Il decoro in architettura. Le riggiole napoletane

To the knowledge of architecture becomes a valid area of research, also for Fixed protection Policies and original recovery of Image Building, analyzing coatings and decorations What characterized Especially the noble building. It ranks in this research conducted on the use of riggiole Neapolitan with in the Cutinelli-Rendina Palace a Campomaggiore in Basilicata

Hybrid 6-DoFs magnetic localization for robotic capsule endoscopes compatible with high-grade magnetic field navigation

This paper proposes a hybrid 6-DoFs localization system for endoscopic magnetic capsules, compatible with external high-grade permanent magnetic locomotion. The proposed localization system, which is able to provide an accurate estimation of the endoscopic capsule pose, finds application in the robotic endoscopy field to provide efficient closed-loop navigation of a magnetically-driven tethered capsule. It takes advantage of two optimization steps based on a triangulation approach, i.e. (1) mathematical approximations of the magnetic field, and (2) minimization of the magnetic field mean square deviation. The proposed localization system was tested in two different in-vitro scenarios for mimicking the clinical cases that a magnetic capsule would encounter during tele-operated magnetic navigation. The development phase was preceded by an in-depth work-space analysis to lay the groundwork for the localization design and implementation. Results of the hybrid 6-DoFs localization system show a significant accuracy in accordance with the state-of-the-art, i.e. < 5 mm and < 5° in position and orientation, but introducing benefits in expanding the work-space by increasing the number of electromagnets on the operating table as an independent solution with respect to the external magnetic locomotion source

Experimental setup and procedure for the measurement of the 7Be(n,p)7Li reaction at n_TOF

Following the completion of the second neutron beam line and the related experimental area (EAR2) at the n_TOF spallation neutron source at CERN, several experiments were planned and performed. The high instantaneous neutron flux available in EAR2 allows to investigate neutron induced reactions with charged particles in the exit channel even employing targets made out of small amounts of short-lived radioactive isotopes. After the successful measurement of the 7Be(n,) cross section, the 7Be(n,p)7Li reaction was studied in order to provide still missing cross section data of relevance for Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), in an attempt to find a solution to the cosmological Lithium abundance problem. This paper describes the experimental setup employed in such a measurement and its characterization.Séptimo Programa Marco de la Comunidad Europea de la Energía Atómica (Euratom)-Proyecto CHANDA (No. 605203)Narodowe Centrum Nauki (NCN)-UMO-2012/04/M/ST2/00700-UMO-2016/22/M/ST2/00183Croatian Science Foundation-HRZZ 168

Silicon detectors for the n-TOF neutron beams monitoring

During 2014 the second experimental area EAR2 was completed at the n-TOF neutron beam facility at CERN. As the neutrons are produced via spallation, by means of a high-intensity 20 GeV pulsed proton beam impinging on a thick target, the resulting neutron beam covers an enormous energy range, from thermal to several GeV. In this paper we describe two beam diagnostic devices, designed and built at INFN-LNS, both exploiting silicon detectors coupled with neutron converter foils containing 6Li. The first one is based on four silicon pads and allows to monitor the neutron beam flux as a function of the neutron energy. The second one, based on position sensitive silicon detectors, is intended for the reconstruction of the beam profile, again as a function of the neutron energy. Several electronic setups have been explored in order to overcome the issues related to the gamma flash, namely a huge pulse present at the start of each neutron bunch which may blind the detectors for some time. The two devices have been characterized with radioactive sources at INFN-LNS and then tested at n-TOF. The wide energy and intensity range they proved capable of sustaining, made them quite attractive and suitable to be used in both EAR1 and EAR2 n-TOF experimental areas, where they became immediately operational.Comment: submitted to Review of Scientific Instrument

Exploring neutron channel solutions at CERN/n TOF for the Cosmological Lithium Problem

New measurements of the 7Be(n, α) 4He and 7Be(n, p) 7Li reaction cross sections from thermal to keV neutron energies have been performed at CERN/n TOF. High purity 7Be material was produced at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and implanted at CERN/ISOLDE, demonstrating the feasibility of neutron measurements on samples produced at radioactive beam facilities. The cross sections are significantly higher than previously determined, at low energies. The new estimate of the 7Be destruction rate based on these new results yields a decrease of the predicted cosmological 7Li abundance, insufficient to provide a viable solution to the Cosmological Lithium Problem (CLiP). The two n TOF measurements can finally rule out neutron-induced reactions as a potential explanation of the CLiP, leaving all alternative physics and astronomical scenarios still open

Experimental setup and procedure for the measurement of the 7Be(n,α)α reaction at n_TOF

The newly built second experimental area EAR2 of the n_TOF spallation neutron source at CERN allows to perform (n, charged particles) experiments on short-lived highly radioactive targets. This paper describes a detection apparatus and the experimental procedure for the determination of the cross-section of the 7Be(n,α)α reaction, which represents one of the focal points toward the solution of the cosmological Lithium abundance problem, and whose only measurement, at thermal energy, dates back to 1963. The apparently unsurmountable experimental difficulties stemming from the huge 7Be γ-activity, along with the lack of a suitable neutron beam facility, had so far prevented further measurements. The detection system is subject to considerable radiation damage, but is capable of disentangling the rare reaction signals from the very high background. This newly developed setup could likely be useful also to study other challenging reactions requiring the detectors to be installed directly in the neutron beam.European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2011-UMO-2012/04/M/ST2/00700Croatian Science Foundation-HRZZ 168

Obesity, comorbidities, and treatment selection in Black and White women with early breast cancer

Background: This study investigates obesity and comorbidity in Black and White women with early breast cancer (stages I-III) and their potential impact on treatment decisions for patients with hormone receptor–positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2–) tumors. Methods: In this retrospective chart review, comparisons of frequencies for Black and White patients were calculated with the Fisher exact test. Log binomial regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals for total and individual comorbidities, and multivariable modeling was used to estimate PRs adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI). Results: In a sample of 548 patients, 26% were Black, and 74% were White. Sixty-two percent of Black patients and 32% of White patients were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; P <.0001). Seventy-five percent of Black patients and 87% of White patients had HR+ tumors (P =.001). Significant intergroup differences were seen for 2 or more total comorbidities (62% of Blacks vs 47% of Whites; P =.001), 2 or more obesity-related comorbidities (33% vs 10%; P <.0001), hypertension (60% vs 32%; P <.0001), diabetes mellitus (23% vs 6%; P <;.0001), hypercholesterolemia or hyperlipidemia (28% vs 18%; P =.02), and hypothyroidism (4% vs 11%; P =.012). In women with HR+/HER2– tumors, there were no intergroup differences in treatment decisions regarding the type of surgery, chemotherapy regimen, radiation, or endocrine treatment despite significant differences in the prevalence of obesity and comorbidities. Conclusions: This study documents significant disparities between Black and White women with early breast cancer with regard to high rates of obesity, overall comorbidities, and obesity-related comorbidities, and it highlights the prevalence of competing risks that may complicate outcomes in breast cancer

Cross section measurements of 155,157Gd(n, γ) induced by thermal and epithermal neutrons

© SIF, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019Neutron capture cross section measurements on 155Gd and 157Gd were performed using the time-of-flight technique at the n_TOF facility at CERN on isotopically enriched samples. The measurements were carried out in the n_TOF experimental area EAR1, at 185 m from the neutron source, with an array of 4 C6D6 liquid scintillation detectors. At a neutron kinetic energy of 0.0253 eV, capture cross sections of 62.2(2.2) and 239.8(8.4) kilobarn have been derived for 155Gd and 157Gd, respectively, with up to 6% deviation relative to values presently reported in nuclear data libraries, but consistent with those values within 1.6 standard deviations. A resonance shape analysis has been performed in the resolved resonance region up to 181 eV and 307 eV, respectively for 155Gd and 157Gd, where on average, resonance parameters have been found in good agreement with evaluations. Above these energies and up to 1 keV, the observed resonance-like structure of the cross section has been analysed and characterised. From a statistical analysis of the observed neutron resonances we deduced: neutron strength function of 2. 01 (28) × 10 - 4 and 2. 17 (41) × 10 - 4; average total radiative width of 106.8(14) meV and 101.1(20) meV and s-wave resonance spacing 1.6(2) eV and 4.8(5) eV for n + 155Gd and n + 157Gd systems, respectively.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

The 33S(n,α)30Si cross section measurement at n-TOF-EAR2 (CERN) : From 0.01 eV to the resonance region

The 33S(n,α)30Si cross section measurement, using 10B(n,α) as reference, at the n-TOF Experimental Area 2 (EAR2) facility at CERN is presented. Data from 0.01 eV to 100 keV are provided and, for the first time, the cross section is measured in the range from 0.01 eV to 10 keV. These data may be used for a future evaluation of the cross section because present evaluations exhibit large discrepancies. The 33S(n,α)30Si reaction is of interest in medical physics because of its possible use as a cooperative target to boron in Neutron Capture Therapy (NCT)

Time-of-flight and activation experiments on 147Pm and 171Tm for astrophysics

The neutron capture cross section of several key unstable isotopes acting as branching points in the s-process are crucial for stellar nucleosynthesis studies, but they are very challenging to measure due to the difficult production of sufficient sample material, the high activity of the resulting samples, and the actual (n,γ) measurement, for which high neutron fluxes and effective background rejection capabilities are required. As part of a new program to measure some of these important branching points, radioactive targets of 147Pm and 171Tm have been produced by irradiation of stable isotopes at the ILL high flux reactor. Neutron capture on 146Nd and 170Er at the reactor was followed by beta decay and the resulting matrix was purified via radiochemical separation at PSI. The radioactive targets have been used for time-of-flight measurements at the CERN n-TOF facility using the 19 and 185 m beam lines during 2014 and 2015. The capture cascades were detected using a set of four C6D6 scintillators, allowing to observe the associated neutron capture resonances. The results presented in this work are the first ever determination of the resonance capture cross section of 147Pm and 171Tm. Activation experiments on the same 147Pm and 171Tm targets with a high-intensity 30 keV quasi-Maxwellian flux of neutrons will be performed using the SARAF accelerator and the Liquid-Lithium Target (LiLiT) in order to extract the corresponding Maxwellian Average Cross Section (MACS). The status of these experiments and preliminary results will be presented and discussed as well