Avaliação de oportunidades de restauração de paisagens e florestas : um estudo de caso do estado do Espírito Santo-ES

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Alessandro Camargo AngeloMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Curso de Especialização em Gestão FlorestalInclui referênciasResumo: A Metodologia de Avaliação de Oportunidades de Restauração (ROAM) permite identificar oportunidades, analisar dados e promover a restauração de paisagens e florestas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir o estudo de caso da aplicação da ROAM no Estado do Espírito Santo, destacando seu potencial em fornecer dados analíticos relevantes para a construção de planos de ação a fim de auxiliar os tomadores de decisão no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas voltadas à restauração de paisagens e florestas. A existência de um cenário favorável à restauração deve-se primeiramente ao engajamento e articulação da secretaria de meio ambiente, através do Programa Reflorestar, com diversos atores locais, instituições governamentais e instituições ambientais locais e internacionais. Os principais resultados obtidos nas análises econômicas foram de custo de oportunidade e dos benefícios com a exploração econômica da restauração. De acordo com os resultados da ROAM o Espírito Santo possui 494 mil hectares de passivo em área de preservação permanente o que demandará investimento aproximado de R$ 6 bilhões nos próximos 22 anos. Segundo a modelagem InVEST, há um estoque de carbono no Estado do Espírito Santo estimado na ordem de 474 milhões de toneladas. Também foram utilizados os modelos InVEST: Produção de Água e Taxa de Entrega de Sedimento, para avaliar os serviços ecossistêmicos fornecidos pela paisagem. A seleção das áreas prioritárias para restauração representa grande potencial de contribuição na redução da quantidade de sedimentos transportados para os cursos d'água e na identificação de áreas sensíveis para a conservação hídrica

Profilaxia da Fibrilaçao Atrial no Pós-Operatório de Cirurgia Cardíaca

A alta prevalência da Fibrilaçao Atrial (FA) após cirurgia cardíaca, com suas reaçoes adversas para os pacientes, demanda a padronizaçao das terapias profiláticas. Entre os fatores predisponentes da FA pós-operatória encontram-se: idade avançada, doença valvar (estenose mitral) e cirurgia cardíaca prévia. Pericardite e lesao atrial pelo manuseio e canulaçao sao fatores prováveis na sua patogênese. A prescriçao de β-bloqueadores, amiodarona e sotalol tem permitido a diminuiçao de sua incidência. A estimulaçao atrial parece ser uma boa opçao para a prevençao de FA pós-cirúrgica, porém o tipo e o modo de estimulaçao ainda precisam de maiores estudos. Neste trabalho, revisamos e discutimos 72 artigos publicados sobre o assunto, objetivando comparar as terapias mais utilizadas, buscando assim um consenso para a profilaxia da FA no pós-operatório das cirurgias cardíacas

Profilaxia da Fibrilaçao Atrial no Pós-Operatório de Cirurgia Cardíaca

A alta prevalência da Fibrilaçao Atrial (FA) após cirurgia cardíaca, com suas reaçoes adversas para os pacientes, demanda a padronizaçao das terapias profiláticas. Entre os fatores predisponentes da FA pós-operatória encontram-se: idade avançada, doença valvar (estenose mitral) e cirurgia cardíaca prévia. Pericardite e lesao atrial pelo manuseio e canulaçao sao fatores prováveis na sua patogênese. A prescriçao de β-bloqueadores, amiodarona e sotalol tem permitido a diminuiçao de sua incidência. A estimulaçao atrial parece ser uma boa opçao para a prevençao de FA pós-cirúrgica, porém o tipo e o modo de estimulaçao ainda precisam de maiores estudos. Neste trabalho, revisamos e discutimos 72 artigos publicados sobre o assunto, objetivando comparar as terapias mais utilizadas, buscando assim um consenso para a profilaxia da FA no pós-operatório das cirurgias cardíacas

Dynamics of liquid He-4 in confined geometries from Time-Dependent Density Functional calculations

We present numerical results obtained from Time-Dependent Density Functional calculations of the dynamics of liquid He-4 in different environments characterized by geometrical confinement. The time-dependent density profile and velocity field of He-4 are obtained by means of direct numerical integration of the non-linear Schrodinger equation associated with a phenomenological energy functional which describes accurately both the static and dynamic properties of bulk liquid He-4. Our implementation allows for a general solution in 3-D (i.e. no symmetries are assumed in order to simplify the calculations). We apply our method to study the real-time dynamics of pure and alkali-doped clusters, of a monolayer film on a weakly attractive surface and a nano-droplet spreading on a solid surface.Comment: q 1 tex file + 9 Ps figure

From nonwetting to prewetting: the asymptotic behavior of 4He drops on alkali substrates

We investigate the spreading of 4He droplets on alkali surfaces at zero temperature, within the frame of Finite Range Density Functional theory. The equilibrium configurations of several 4He_N clusters and their asymptotic trend with increasing particle number N, which can be traced to the wetting behavior of the quantum fluid, are examined for nanoscopic droplets. We discuss the size effects, inferring that the asymptotic properties of large droplets correspond to those of the prewetting film

Semiallogenic fusions of MSI+ tumor cells and activated B cells induce MSI-specific T cell responses

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Various strategies have been developed to transfer tumor-specific antigens into antigen presenting cells in order to induce cytotoxic T cell responses against tumor cells. One approach uses cellular vaccines based on fusions of autologous antigen presenting cells and allogeneic tumor cells. The fusion cells combine antigenicity of the tumor cell with optimal immunostimulatory capacity of the antigen presenting cells.</p> <p>Microsatellite instability caused by mutational inactivation of DNA mismatch repair genes results in translational frameshifts when affecting coding regions. It has been shown by us and others that these mutant proteins lead to the presentation of immunogenic frameshift peptides that are - in principle - recognized by a multiplicity of effector T cells.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We chose microsatellite instability-induced frameshift antigens as ideal to test for induction of tumor specific T cell responses by semiallogenic fusions of microsatellite instable carcinoma cells with CD40-activated B cells. Two fusion clones of HCT116 with activated B cells were selected for stimulation of T cells autologous to the B cell fusion partner. Outgrowing T cells were phenotyped and tested in functional assays.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The fusion clones expressed frameshift antigens as well as high amounts of MHC and costimulatory molecules. Autologous T cells stimulated with these fusions were predominantly CD4⁺, activated, and reacted specifically against the fusion clones and also against the tumor cell fusion partner. Interestingly, a response toward 6 frameshift-derived peptides (of 14 tested) could be observed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Cellular fusions of MSI⁺carcinoma cells and activated B cells combine the antigen-presenting capacity of the B cell with the antigenic repertoire of the carcinoma cell. They present frameshift-derived peptides and can induce specific and fully functional T cells recognizing not only fusion cells but also the carcinoma cells. These hybrid cells may have great potential for cellular immunotherapy and this approach should be further analyzed in preclinical as well as clinical trials. Moreover, this is the first report on the induction of frameshift-specific T cell responses without the use of synthetic peptides.</p

Threshold criterion for wetting at the triple point

Grand canonical simulations are used to calculate adsorption isotherms of various classical gases on alkali metal and Mg surfaces. Ab initio adsorption potentials and Lennard-Jones gas-gas interactions are used. Depending on the system, the resulting behavior can be nonwetting for all temperatures studied, complete wetting, or (in the intermediate case) exhibit a wetting transition. An unusual variety of wetting transitions at the triple point is found in the case of a specific adsorption potential of intermediate strength. The general threshold for wetting near the triple point is found to be close to that predicted with a heuristic model of Cheng et al. This same conclusion was drawn in a recent experimental and simulation study of Ar on CO_2 by Mistura et al. These results imply that a dimensionless wetting parameter w is useful for predicting whether wetting behavior is present at and above the triple temperature. The nonwetting/wetting crossover value found here is w circa 3.3.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure

To wet or not to wet: that is the question

Wetting transitions have been predicted and observed to occur for various combinations of fluids and surfaces. This paper describes the origin of such transitions, for liquid films on solid surfaces, in terms of the gas-surface interaction potentials V(r), which depend on the specific adsorption system. The transitions of light inert gases and H2 molecules on alkali metal surfaces have been explored extensively and are relatively well understood in terms of the least attractive adsorption interactions in nature. Much less thoroughly investigated are wetting transitions of Hg, water, heavy inert gases and other molecular films. The basic idea is that nonwetting occurs, for energetic reasons, if the adsorption potential's well-depth D is smaller than, or comparable to, the well-depth of the adsorbate-adsorbate mutual interaction. At the wetting temperature, Tw, the transition to wetting occurs, for entropic reasons, when the liquid's surface tension is sufficiently small that the free energy cost in forming a thick film is sufficiently compensated by the fluid- surface interaction energy. Guidelines useful for exploring wetting transitions of other systems are analyzed, in terms of generic criteria involving the "simple model", which yields results in terms of gas-surface interaction parameters and thermodynamic properties of the bulk adsorbate.Comment: Article accepted for publication in J. Low Temp. Phy

Measurement of the partial widths of the Z into up- and down-type quarks

Using the entire OPAL LEP1 on-peak Z hadronic decay sample, Z -> qbarq gamma decays were selected by tagging hadronic final states with isolated photon candidates in the electromagnetic calorimeter. Combining the measured rates of Z -> qbarq gamma decays with the total rate of hadronic Z decays permits the simultaneous determination of the widths of the Z into up- and down-type quarks. The values obtained, with total errors, were Gamma u = 300 ^{+19}_{-18} MeV and Gamma d = 381 ^{+12}_{-12} MeV. The results are in good agreement with the Standard Model expectation.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures, Submitted to Phys. Letts.