recovery times after ending general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 348 patients were selected from the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and the Department of Pedodontics who underwent surgery with general anesthesia. Medical histories of all patients were taken, and their electrocardiography, chest X-rays, complete blood count, and blood clotting tests were checked during a preoperative assessment. Mallampati evaluations were also performed. Patients were grouped into ASA I, II, or III according to the ASA classification and were treated under general anesthesia. Results: There was no significant difference between normal and intellectually disabled patients in terms of gender, Mallampati scores, intubation difficulties, mean anesthetic period, time to discharge, or postoperative nausea and vomiting. Epilepsy and genetic diseases in intellectually disabled patients were significantly more common than in non-ID (NID) patients. However, the frequency of diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in NID patients was significantly higher than in the intellectually disabled patients. Conclusion: Dental treatment of intellectually disabled patients under general anesthesia can be performed just as safely as that with NID patients

Leriche syndrome

Leriche syndrome is a disease that is characterized by a thrombotic occlusion in the aorta, frequently in the renal artery distal. The classical symptoms of this syndrome include pain in the lower extremities emerging during activity (claudication), impalpability of the femoral pulses and impotency in male patients. The definitive diagnosis of claudication, due to insufficient circulation as well as neurogenic-caused claudication, is hard. Medical history, physical examination and monitoring methods are important for definitive diagnosis. Impalpability of bilateral femoral pulses in physical examination may be a sign of leriche syndrome. With colored doppler ultrasonography, it can be demonstrated in cases having Leriche syndrome that there is no circulation in both iliac arteries. In these patients, thrombotic occlusion of the aorta shall be confirmed by computed tomography angiography. This case that we present is a case of Leriche syndrome in which the patient came to the hospital with the complaint of claudication and was diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation. Since vascular pathologies were not considered in definitive diagnosis, the treatment was delayed and it resulted in mortality; for this reason it is important. In the case of patients coming to hospital with complaints of leg pain, the vascular pathologies shall be thought of in the definitive diagnosis and the clinicians, and in that way leading to the diagnosis, shall depend on detailed patient history and comprehensive physical examination