Voyager 1 and 2 measurements of radial and latitudinal cosmic ray gradients during 1981 - 1984

The cosmic ray radial gradient was determined during 1981-84 using data from very similar detectors onboard spacecraft Voyagers 1 and 2 (radial separation approx. 6 AU, heliolatitude separation approx. 25 deg.) and from the Earth-orbiting satellite IMP 8. The principal result is that the radial gradient over this period decreased at the rate approx. 2.0%/AU between 1 and 16 AU and approx. 0.6%/AU between approx. 16 and 22 AU

Is the magnetic field in the heliosheath laminar or a turbulent bath of bubbles?

All the current global models of the heliosphere are based on the assumption that the magnetic field in the heliosheath, in the region close to the heliopause is laminar. We argue that in that region the heliospheric magnetic field is not laminar but instead consists of magnetic bubbles. Recently, we proposed that the annihilation of the "sectored" magnetic field within the heliosheath as it is compressed on its approach to the heliopause produces the anomalous cosmic rays and also energetic electrons. As a product of the annihilation of the sectored magnetic field, densely-packed magnetic islands/bubbles are produced. These magnetic islands/bubbles will be convected with the ambient flows as the sector region is carried to higher latitudes filling the heliosheath. We further argue that the magnetic islands/bubbles will develop upstream within the heliosheath. As a result, the magnetic field in the heliosheath sector region will be disordered well upstream of the heliopause. We present a 3D MHD simulation with very high numerical resolution that captures the north-south boundaries of the sector region. We show that due to the high pressure of the interstellar magnetic field a north-south asymmetry develops such that the disordered sectored region fills a large portion of the northern part of the heliosphere with a smaller extension in the southern hemisphere. We suggest that this scenario is supported by the following changes that occur around 2008 and from 2009.16 onward: a) the sudden decrease in the intensity of low energy electrons detected by Voyager 2; b) a sharp reduction in the intensity of fluctuations of the radial flow; and c) the dramatic differences in intensity trends between GCRs at V1 and 2. We argue that these observations are a consequence of V2 leaving the sector region of disordered field during these periods and crossing into a region of unipolar laminar field.Comment: 36 pages, 15 figures, submitted to Ap

Data consistency: toward a terminological clarification

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21413-9_15Consistency is an inconsistency are ubiquitous term in data engineering. Its relevance to quality is obvious, since consistency is a commonplace dimension of data quality. However, connotations are vague or ambiguous. In this paper, we address semantic consistency, transaction consistency, replication consistency, eventual consistency and the new notion of partial consistency in databases. We characterize their distinguishing properties, and also address their differences, interactions and interdependencies. Partial consistency is an entry door to living with inconsistency, which is an ineludible necessity in the age of big data.Decker and F.D. Muñoz—supported by the Spanish MINECO grant TIN 2012-37719-C03-01.Decker, H.; Muñoz Escoí, FD.; Misra, S. (2015). Data consistency: toward a terminological clarification. En Computational Science and Its Applications -- ICCSA 2015: 15th International Conference, Banff, AB, Canada, June 22-25, 2015, Proceedings, Part V. Springer International Publishing. 206-220. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21413-9_15S206220Abadi, D.: Consistency tradeoffs in modern distributed database system design: Cap is only part of the story. Computer 45(2), 37–42 (2012)Bailis, P. (2015). http://www.bailis.org/blog/Bailis, P., Ghodsi, A.: Eventual consistency today: limitations, extensions, and beyond. ACM Queue, 11(3) (2013)Balegas, V., Duarte, S., Ferreira, C., Rodrigues, R., Preguica, N., Najafzadeh, M., Shapiro, M.: Putting consistency back into eventual consistency. In: 10th EuroSys. ACM (2015). http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2741948.2741972Beeri, C., Bernstein, P., Goodman, N.: A sophisticate’s introduction to database normalization theory. In: VLDB, pp. 113–124 (1978)Berenson, H., Bernstein, P., Gray, J., Melton, J., O’Neil, E., O’Neil, P.: A critique of ansi sql isolation levels. SIGMoD Record 24(2), 1–10 (1995)Bermbach, D., Tai, S.: Eventual consistency: how soon is eventual? In: 6th MW4SOC. ACM (2011)Bernabé-Gisbert, J., Muñoz-Escoí, F.: Supporting multiple isolation levels in replicated environments. Data & Knowledge Engineering 7980, 1–16 (2012)Bernstein, P., Das, S.. Rethinking eventual consistency. In: SIGMOD 2013, pp. 923–928. ACM (2013)Bernstein, P., Hadzilacos, V., Goodman, N.: Concurrency Control and Recovery in Database Systems. Addison-Wesley (1987)Bertossi, L., Hunter, A., Schaub, T.: Inconsistency Tolerance. In: Bertossi, L., Hunter, A., Schaub, T. (eds.) Inconsistency Tolerance. LNCS, vol. 3300, pp. 1–14. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)Bobenrieth, A.: Inconsistencias por qué no? Un estudio filosófico sobre la lógica paraconsistente. Premios Nacionales Colcultura. Tercer Mundo Editores. Magister Thesis, Universidad de los Andes, Santafé de Bogotá, Columbia (1995)Bosneag, A.-M., Brockmeyer, M.: A formal model for eventual consistency semantics. In: PDCS 2002, pp. 204–209. IASTED (2001)Browne, J.: Brewer’s cap theorem (2009). http://www.julianbrowne.com/article/viewer/brewers-cap-theoremCong, G., Fan, W., Geerts, F., Jia, X., Ma, S.: Improving data quality: consistency and accuracy. In: Proc. 33rd VLDB, pp. 315–326. ACM (2007)Dechter, R., van Beek, P.: Local and global relational consistency. Theor. Comput. Sci. 173(1), 283–308 (1997)Decker, H.: Translating advanced integrity checking technology to SQL. In: Doorn, J., Rivero, L. (eds.) Database integrity: challenges and solutions, pp. 203–249. Idea Group (2002)Decker, H.: Historical and computational aspects of paraconsistency in view of the logic foundation of databases. In: Bertossi, L., Katona, G.O.H., Schewe, K.-D., Thalheim, B. (eds.) Semantics in Databases 2001. LNCS, vol. 2582, pp. 63–81. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)Decker, H.: Answers that have integrity. In: Schewe, K.-D., Thalheim, B. (eds.) SDKB 2010. LNCS, vol. 6834, pp. 54–72. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)Decker, H.: New measures for maintaining the quality of databases. In: Murgante, B., Gervasi, O., Misra, S., Nedjah, N., Rocha, A.M.A.C., Taniar, D., Apduhan, B.O. (eds.) ICCSA 2012, Part IV. LNCS, vol. 7336, pp. 170–185. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)Decker, H.: A pragmatic approach to model, measure and maintain the quality of information in databases (2012). www.iti.upv.es/~hendrik/papers/ahrc-workshop_quality-of-data.pdf , www.iti.upv.es/~hendrik/papers/ahrc-workshop_quality-of-data_comments.pdf . Slides and comments presented at the Workshop on Information Quality. Univ, Hertfordshire, UKDecker, H.: Answers that have quality. In: Murgante, B., Misra, S., Carlini, M., Torre, C.M., Nguyen, H.-Q., Taniar, D., Apduhan, B.O., Gervasi, O. (eds.) ICCSA 2013, Part II. LNCS, vol. 7972, pp. 543–558. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)Decker, H.: Measure-based inconsistency-tolerant maintenance of database integrity. In: Schewe, K.-D., Thalheim, B. (eds.) SDKB 2013. LNCS, vol. 7693, pp. 149–173. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)Decker, H., Martinenghi, D.: Inconsistency-tolerant integrity checking. IEEE Transactions of Knowledge and Data Engineering 23(2), 218–234 (2011)Decker, H., Muñoz-Escoí, F.D.: Revisiting and improving a result on integrity preservation by concurrent transactions. In: Meersman, R., Dillon, T., Herrero, P. (eds.) OTM 2010. LNCS, vol. 6428, pp. 297–306. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)Dong, X.L., Berti-Equille, L., Srivastava, D.: Data fusion: resolving conflicts from multiple sources (2015). http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.00310Eswaran, K., Gray, J., Lorie, R., Traiger, I.: The notions of consistency and predicate locks in a database system. CACM 19(11), 624–633 (1976)Muñoz-Escoí, F.D., Ruiz-Fuertes, M.I., Decker, H., Armendáriz-Íñigo, J.E., de Mendívil, J.R.G.: Extending middleware protocols for database replication with integrity support. In: Meersman, R., Tari, Z. (eds.) OTM 2008, Part I. LNCS, vol. 5331, pp. 607–624. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)Fekete, A.: Consistency models for replicated data. In: Encyclopedia of Database Systems, pp. 450–451. Springer (2009)Fekete, A., Gupta, D., Lynch, V., Luchangco, N., Shvartsman, A.: Eventually-serializable data services. In: 15th PoDC, pp. 300–309. ACM (1996)Gilbert, S., Lynch, N.: Brewer’s conjecture and the feasibility of consistent, available, partition-tolerant web services. SIGACT News 33(2), 51–59 (2002)Golab, W., Rahman, M., Auyoung, A., Keeton, K., Li, X.: Eventually consistent: Not what you were expecting? ACM Queue, 12(1) (2014)Grant, J., Hunter, A.: Measuring inconsistency in knowledgebases. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems 27(2), 159–184 (2006)Gray, J., Lorie, R., Putzolu, G., Traiger, I.: Granularity of locks and degrees of consistency in a shared data base. In: Nijssen, G. (ed.) Modelling in Data Base Management Systems. North Holland (1976)Haerder, T., Reuter, A.: Principles of transaction-oriented database recovery. Computing Surveys 15(4), 287–317 (1983)Herlihy, M., Wing, J.: Linearizability: a correctness condition for concurrent objects. TOPLAS 12(3), 463–492 (1990)R. Ho. Design pattern for eventual consistency (2009). http://horicky.blogspot.com.es/2009/01/design-pattern-for-eventual-consistency.htmlIkeda, R., Park, H., Widom, J.: Provenance for generalized map and reduce workflows. In: CIDR (2011)Kempster, T., Stirling, C., Thanisch, P.: Diluting acid. SIGMoD Record 28(4), 17–23 (1999)Li, X., Dong, X.L., Meng, W., Srivastava, D.: Truth finding on the deep web: Is the problem solved? 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IEEE Transactions of Knowledge and Data Engineering 20(6), 796–808 (2008)Young, G.: Quick thoughts on eventual consistency (2010). http://codebetter.com/gregyoung/2010/04/14/quick-thoughts-on-eventual-consistency/ (May 1, 2015

Hadron structure in tau -> KKpi nu_tau decays

We analyse the hadronization structure of both vector and axial-vector currents leading to tau -> KKpi nu_tau decays. At leading order in the 1/Nc expansion, and considering only the contribution of the lightest resonances, we work out, within the framework of the resonance chiral Lagrangian, the structure of the local vertices involved in those processes. The couplings in the resonance theory are constrained by imposing the asymptotic behaviour of vector and axial-vector spectral functions ruled by QCD. In this way we predict the hadron spectra and conclude that, contrarily to previous assertions, the vector contribution dominates by far over the axial-vector one in all KKpi charge channels.Comment: 32 pages, 7 figure

Radiative Tau Decays with One Pseudoscalar Meson

We have calculated the decay $\tau \rightarrow \nu \pi(K) \gamma$. We present the photon energy spectrum, the meson-photon invariant mass spectrum and the integrated rate as a function of a photon energy cut or an invariant mass cut. Both the internal bremsstrahlung and the structure dependent radiation have been taken into account. To this aim we have parametrized the form factors $F_V$ and $F_A$, which determine the structure dependent radiation. Observables especially suited for the measurement of the structure dependent form factors are found and implications on the width of the $a_1$ discussed.Comment: p.20, TTP93-1, LaTe

Contact glow discharge electrolysis: Effect of electrolyte conductivity on discharge voltage

Contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE) can be exploited in environmental chemistry for the degradation of pollutants in wastewater. This study focuses on the employment of cheap materials (e.g., steel and tungsten) as electrodes for experiments of CGDE conducted in electrochemical cells with variable electrolytic composition. A clear correlation between breakdown voltage (VB)/discharge (or midpoint) voltage (VD) and the conductivity of the electrolyte is shown. Regardless of the chemical nature of the ionogenic species (acid, base or salt), the higher the conductivity of the solution, the lower the applied potential required for the onset of the glow discharge. Concerning practical application, these salts could be added to poorly conductive wastewaters to increase their conductivity and thus reduce the ignition potential necessary for the development of the CGDE. Such an effect could render the process of chemical waste disposal from wastewaters more economical. Moreover, it is evidenced that both VB and VD are practically independent on the ratio anode area to cathode area if highly conductive solutions are employed. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Mirror symmetry breaking as a problem in dynamical critical phenomena

The critical properties of the Frank model of spontaneous chiral synthesis are discussed by applying results from the field theoretic renormalization group (RG). The long time and long wavelength features of this microscopic reaction scheme belong to the same universality class as multi-colored directed percolation processes. Thus, the following RG fixed points (FP) govern the critical dynamics of the Frank model for d<4: one unstable FP that corresponds to complete decoupling between the two enantiomers, a saddle-point that corresponds to symmetric interspecies coupling, and two stable FPs that individually correspond to unidirectional couplings between the two chiral molecules. These latter two FPs are associated with the breakdown of mirror or chiral symmetry. In this simplified model of molecular synthesis, homochirality is a natural consequence of the intrinsic reaction noise in the critical regime, which corresponds to extremely dilute chemical systems.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Approximate Analytic Solution for the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Wave Packets undergoing Arbitrary Dispersion

We apply expansion methods to obtain an approximate expression in terms of elementary functions for the space and time dependence of wave packets in a dispersive medium. The specific application to pulses in a cold plasma is considered in detail, and the explicit analytic formula that results is provided. When certain general initial conditions are satisfied, these expressions describe the packet evolution quite well. We conclude by employing the method to exhibit aspects of dispersive pulse propagation in a cold plasma, and suggest how predicted and experimental effects may be compared to improve the theoretical description of a medium's dispersive properties.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, RevTe