Rumo a um novo modelo de desenvolvimento? Desde a teoria da regulação. Argentina 2003-2010

El presente artículo propone un análisis del modelo de desarrollo argentino pos convertibilidad dentro del actual proceso de transformación del capitalismo y superación de la fase neoliberal como estrategia de desarrollo. Presentamos la teoría de la regulación como el marco teórico sobre el cual se sostiene nuestro estudio y conceptualización del modelo de desarrollo. A partir de allí avanzamos en la caracterización de los principales elementos de la estrategia de desarrollo que derivaron en la crisis del 2001, abriendo espacio para la reconversión de las estructuras sociales y económicas que contienen al capitalismo en Argentina. En este contexto, abordamos el análisis de la configuración del modelo de desarrollo para el periodo 2003-2010 con el objetivo de determinar el alcance transformador en relación al ciclo neoliberal.This article proposes an analysis of the post-convertibility development model within the current process of the transformation of capitalism and overcoming the neoliberal phase as a development strategy. We present the theory of regulation as the theoretical framework on which our study and conceptualization of the development model rests. From there, we advance in defining the key elements of the development strategy that led to the 2001 crisis, making way to reorganize the social and economic structures of Argentinean capitalism. In this context, we analyze the configuration of the development model from 2003-2010 to determine the scope of transformation relative to the neoliberal cycle.O presente artigo propõe uma análise do modelo de desenvolvimento argentino pós-conversibilidade dentro do atual processo de transformação e superação da fase neoliberal como estratégia de desenvolvimento. Apresentamos a teoria da regulação como o marco teórico sobre o qual se sustenta o nosso estudo e conceptualização do modelo de desenvolvimento. A partir disso, avançamos na caracterização dos principais elementos da estratégia de desenvolvimento que derivaram na crise de 2011, abrindo espaço para a reconversão das estruturas sociais e econômicas que contêm ao capitalismo na Argentina. Neste contexto, abordamos a análise da configuração do modelo de desenvolvimento para o período 2003-2010 com o objetivo de determinar o alcance transformador em relação ao ciclo neoliberal.Fil: de Angelis, Ignacio. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Centro de Estudios Interdisciplianrios entre problemas Internos y Locales; Argentina;Fil: Calvento, Mariana. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Centro de Estudios Interdisciplianrios entre problemas Internos y Locales; Argentina;Fil: Roark, Mariano Eduardo. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Centro de Estudios Interdisciplianrios entre problemas Internos y Locales; Argentina

Brittle Crack Roughness in Three-Dimensional Beam Lattices

The roughness exponent is reported in numerical simulations with a three-dimensional elastic beam lattice. Two different types of disorder have been used to generate the breaking thresholds, i.e., distributions with a tail towards either strong or weak beams. Beyond the weak disorder regime a universal exponent of 0.59(1) is obtained. This is within the range 0.4-0.6 reported experimentally for small scale quasi-static fracture, as would be expected for media with a characteristic length scale.Comment: 4 pages and 6 figure

A MEMS viscometer for unadulterated human blood

The design and theoretical modelling of an oscillating micro-mechanical-viscometer designed for the measurement of whole unadulterated human blood, is described. The proposed device utilises the dependence of the squeeze-film damping ratio on properties of the surrounding fluid to measure fluid viscosity using an oscillating plate structure. The optimum geometrical configuration for the device structure has been investigated and a methodology for defining the optimum configuration of the micro-mechanical sensor identified. This is then applied to calculate the predicted noise equivalent viscosity change . It was found that the device performance is limited by electronic noise within the detection circuitry rather than thermal mechanical noise. An electronic noise limited measurement resolution of , is predicted for measurement over a shear range of , at a measurement bandwidth of . The linearity of response of the micro-mechanical-viscometer is considered and the device is predicted to provide a linear measurement response

Roughness of Crack Interfaces in Two-Dimensional Beam Lattices

The roughness of crack interfaces is reported in quasistatic fracture, using an elastic network of beams with random breaking thresholds. For strong disorders we obtain 0.86(3) for the roughness exponent, a result which is very different from the minimum energy surface exponent, i.e., the value 2/3. A cross-over to lower values is observed as the disorder is reduced, the exponent in these cases being strongly dependent on the disorder.Comment: 9 pages, RevTeX, 3 figure

Regulation of CD1 Antigen-presenting Complex Stability

For major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules, the binding of specific peptide antigens is essential for assembly and trafficking and is at the center of their quality control mechanism. However, the role of lipid antigen binding in stabilization and quality control of CD1 heavy chain (HC).beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m) complexes is unclear. Furthermore, the distinct trafficking and loading routes of CD1 proteins take them from mildly acidic pH in early endososmal compartments (pH 6.0) to markedly acidic pH in lysosomes (pH 5.0) and back to neutral pH of the cell surface (pH 7.4). Here, we present evidence that the stability of each CD1 HC.beta(2)m complex is determined by the distinct pH optima identical to that of the intracellular compartments in which each CD1 isoform resides. Although stable at acidic endosomal pH, complexes are only stable at cell surface pH 7.4 when bound to specific lipid antigens. The proposed model outlines a quality control program that allows lipid exchange at low endosomal pH without dissociation of the CD1 HC.beta(2)m complex and then stabilizes the antigen-loaded complex at neutral pH at the cell surface

Efficient transplacental IgG transfer in women infected with Zika virus during pregnancy

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a newly-identified infectious cause of congenital disease. Transplacental transfer of maternal IgG to the fetus plays an important role in preventing many neonatal infections. However, antibody transfer may also have negative consequences, such as mediating enhancement of flavivirus infections in early life, or trafficking of virus immune complexes to the fetal compartment. ZIKV infection produces placental pathology which could lead to impaired IgG transfer efficiency as occurs in other maternal infections, such as HIV-1 and malaria. In this study, we asked whether ZIKV infection during pregnancy impairs transplacental transfer of IgG. We enrolled pregnant women with fever or rash in a prospective cohort in Vitoria, Brazil during the recent ZIKV epidemic. ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV)-specific IgG, ZIKV and DENV neutralizing antibodies, and routine vaccine antigenspecific IgG were measured in maternal samples collected around delivery and 20 paired cord blood samples. We concluded that 8 of these mothers were infected with ZIKV during pregnancy and 12 were ZIKV-uninfected. The magnitude of flavivirus-specific IgG, neutralizing antibody, and vaccine-elicited IgG were highly correlated between maternal plasma and infant cord blood in both ZIKV-infected and -uninfected mother-infant pairs. Moreover, there was no difference in the magnitude of plasma flavivirus-specific IgG levels between mothers and infants regardless of ZIKV infection status. Our data suggests that maternal ZIKV infection during pregnancy does not impair the efficiency of placental transfer of flavivirus-specific, functional, and vaccine-elicited IgG. These findings have implications for the neonatal outomes of maternal ZIKV infection and optimal administration of antibody-based ZIKV vaccines and therapeutics

Pushdown automata in statistical machine translation

This article describes the use of pushdown automata (PDA) in the context of statistical machine translation and alignment under a synchronous context-free grammar. We use PDAs to compactly represent the space of candidate translations generated by the grammar when applied to an input sentence. General-purpose PDA algorithms for replacement, composition, shortest path, and expansion are presented. We describe HiPDT, a hierarchical phrase-based decoder using the PDA representation and these algorithms. We contrast the complexity of this decoder with a decoder based on a finite state automata representation, showing that PDAs provide a more suitable framework to achieve exact decoding for larger synchronous context-free grammars and smaller language models. We assess this experimentally on a large-scale Chinese-to-English alignment and translation task. In translation, we propose a two-pass decoding strategy involving a weaker language model in the first-pass to address the results of PDA complexity analysis. We study in depth the experimental conditions and tradeoffs in which HiPDT can achieve state-of-the-art performance for large-scale SMT. </jats:p

Predicting global habitat suitability for stony corals on seamounts

Aim Globally, species distribution patterns in the deep sea are poorly resolved, with spatial coverage being sparse for most taxa and true absence data missing. Increasing human impacts on deep-sea ecosystems mean that reaching a better understanding of such patterns is becoming more urgent. Cold-water stony corals (Order Scleractinia) form structurally complex habitats (dense thickets or reefs) that can support a diversity of other associated fauna. Despite their widely accepted ecological importance, records of scleractinian corals on seamounts are patchy and simply not available for most of the global ocean. The objective of this paper is to model the global distribution of suitable habitat for stony corals on seamounts. Location Seamounts worldwide. Methods We compiled a database containing all accessible records of scleractinian corals on seamounts. Two modelling approaches developed for presence-only data were used to predict global habitat suitability for seamount scleractinians: maximum entropy modelling (Maxent) and environmental niche factor analysis (ENFA). We generated habitat-suitability maps and used a cross-validation process with a threshold-independent metric to evaluate the performance of the models. Results Both models performed well in cross-validation, although the Maxent method consistently outperformed ENFA. Highly suitable habitat for seamount stony corals was predicted to occur at most modelled depths in the North Atlantic, and in a circumglobal strip in the Southern Hemisphere between 20° and 50° S and shallower than around 1500 m. Seamount summits in most other regions appeared much less likely to provide suitable habitat, except for small near-surface patches. The patterns of habitat suitability largely reflect current biogeographical knowledge. Environmental variables positively associated with high predicted habitat suitability included the aragonite saturation state, and oxygen saturation and concentration. By contrast, low levels of dissolved inorganic carbon, nitrate, phosphate and silicate were associated with high predicted suitability. High correlation among variables made assessing individual drivers difficult. Main conclusions Our models predict environmental conditions likely to play a role in determining large-scale scleractinian coral distributions on seamounts, and provide a baseline scenario on a global scale. These results present a first-order hypothesis that can be tested by further sampling. Given the high vulnerability of cold-water corals to human impacts, such predictions are crucial tools in developing worldwide conservation and management strategies for seamount ecosystems. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Design and manufacture of a bed supported tidal turbine model for blade and shaft load measurement in turbulent flow and waves

Laboratory testing of tidal turbine models is an essential tool to investigate hydrodynamic interactions between turbines and the flow. Such tests can be used to calibrate numerical models and to estimate rotor loading and wake development to inform the design of full scale machines and array layout. The details of the design and manufacturing techniques used to develop a highly instrumented turbine model are presented. The model has a 1.2 m diameter, three bladed horizontal axis rotor and is bottom mounted. Particular attention is given to the instrumentation which can measure streamwise root bending moment for each blade and torque and thrust for the overall rotor. The model is mainly designed to investigate blade and shaft loads due to both turbulence and waves. Initial results from tests in a 2 m deep by 4 m wide flume are also presented

MultiSig: a new high-precision approach to the analysis of complex biomolecular systems

MultiSig is a newly developed mode of analysis of sedimentation equilibrium (SE) experiments in the analytical ultracentrifuge, having the capability of taking advantage of the remarkable precision (~0.1 % of signal) of the principal optical (fringe) system employed, thus supplanting existing methods of analysis through reducing the ‘noise’ level of certain important parameter estimates by up to orders of magnitude. Long-known limitations of the SE method, arising from lack of knowledge of the true fringe number in fringe optics and from the use of unstable numerical algorithms such as numerical differentiation, have been transcended. An approach to data analysis, akin to ‘spatial filtering’, has been developed, and shown by both simulation and practical application to be a powerful aid to the precision with which near-monodisperse systems can be analysed, potentially yielding information on protein-solvent interaction. For oligo- and poly-disperse systems the information returned includes precise average mass distributions over both cell radial and concentration ranges and mass-frequency histograms at fixed radial positions. The application of MultiSig analysis to various complex heterogenous systems and potentially multiply-interacting carbohydrate oligomers is described